Passive architectural design for shading, ventilation and daylighting; use of climate-appropriate building materials and insulation; and greening of urban spaces, among other ideas to beat the heat.
The sun’s heat and light reach urban and rural areas in the same way but the difference in temperature is mainly because of the surfaces in each environment and how they absorb and hold heat
The term ‘urban heat island’, however, is thought to have been coined as ‘städtischen Wärmeinsel’ in 1929 by the German meteorologist Albert Peppler, who described it as ‘a hot stagnant mass of air over the city’.