Liver Cirrhosis: Causes, symptoms, and how to manage this condition

By Rajeshwaari Kalla | July 24, 2025 |  Image: Canva

Definition and nodular appearance

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Liver cirrhosis is the end-stage of any type of longstanding liver disease. The liver may be covered either by small nodules or large nodules

Pathological changes

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It is characterised by formation of  fibrous tissue in the liver along with  a loss of the normal architecture of  the liver parenchyma

Alcohol and viral causes

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One of the most common causes of liver cirrhosis is long term alcohol consumption. Alongside, hepatitis B and C can also lead to this disease

Drug-induced cirrhosis

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Certain drugs like methotrexate (used in rheumatoid arthritis), methyldopa (used in hypertension) and isoniazid can also lead to cirrhosis

General symptoms

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General, non-specific symptoms include weakness, weight loss, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and abdominal pain

Reproductive effects in women

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In women, loss of hair, irregular menstruation and absence of menstruation may be seen in case  of liver cirrhosis

Reproductive effects in men

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Men may show gynecomastia (enlargement of breast tissue in  males), testicular atrophy and  impotence due to cirrhosis

Bleeding tendency

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The liver physiologically produces coagulation factors. In cirrhosis, the reduced production can cause easy bruising and bleeding from the nose

Asterixis

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Flapping tremors, also known as asterixis, may also be noted when  the arms are stretched with the  fingers facing upwards

Treatment and lifestyle changes

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While there is no way to reverse it, liver transplantation can be tried. Cessation of alcohol consumption is necessary to avoid progression of the condition

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