10 ways junk food  may damage the teenage brain

By Rajeshwaari Kalla | September 19, 2025 | Image: Canva

Disrupt brain wiring

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Junk food interferes with the functioning of the brain circuits, especially in areas for memory and decision-making

Seize reward system

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High-sugar, high-fat foods may overstimulate the dopamine reward pathway, making younger populations crave more and disrupting motivation for natural rewards like learning or hobbies

Weaken impulse control

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Poor diet can slow the development of the prefrontal cortex, the brain region responsible for resisting temptations and making decisions under pressure

Reduce cognitive flexibility

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Eating junk can impair the ability  to switch between tasks or think creatively, which is crucial for  real-life problem solving

Dampen memory retention

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Studies show high-fat and sugary diets decrease hippocampal function, leading to poorer memory formation

Trigger emotional instability

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Processed foods can mess with GABA and serotonin, two neurotransmitters that help regulate mood. This can increase the risk of anxiety and depression

Distort hunger cues

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Over time, junk food may rewire how teens perceive hunger and fullness, making it easier to overeat and harder to pay attention to the body’s signals

Delay brain maturity

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The adolescent brain is still in the development stage, and junk food can slow the neural pathways meant for complex thinking

Encourage lifelong habits

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Teen brains are more “plastic,”  so repeated junk food habits  during adolescence can embed  unhealthy patterns that can  stick well into adulthood

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