Hyperthyroidism: Impact on women's sexual health and treatment strategies

Hyperthyroidism: General fatigue and muscle weakness are prevalent symptoms of hyperthyroidism. (Image: Canva)

Hyperthyroidism, characterised by excessive thyroid hormone production, extends beyond its metabolic symptoms to affect women's overall health. This hormonal imbalance significantly impacts sexual function, contributing to various dysfunctions that influence both physical and emotional well-being.

Effective management of hyperthyroidism through appropriate treatments restores hormonal balance, thereby alleviating these sexual dysfunctions and improving the overall quality of life for affected women, says Dr Sonia Golani, consultant gynaecologist and obstetrician, Bhailal Amin General hospital, Vadodara. Dr Golani explains how Hyperthyroidism impacts women's sexual health.

Menstrual irregularities: One of the primary manifestations of hyperthyroidism in women are menstrual irregularities. These irregularities can range from infrequent menstruation (oligomenorrhea) to complete absence of periods (amenorrhea), or even heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia). Such disruptions stem from the thyroid hormones' influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which regulates the menstrual cycle.

Reduced libido: Hyperthyroidism often leads to a decrease in sexual desire, known as reduced libido. This decline is attributed to hormonal imbalances caused by elevated thyroid hormone levels, which can affect the overall hormonal milieu crucial for maintaining healthy sexual function.

Dyspareunia: Another common sexual dysfunction seen in women with hyperthyroidism is dyspareunia, which refers to painful intercourse. This discomfort may arise due to vaginal dryness, a common symptom related to hormonal fluctuations in hyperthyroidism, or other physical changes affecting the reproductive organs.

Impact of fatigue and weakness on sexual activity

General fatigue and muscle weakness are prevalent symptoms of hyperthyroidism. These physical limitations can significantly contribute to decreased sexual activity and interest in women, affecting arousal, desire, lubrication, orgasm, and overall sexual satisfaction.

Reversible nature with treatment

Fortunately, many of these sexual dysfunctions associated with hyperthyroidism are reversible with appropriate treatment. Treatment options may include medications to regulate thyroid hormone levels, radioactive iodine therapy, or in some cases, surgical interventions. By effectively managing thyroid function, healthcare providers can restore hormonal balance and improve overall sexual health in affected women.

While hyperthyroidism primarily manifests with metabolic symptoms such as weight loss and palpitations, its impact on women's sexual health should not be overlooked. Understanding the correlation between thyroid hormones and sexual function helps Dr address both the physical and emotional aspects of this condition, says Dr Golani.

With timely diagnosis and treatment, including regular monitoring of thyroid function, women can regain normal menstrual cycles, enhance libido, and alleviate other sexual dysfunctions associated with hyperthyroidism, thereby improving their quality of life.