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Cushing’s disease is the consequence of elevated levels of corticosteroids that are released from the small glands over the kidneys called the adrenals
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This excess is due to the increased activity of the pituitary gland, which is the master gland of the body located at the base of the brain
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There is a centripetal distribution of fat in Cushing’s syndrome, and the accumulation of fat at the neck region causes a characteristic buffalo hump. Moon facies are also seen
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Personality changes are common in Cushing’s syndrome, along with irritability, depression, euphoria or psychosis. Emotional lability is common
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A number of bone issues can occur in this condition, namely, osteopenia, osteoporosis and vertebral compression fractures. Back pain is experienced due to these reasons
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A loss of protein from the muscles and reduced levels of potassium in the blood can lead to a weakness of the muscles all over the body
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Menstrual irregularities are seen in women, like absence of menses. Gonadal dysfunction can lead to impotence as well
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Due to an increased secretion of the androgen hormone, excessive facial hair can be observed. This hormone is released from the adrenals
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Metabolic changes can cause glucose intolerance, diabetes, increased levels of lipids and kidney stones. Excessive frequency of urination is seen in some individuals
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Surgical removal of the tumours causing Cushing’s disease along with radiotherapy and radiosurgery is used to treat this condition.