Union Budget 2022 Summary: Presenting Budget 2022-23, Nirmala Sitharaman estimated India's total expenditure at Rs 39.45 lakh crore and projected fiscal deficit at 6.4% of GDP for FY23. What did the budget have for the middle class, taxpayer and investor? Here are the full details, packed with expert views, reported pieces and in-depth analyses.
Given that weapons systems are just another type of machines, India would rather master making these machines themselves, and then move on to those for military purposes
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Govt proposes to reduce promoter shareholdings, over 700 firms to be affected
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IndiaMART InterMESH surges 34% to close at Rs 1,302 on Day 1
From umbrellas, to unblended fuel to clothes, here is a list of all things that could make your pockets lighter, and heavier.
A CBDC is the digital form of fiat currency and will ease transactions. An RBI report had earlier described CBDC as something that will provides a safe, robust, and convenient alternative to physical cash.
Nirmala Sitharaman Finance Minister| Government of India
Ajay Bhushan Pandey Revenue Secretary
Tarun Bajaj Economic Affairs Secretary
Bajaj has helped shape three `Aatmanirbhar Bharat` sets of relief measures
Unlike past exercises, this year’s budget is conservative on many counts, including growth estimates and expenditure projections. The government has also resisted the temptation, again marking a departure, to launch populist measures to coax voters
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The sale of government's shares in public sector undertaking is called disinvestment.
The Vote on Account is a grant made in advance by the Parliament, allowing an outgoing government to incur expenses for the part of the year it will be in office.
A comprehensive report of the government's financial statements, containing all expenditures and revenues -- actual numbers for the year going by (revised estimates) and forecast numbers for the year ahead (budgeted estimates).
Indirect taxes are those paid by consumers when they buy goods and services. These include excise and customs duties. Customs duty is the charge levied when goods are imported into the country, and is paid by the importer or exporter. Excise duty is a levy paid by the manufacturer on items manufactured within the country. Usually, these charges are passed on to the consumer.
The Budget impacts the economy, the interest rate and the stock markets. How the finance minister spends and invests money affects the fiscal deficit. The extent of the deficit and the means of financing it influence the money supply and the interest rate in the economy. High interest rates mean higher cost of capital for the industry, lower profits and hence lower stock prices. The fiscal measures undertaken by the government affect public expenditure. For instance, an increase in direct taxes would decrease disposable income, thus reducing demand for goods. This decrease in demand will translate into a decrease in production, therefore affecting economic growth. Similarly, an increase in indirect taxes would also decrease demand. This is because indirect taxes are often partially or completely passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices. Higher prices imply a reduction in demand and this in turn would reduce profit margins of companies, thus slowing down production and growth. Non-plan expenditure like subsidies and defence also affect the economy as limited government resources are used for non-productive purposes.
There are two components of expenditure - plan and non-plan. Of these, plan expenditures are estimated after discussions between each of the ministries concerned and the Planning Commission. Non-plan revenue expenditure is accounted for by interest payments, subsidies (mainly on food and fertilisers), wage and salary payments to government employees, grants to States and Union Territories governments, pensions, police, economic services in various sectors, other general services such as tax collection, social services, and grants to foreign governments. Non-plan capital expenditure mainly includes defence, loans to public enterprises, loans to States, Union Territories and foreign governments.