Diabetes, hypertension, smoking can increase risk of dementia, here's everything you need to know

Dementia, if not treated timely, can cause several neural imapairments.(Image:Canva)

Dementia is a collective term for a range of cognitive impairments affecting memory, thinking, and social abilities severely enough to interfere with daily functioning. It is not a single disease but a syndrome resulting from various underlying diseases and brain injuries, most notably Alzheimer. Symptoms of dementia include memory loss, difficulty in communication and reasoning, and changes in mood and behavior. As it progresses, individuals may struggle with basic tasks, lose awareness of their surroundings, and may require full-time care.

While age is a significant risk factor, dementia is not a normal part of ageing, and its development can be influenced by genetical and lifestyle factors. Here are the 8 factors that could increase the risk of dementia, according to Delhi-based neurologist Ashok Shrivasta.

Age: The risk of dementia increases significantly with advancing age, particularly after 65, due to the cumulative effect of various risk factors over time and the natural ageing process. Ageing can lead to changes in the brain, such as the accumulation of abnormal proteins and the loss of neurons, contributing to cognitive decline.

Genetics and family history: A family history of dementia can increase the risk due to inherited genetic factors. Certain genes, like APOE-e4, are associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease. While genetics alone do not determine dementia, they can make individuals more susceptible, especially when combined with other risk factors.

Cardiovascular health: Cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and high cholesterol can impair blood flow to the brain, leading to vascular dementia. These conditions can cause damage to blood vessels, reducing oxygen and nutrient supply to brain cells, which is crucial for maintaining cognitive function.

Diabetes: Poorly managed diabetes can lead to high blood sugar levels, which can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of dementia. Diabetes can also cause inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which can negatively affect brain health. Managing blood sugar levels effectively can help mitigate these risks.

Lifestyle factors: Unhealthy lifestyle choices, including smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and a poor diet, can contribute to the development of dementia. These factors can lead to cardiovascular problems, obesity, and other health issues that increase the risk. Adopting a healthy lifestyle can help maintain brain health and reduce dementia risk.

Mental and cognitive health: Depression, social isolation, and low levels of cognitive engagement can raise the risk of dementia. Mental health issues can lead to reduced brain stimulation and increased stress, both of which can negatively impact cognitive function. Engaging in social and mentally stimulating activities can help maintain brain health.

Head injuries: Traumatic brain injuries, especially repeated injuries, can increase the risk of developing dementia. Such injuries can cause direct damage to brain tissue, leading to cognitive impairment. The risk is higher for individuals with a history of concussions or severe head trauma, emphasising the importance of preventing head injuries.

Environmental and occupational exposure: Exposure to pollutants, toxins, and hazardous substances in the environment or workplace can contribute to the risk of dementia. These substances can cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and damage to brain cells.