Thyroid in women: 10 warning signs for early detection and management

Thyroid plays a crucial role in regulating various metabolic processes in the body by producing thyroid hormones—triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). These hormones influence metabolism, growth and development, body temperature, heart rate, and energy levels. It's important for women to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms of thyroid disorders and to seek medical attention if they experience any signs of thyroid dysfunction, says Delhi based gynaecologist Manisha Kadam. She also suggests that early detection and proper management can help prevent complications and improve overall health and well-being.

Here are some warning signs to look out for:

Fatigue: Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, affecting energy levels. When the thyroid is underactive (hypothyroidism), the body's metabolic processes slow down, leading to fatigue despite adequate rest.

Weight changes: It influence metabolism and, consequently, weight regulation. Hypothyroidism can lead to weight gain due to a slower metabolic rate, while hyperthyroidism can cause weight loss due to an overly active metabolism.

Changes in mood: Thyroid hormones have a significant impact on brain chemistry. Imbalances in these hormones can affect neurotransmitter levels, leading to mood swings, irritability, anxiety, or depression, says Kadam.

Changes in menstrual cycle: This help regulate the menstrual cycle. An imbalance in thyroid hormones can disrupt this regulation, leading to irregular periods, heavier or lighter flow, or changes in frequency.

Hair and skin changes: Thyroid hormones influence skin and hair health. Dry skin, brittle nails, thinning hair, or hair loss can occur with thyroid dysfunction due to changes in skin and hair follicle function.

Digestive issues: It affect digestive function. Hypothyroidism can slow down digestion, leading to constipation or other digestive problems.

Muscle and joint pain: It play a crucial role in muscle function and repair. Imbalances in these hormones can lead to unexplained muscle weakness, stiffness, or pain, particularly in the arms, legs, or joints.

Sleep disturbances: Thyroid dysfunction can disrupt the body's natural sleep-wake cycle. Hypothyroidism can lead to difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, while hyperthyroidism can cause insomnia or the need for excessive amounts of sleep.

Swelling in neck: A goiter, or visible swelling or lump in the neck area, can indicate thyroid nodules or enlargement. This swelling may be painless or accompanied by discomfort or difficulty swallowing.

Digestive issues: It affect digestive function. Hypothyroidism can slow down digestion, leading to constipation or other digestive problems.

Temperature sensitivity: Thyroid hormones regulate body temperature. Hypothyroidism can lead to feeling excessively cold, while hyperthyroidism can cause feeling excessively hot, even when others are comfortable.