Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Feeling feverish and developing a rash, experiencing joint pain and red eyes, all while carrying the weight of new life within you, are the unsettling symptoms of the Zika virus in pregnant women, symptoms that can be easily mistaken for a mild illness. However, the implications of Zika virus infection during pregnancy are far more severe.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), while the virus can also be transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusion, and from mother to child during pregnancy, its most concerning impact is on pregnant women.
When a pregnant woman is infected with Zika virus, there is a significant risk of the virus crossing the placental barrier and infecting the developing fetus. This can result in a variety of serious congenital abnormalities, collectively known as congenital Zika syndrome. The risks are highest when the infection occurs during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, as this is a critical period for fetal brain development.
Check out the conditions associated with congenital Zika syndrome:
Smaller than expected head size: One of the most well-known and severe effects of congenital Zika syndrome is microcephaly, a condition where the baby's head is much smaller than expected. This occurs due to abnormal brain development and can lead to significant cognitive and physical disabilities, developmental delays, and seizures.
Impaired brain growth and function: Zika virus can cause various brain abnormalities, including calcifications in the brain tissue, reduced brain volume, and other structural defects. These impairments can result in severe intellectual disabilities and motor dysfunction, affecting the child's quality of life.
Difficulty swallowing and feeding: Babies born with congenital Zika syndrome often struggle with feeding due to difficulties in swallowing. This can lead to malnutrition and growth delays, requiring specialized feeding techniques and nutritional support to ensure proper development.
Hearing loss and vision problems: Hearing loss and vision problems are common in infants with congenital Zika syndrome. These sensory impairments can range from mild to severe and may necessitate the use of hearing aids, glasses, or corrective surgeries to improve the child's sensory functions.
Uncontrolled electrical activity in brain: Seizures are another serious condition associated with congenital Zika syndrome. They can vary in severity and frequency, often requiring medication and ongoing neurological care to manage and reduce their impact.
Contractures and stiff muscles: Many babies with congenital Zika syndrome experience joint problems, such as contractures, where the joints become permanently bent, and muscle stiffness, or hypertonia, making movement difficult. These conditions often require physical therapy and other interventions to improve mobility and functionality.
Potential development of additional issues: Not all babies born with congenital Zika syndrome will exhibit all these conditions at birth. Some infants may develop microcephaly or other health issues later in life, even if they appeared healthy initially. Continuous monitoring and medical care are essential to address any emerging health concerns.
Preventive methods:
The virus's ability to cause severe congenital abnormalities highlights the importance of preventive measures, such as avoiding mosquito bites and practicing safe sex. Understanding the risks and being vigilant about symptoms can help manage and reduce the devastating impact of Zika virus on pregnancy.
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