10 things to know about gastritis: Causes, stress factors, and stomach health

Definition and nature of gastritis
Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach is known as gastritis, which may either occur suddenly over a short period of time, or may present gradually over a long period. Such inflammation can be a result of irritants or infections, and in some cases, autoimmune reasons. (Image: Canva)

Stress and gastric physiology
It has been found that people who are under constant stress for prolonged time periods often face gastric issues. Chronic emotional or physical stress may lead to the disruption of stomach’s physiology, thus altering the usual mechanism of acid secretion. (Image: Canva)

Effects of long-term stress
Long-term stress has ill effects on the blood flow to the mucosa as well, and can hinder the repair of damaged tissues in the stomach. Stress-related gastritis is quite commonly seen in people who have been dealing with severe illness, but it may also occur in those with a lot of mental strain. (Image: Canva)

Role of spicy and acidic foods
While enjoying your meal is important, it is best to avoid foods that have extra spice or too much chilli. Over-indulgence of chilli and pepper, along with acidic foods may potentially irritate the lining of the stomach. This can further weaken the mucosa, and lead to ulcer formation. (Image: Canva)

Worsening due to alcohol and habits
Once the mucosa is ulcerated, any irregularities eating habit or excessive alcohol intake can also trigger the irritation, thus leading to symptoms characteristic of gastritis. A stomach with an ulcer becomes more vulnerable to inflammation and damage. (Image: Canva)

Helicobacter pylori infection
One of the most common causes of chronic ulcer is a bacterial infection known as Helicobacter pylori, which resides in the mucosal layer of the stomach. It has the ability to trigger inflammation and can even release toxins that affect the acid secreted. (Image: Canva)

Other Infectious and drug causes
However, bacteria may not be the only cause for gastritis. Other viral infections may also lead to a clinical presentation of chronic gastritis. Drug-induced gastritis is not uncommon either, and constant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (like aspirin), or other medications like corticosteroids can be a cause as well. (Image: Canva)

Symptoms and clinical features
Inflammation of the stomach lining can lead to various symptoms, like pain in the abdomen (which may be mild or severe), nausea and vomiting, indigestion, as well as a feeling of being bloated. Some individuals may also experience a burning sensation in the upper part of the abdomen. (Image: Canva)

Complications and long-term effects
People who have had gastritis for a long time can present with features of anemia (reduced haemoglobin in the bloodstream) like breathlessness on walking and pallor. Anemia results due to occult bleeding or underlying vitamin B12 deficiency in the diet (common in vegetarians). (Image: Canva)

Diagnosis and preventive measures
The diagnosis is usually made by taking an in-depth history. Investigations like upper gastrointestinal endoscopy may be recommended to visualise the mucosal inflammation and erosion. Stool tests and urea breath tests may be advised. Eating a balanced diet and staying away from smoking and alcohol can help. (Image: Canva)
Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis