(a) Statement of compliance
The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions of the
Companies Act, 2013 and the indian Accounting Standards (“ind AS”) notified under the Companies
(indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and amendments thereof issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs
in exercise of the powers conferred by section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013. in addition, the guidance
notes/announcements issued by the institute of Chartered Accountants of india (iCAi) are also applied except
where compliance with other statutory promulgations require a different treatment. These financials
statements have been approved for issue by the Board of Directors at its meeting held on May 10, 2019.
(b) Basis of accounting
The Company maintains its accounts on accrual basis following historical cost convention, except for
certain financial instruments that are measured at fair value in accordance with ind AS.
Fair value measurements are categorised as below, based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair
value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its
entirety:
(i) Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or
liabilities that the Company can access at measurement date;
(ii) Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included in level 1, that are observable for
the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and
(iii) Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the valuation of assets or liabilities.
Above levels of fair value hierarchy are applied consistently and generally, there are no transfers
between the levels of the fair value hierarchy unless the circumstances change warranting such transfer.
(c) Presentation of financial statements
The Balance Sheet and the Statement of Profit and Loss are prepared and presented in the format
prescribed in the Schedule iii to the Companies Act, 2013 (“the Act”). The Statement of Cash
Flows has been prepared and presented as per the requirements of ind AS 7 “Statement of Cash
Flows”. The disclosure requirements with respect to items in the Balance Sheet and Statement of Profit
and Loss, as prescribed in the Schedule iii to the Act, are presented by way of notes forming part of the
financial statements along with the other notes required to be disclosed under the notified Accounting
Standards and the SEBi (Listing obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015 as amended.
Amounts in the financial statements are presented in indian Rupees in crore [1 crore = 10 million]
rounded off to two decimal places as permitted by Schedule iii to the Companies Act, 2013. Per share data are
presented in indian Rupees to two decimals places.
(d) Operating cycle for current and non-current classification
Operating cycle for the business activities of the Company covers the duration of the specific
project/contract/product line/service including the defect liability period wherever applicable and extends
up to the realisation of receivables (including retention monies) within the agreed credit period normally
applicable to the respective lines of business.
(e) Revenue recognition
The Company has adopted ind AS 115 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” effective April 1,
2018. ind AS 115 supersedes ind AS 11 “Construction Contracts” and ind AS 18
“Revenue”. The Company has applied ind AS 115 using the modified retrospective method and the
cumulative impact of transition to ind AS 115 has been adjusted against the Retained earnings as at April 1,
2018. Accordingly, the figures of the previous year are not restated under ind AS 115.
The Company recognises revenue from contracts with customers when it satisfies a performance obligation
by transferring promised good or service to a customer. The revenue is recognised to the extent of
transaction price allocated to the performance obligation satisfied. Performance obligation is satisfied over
time when the transfer of control of asset (good or service) to a customer is done over time and in other
cases, performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time. For performance obligation satisfied over
time, the revenue recognition is done by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of performance
obligation. The progress is measured in terms of a proportion of actual cost incurred to-date, to the total
estimated cost attributable to the performance obligation.
Transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange
for transferring good or service to a customer excluding amounts collected on behalf of a third party.
Variable consideration is estimated using the expected value method or most likely amount as appropriate in a
given circumstance. Payment terms agreed with a customer are as per business practice and there is no
financing component involved in the transaction price.
Costs to obtain a contract which are incurred regardless of whether the contract was obtained are
charged-off in Profit & Loss immediately in the period in which such costs are incurred. incremental costs of
obtaining a contract, if any, and costs incurred to fulfil a contract are amortised over the period of
execution of the contract in proportion to the progress measured in terms of a proportion of actual cost
incurred to-date, to the total estimated cost attributable to the performance obligation.
Significant judgments are used in:
1. Determining the revenue to be recognised in case of performance obligation satisfied over a period
of time; revenue recognition is done by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction of performance
obligation. the progress is measured in terms of a proportion of actual cost incurred to-date, to the total
estimated cost attributable to the performance obligation.
2. Determining the expected losses, which are recognised in the period in which such losses become
probable based on the expected total contract cost as at the reporting date.
(i) Revenue from operations
Revenue for the periods upto June 30, 2017 includes excise duty collected from customers. Revenue from
July 1, 2017 onwards is exclusive of goods and service tax (GST) which subsumed excise duty. Revenue also
includes adjustments made towards liquidated damages and variation wherever applicable. Escalation and other
claims, which are not ascertainable/ acknowledged by customers are not taken into account.
A. Revenue from sale of goods including contracts for supply/commissioning of complex plant and
equipment is recognised as follows:
Revenue from sale of manufactured and traded goods is recognised when the control of the same is
transferred to the customer and it is probable that the Group will collect the consideration to which it is
entitled for the exchanged goods. Performance obligations in respect of contracts for sale of manufactured
and traded goods is considered as satisfied at a point in time when the control of the same is transferred to
the customer and where there is an alternative use of the asset or the company does not have either explicit
or implicit right of payment for performance completed till date. in case where there is no alternative use
of the asset and the company has either explicit or implicit right of payment considering legal precedents,
performance obligation is considered as satisfied over a period of time and revenue is recognized over
time.
B. Revenue from construction/project related activity is recognised as follows:
1. cost plus contracts: Revenue from cost plus contracts is recognized over time and is determined
with reference to the extent performance obligations have been satisfied. the amount of transaction price
allocated to the performance obligations satisfied represents the recoverable costs incurred during the
period plus the margin as agreed with the customer.
2. Fixed price contracts: contract revenue is recognised over time to the extent of performance
obligation satisfied and control is transferred to the customer, contract revenue is recognised at allocable
transaction price which represents the cost of work performed on the contract plus proportionate margin,
using the percentage of completion method. Percentage of completion is the proportion of cost of work
performed to-date, to the total estimated contract costs.
impairment loss (termed as provision for foreseeable losses in the financial statements) is recognized in
profit or loss to the extent the carrying amount of the contract asset exceeds the remaining amount of
consideration that the company expects to receive towards remaining performance obligations (after deducting
the costs that relate directly to fulfill such remaining performance obligations). in addition, the Group
recognises impairment loss (termed as provision for expected
credit loss on contract assets in the financial statements) on account of credit risk in respect of a
contract asset using expected credit loss model on similar basis as applicable to trade receivables.
For contracts where the aggregate of contract cost incurred to date plus recognised profits (or minus
recognised losses as the case may be) exceeds the progress billing, the surplus is shown as contract asset
and termed as “Due from customers”. For contracts where progress billing exceeds the aggregate of
contract costs incurred to-date plus recognised profits (or minus recognised losses, as the case may be), the
surplus is shown as contract liability and termed as “Due to customers”. Amounts received before
the related work is performed are disclosed in the Balance Sheet as contract liability and termed as
“Advances from customer”. The amounts billed on customer for work performed and are
unconditionally due for payment i.e only passage of time is required before payment falls due, are disclosed
in the Balance Sheet as trade receivables. The amount of retention money held by the customers pending
completion of performance milestone is disclosed as part of contract asset and is reclassified as trade
receivables when it becomes due for payment.
C. Revenue from property development activities:
(i) Effective April 1, 2018, Revenue from property development activities is recognised when
performance obligation is satisfied, customer obtains control of the property transferred and a reasonable
expectation of collection of the sale consideration from the customer exists. The costs incurred on property
development activities are carried as “inventories” till such time the aforesaid conditions are
fulfilled.
(ii) For the periods ended on or before March 31, 2018, the revenue from the property development
activities in the nature of a construction contract is recognised based on the ‘Percentage of
completion method’ (POC) when the outcome of the contract can be estimated reliably upon fulfillment of
all the following conditions:
1. all critical approvals necessary for commencement of the project have been obtained;
2. contract costs for work performed (excluding cost of land/developmental rights and borrowing cost)
constitute at least 25% of the estimated total contract costs representing a reasonable level of
development;
3. at least 25% of the saleable project area is secured by contracts or agreements with buyers;
and
4. at least 10% of the total revenue as per the agreements of sale or any other legally enforceable
documents is realised at the reporting date in respect of each of the contracts and the parties to such
contracts can be reasonably expected to comply with the contractual payment terms.
The costs incurred on property development activities are carried as “inventories” till such
time the outcome of the project cannot be estimated reliably and all the aforesaid conditions are fulfilled.
When the outcome of the project can be ascertained reliably and all the aforesaid conditions are fulfilled,
revenue from property development activity is recognised at cost incurred plus proportionate margin, using
percentage of completion method. Percentage of completion is determined based on the proportion of actual
cost incurred to date to the total estimated cost of the project. For the purpose of computing percentage of
construction, cost of land, developmental rights and borrowing costs are excluded.
Expected loss, if any, on the project is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is foreseen,
irrespective of the stage of completion of the contract
D. Revenue from rendering of services is recognised over time as and when the customer receives the
benefit of the company’s performance and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for services
transferred.
Unbilled revenue represents value of services performed in accordance with the contract terms but not
billed.
E. Revenue from contracts for rendering of engineering design services and other services which are
directly related to the construction of an asset is recognised on the same basis as stated in (B) supra.
F. Commission income is recognised as and when the terms of the contract are fulfilled.
G. Other operational revenue represents income earned from the activities incidental to the business
and is recognised when the performance obligation is satisfied and right to receive the income is established
as per the terms of the contract.
(ii) Other income
A. interest income on investments and loans is accrued on a time basis by reference to the principal
outstanding and the effective interest rate including interest on investments classified as fair value
through profit or loss or fair value through other Comprehensive income. interest receivable on customer dues
is recognised as income in the Statement of Profit and Loss on accrual basis provided there is no uncertainty
towards its realisation.
B. Dividend income is accounted in the period in which the right to receive the same is
established.
C. Government grants, which are revenue in nature and are towards compensation for the qualifying
costs, incurred by the Company, are recognised as other income in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the
period in which such costs are incurred. Government grant receivable in the form duty credit scrips is
recognised as other income in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the application is made
to the government authorities and to the extent there is no uncertainty towards its receipt.
D. other items of income are accounted as and when the right to receive such income arises and it is
probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured
reliably.
(f) Exceptional items
An item of income or expense which by its size, type or incidence requires disclosure in order to improve
an understanding of the performance of the Company is treated as an exceptional item and disclosed as such in
the financial statements.
(g) Property, plant and equipment (PPE)
PPE is recognised when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to
the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. PPE is stated at original cost net of tax/duty
credits availed, if any, less accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment, if any. PPE acquired on
hire purchase basis are recognised at their cash values. Cost includes professional fees related to the
acquisition of PPE and for qualifying assets, borrowing costs are capitalised in accordance with the
Company’s accounting policy.
Own manufactured PPE is capitalised at cost including an appropriate share of overheads. Administrative
and other general overhead expenses that are specifically attributable to construction or acquisition of PPE
or bringing the PPE to working condition are allocated and capitalised as a part of the cost of the PPE.
PPE not ready for the intended use on the date of the Balance Sheet are disclosed as “capital
work-in-progress”. (Also refer to policy on leases, borrowing costs, impairment of assets and foreign
currency transactions infra).
Depreciation is recognised using straight line method so as to write off the cost of the assets (other
than freehold land and properties under construction) less their residual values over their useful lives
specified in Schedule ii to the Companies Act, 2013, or in the case of assets where the useful life was
determined by technical evaluation, over the useful life so determined.
Depreciation method is reviewed at each financial year end to reflect the expected pattern of consumption
of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset. The estimated useful life and residual values are also
reviewed at each financial year end and the effect of any change in the estimates of useful life/residual
value is accounted on prospective basis.
Where cost of a part of the asset (“asset component”) is significant to total cost of the
asset and useful life of that part is different from the useful life of the remaining asset, useful life of
that significant part is determined separately and such asset component is depreciated over its separate
useful life.
Depreciation on additions to/deductions from, owned assets is calculated pro rata to the period of use.
Extra shift depreciation is provided on a location basis.
Depreciation charge for impaired assets is adjusted in future periods in such a manner that the revised
carrying amount of the asset is allocated over its remaining useful life.
Assets acquired under finance leases are depreciated on a straight line basis over the lease term. Where
there is reasonable certainty that the Company shall obtain ownership of the assets at the end of the lease
term, such assets are depreciated based on the useful life adopted by the Company for similar assets.
Freehold land is not depreciated.
(h) Investment property
Properties, including those under construction, held to earn rentals and/or capital appreciation are
classified as investment property and are measured and reported at cost, including transaction costs.
Depreciation is recognised using straight line method so as to write off the cost of the investment
property less their residual values over their useful lives specified in Schedule ii to the companies Act,
2013 or in the case of assets where the useful life was determined by technical evaluation, over the useful
life so determined. Depreciation method is reviewed at each financial year end to reflect the expected
pattern of consumption of the future benefits embodied in the investment property. the estimated useful life
and residual values are also reviewed at each financial year end and the effect of any change in the
estimates of useful life/ residual value is accounted on prospective basis. Freehold land and properties
under construction are not depreciated.
An investment property is derecognised upon disposal or when the investment property is permanently
withdrawn from use and no future economic benefits are expected from the disposal. Any gain or loss arising
on derecognition of property is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the same period.
(i) Intangible assets
Intangible assets are recognised when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are
attributable to the asset will flow to the company and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably.
intangible assets are stated at original cost net of tax/duty credits availed, if any, less accumulated
amortisation and cumulative impairment. Administrative and other general overhead expenses that are
specifically attributable to acquisition of intangible assets are allocated and capitalised as a part of the
cost of the intangible assets.
Research and development expenditure on new products:
(i) Expenditure on research is expensed under respective heads of account in the period in which it is
incurred.
(ii) Development expenditure on new products is capitalised as intangible asset, if all of the
following can be demonstrated:
A. the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use
or sale;
B. the company has intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it; c. the company has
ability to use or sell the intangible asset;
D. the manner in which the probable future economic benefits will be generated including the existence
of a market for output of the intangible asset or intangible asset itself or if it is to be used internally,
the usefulness of intangible assets;
E. the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development
and to use or sell the intangible asset; and
F. the company has ability to reliably measure the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset
during its development. Development expenditure that does not meet the above criteria is expensed in the
period in which it is incurred.
Intangible assets not ready for the intended use on the date of the Balance Sheet are disclosed as
“intangible assets under development”.
Intangible assets are amortised on straight line basis over the estimated useful life. the method of
amortisation and useful life are reviewed at the end of each financial year with the effect of any changes in
the estimate being accounted for on prospective basis.
Amortisation on impaired assets is provided by adjusting the amortisation charge in the remaining periods
so as to allocate the asset’s revised carrying amount over its remaining useful life.
(j) Impairment of assets
As at the end of each financial year, the company reviews the carrying amounts of its PPE, investment
property, intangible assets and investments in subsidiary, associate and joint venture companies to determine
whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. if such indication exists,
PPE, investment property, intangible assets and investments are tested for impairment so as to determine the
impairment loss, if any. intangible assets with indefinite life are tested for impairment each year.
Impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.
Recoverable amount is determined:
(i) in the case of an individual asset, at the higher of the net selling price and the value in use;
and
(ii) in the case of a cash generating unit (the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates
independent cash flows), at the higher of the cash generating unit’s net selling price and the value in
use.
The amount of value in use is determined as the present value of estimated future cash flows from the
continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. For this purpose, the
discount rate (pre-tax) is determined based on the weighted average cost of capital of the Company suitably
adjusted for risks specified to the estimated cash flows of the asset.
if recoverable amount of an asset (or cash generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying
amount, such deficit is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as impairment loss and the
carrying amount of the asset (or cash generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount.
When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash generating unit)
is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, such that the increased carrying amount does
not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss is recognised for the
asset (or cash generating unit) in prior Year A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in
the Statement of Profit and Loss.
(k) Employee Benefits
(i) Short term employee benefits:
Employee benefits such as salaries, wages, short term compensated absences, expected cost of bonus,
ex-gratia and performance-linked rewards falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are
classified as short term employee benefits and are expensed in the period in which the employee renders the
related service.
(ii) Post-employment benefits:
A. Defined contribution plans: The Company’s superannuation scheme, state governed provident
fund scheme, employee state insurance scheme and employee pension scheme are defined contribution plans. The
contribution paid/payable under such schemes is recognised during the period in which the employee renders
the related service.
B. Defined benefit plans: The employees’ gratuity fund schemes and employee provident fund
schemes managed by board of trustees established by the Company, the post-retirement medical care plan and
the Company pension plan represent defined benefit plans. The present value of the obligation under defined
benefit plans is determined based on actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method.
The obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash flows using a discount rate
based on the market yield on government securities of a maturity period equivalent to the weighted average
maturity profile of the defined benefit obligations at the Balance Sheet date.
Re-measurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding amounts
included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability or asset) and any change in the effect of asset
ceiling (if applicable) is recognised in Other Comprehensive income and is reflected in Retained earnings and
the same is not eligible to be reclassified to Profit or Loss.
Defined benefit costs comprising current service cost, past service cost and gains or losses on
settlements are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as employee benefits expense. interest cost
implicit in defined benefit employee cost is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss under finance
cost. Gains or losses on settlement of any defined benefit plan are recognised when the settlement occurs.
Past service cost is recognised as expense at the earlier of the plan amendment or curtailment and when the
company recognises related restructuring costs or termination benefits.
In case of funded plans, the fair value of the plan assets is reduced from the gross obligation under the
defined benefit plans to recognise the obligation on a net basis.
(iii) Long term employee benefits:
The obligation recognised in respect of long term benefits such as compensated absences, long service
award etc. is measured at present value of estimated future cash flows expected to be made by the Company and
is recognised in a similar manner as in the case of defined benefit plans vide (ii)(B) supra.
Long term employee benefit costs comprising current service cost and gains or losses on curtailments and
settlements, re-measurements including actuarial gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit
and Loss as employee benefit expenses. interest cost implicit in long term employee benefit cost is
recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss under finance cost.
(iv) Termination benefits:
Termination benefits such as compensation under employee separation schemes are recognised as expense
when the Company’s offer of the termination benefit is accepted or when the Company recognises the
related restructuring costs whichever is earlier.
(l) Leases
The determination of whether an agreement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the
agreement at the date of inception.
(i) Finance leases:
A. Assets taken under finance lease are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the lower of
the fair value or the present value of minimum lease payments and a liability is created for an equivalent
amount. Each lease rental paid is allocated between the liability and the interest cost, so as to obtain a
constant periodic rate of interest on the outstanding liability for each period.
B. Leases where the Company has substantially transferred all the risks and rewards of ownership of
the related assets to the lessee are classified as finance leases. Assets given under a finance lease are
recognised as a receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease. Lease income is recognised
over the period of the lease so as to yield a constant rate of return on the net investment in the lease.
(ii) operating leases:
The leases which are not classified as finance lease are operating leases.
A. Lease rentals on assets taken under operating lease are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss
on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease.
B. Assets leased out under operating leases are continued to be shown under the respective class of
assets. Rental income is recognised on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease.
(Also refer to policy on depreciation, supra)
(m) Financial instruments
Financial assets and/or financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes party to a contract
embodying the related financial instruments. All financial assets, financial liabilities and financial
guarantee contracts are initially measured at transaction values and where such values are different from the
fair value, at fair value. Transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial
assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through
profit or loss) are added to or deducted from as the case may be, the fair value of such financial assets or
liabilities, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial
assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in Profit or
Loss.
In case of funding to subsidiary companies in the form of interest free or concession loans and
preference shares, the excess of the actual amount of the funding over initially measured fair value is
accounted as an equity investment.
A financial asset and a financial liability is offset and presented on net basis in the balance sheet
when there is a current legally enforceable right to set-off the recognised amounts and it is intended to
either settle on net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
(i) Financial assets:
A. All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety either at amortised cost
or at fair value depending on the classification of the financial assets as follows:
1. investments in debt instruments that are designated as fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) - at
fair value. Debt instruments at FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments, if any, and all changes
are recognised in Profit or Loss.
2. investments in debt instruments that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at
amortised cost (unless the same designated as fair value through profit or loss):
- The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets in order to collect
contractual cash flows; and
- The contractual terms of instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely
payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
3. investment in debt instruments that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at fair
value through other comprehensive income [FVTOci] (unless the same are designated as fair value through profit
or loss)
- The asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved both by collecting contractual
cash flows and selling financial assets; and
- The contractual terms of instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely
payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
4. investment in equity instruments issued by subsidiary, associate and joint venture companies are
measured at cost less impairment.
5. investment in preference shares of the subsidiary companies are treated as equity instruments if
the same are convertible into equity shares or are redeemable out of the proceeds of equity instruments
issued for the purpose of redemption of such investments. investment in preference shares not meeting the
aforesaid conditions are classified as debt instruments at FVTPL.
6. investments in equity instruments issued by other than subsidiaries are classified as at FVTPL,
unless the related instruments are not held for trading and the company irrevocably elects on initial
recognition to present subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income.
B. For financial assets that are measured at FVTOG, income by way of interest and dividend, provision for
impairment and exchange difference, if any, (on debt instrument) are recognised in Profit or Loss and changes
in fair value (other than on account of above income or expense) are recognised in other comprehensive income
and accumulated in other equity. on disposal of debt instruments at FVTOG, the cumulative gain or loss
previously accumulated in other equity is reclassified to Profit or Loss. in case of equity instruments at
FVTOG, such cumulative gain or loss is not reclassified to Profit or Loss on disposal of investments.
c. A financial asset is primarily derecognised when:
1. the right to receive cash flows from the asset has expired, or
2. the company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an
obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a
pass-through arrangement; and (a) the company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the
asset, or (b) the company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the
asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the carrying amount
measured at the date of derecognition and the consideration received is recognised in Profit or Loss.
D. impairment of financial assets: the company recognises impairment loss on trade receivables using
expected credit loss model, which involves use of a provision matrix constructed on the basis of historical
credit loss experience as permitted under ind AS 109. impairment loss on investments is recognised when the
carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount.
(ii) Financial liabilities:
A. Financial liabilities, including derivatives and embedded derivatives, which are designated for
measurement at FVTPL are subsequently measured at fair value. Financial guarantee contracts are subsequently
measured at the amount of impairment loss allowance or the amount recognised at inception net of cumulative
amortisation, whichever is higher.
All other financial liabilities including loans and borrowings are measured at amortised cost using
Effective interest Rate (EiR) method.
B. A financial liability is derecognised when the related obligation expires or is discharged or
cancelled.
(iii) The Company designates certain hedging instruments, such as derivatives, embedded derivatives
and in respect of foreign currency risk, certain non-derivatives, as either fair value hedges, cash flow
hedges or hedges of net investments in foreign operations. Hedges of foreign exchange risk on firm
commitments are accounted as cash flow hedges.
A. Fair value hedges: Changes in fair value of the designated portion of derivatives that qualify as
fair value hedges are recognised in Profit or Loss immediately, together with any changes in the fair value
of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk.
Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or
exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. The fair value adjustment to the carrying
amount of the hedged item arising from the hedged risk is amortised to Profit or Loss from that date.
B. Cash flow hedges: in case of transaction related hedges, the effective portion of changes in the
fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognised in other
Comprehensive income and accumulated in equity as “Hedging reserve”. The gain or loss relating to
the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in Profit or Loss. Amounts previously recognised in other
Comprehensive income and accumulated in equity relating to the effective portion, are reclassified to Profit
or Loss in the periods when the hedged item affects Profit or Loss, in the same head as the hedged item. The
effective portion of the hedge is determined at the lower of the cumulative gain or loss on the hedging
instrument from inception of the hedge and the cumulative change in the fair value of the hedged item from
the inception of the hedge and the remaining gain or loss on the hedging instrument is treated as ineffective
portion.
In case of time period related hedges, the premium element and the spot element of a forward contract is
separated and only the change in the value of the spot element of the forward contract is designated as the
hedging instrument. Similarly, wherever applicable, the foreign currency basis spread is separated from the
financial instrument and is excluded from the designation of that financial instrument as the hedging
instrument in case of time period related hedges. The changes in the fair value of the premium element of the
forward contract or the foreign currency basis spread of the financial instrument is accumulated in a separate
component of equity as “Cost of hedging reserve”. The changes in the fair value of such premium
element or foreign currency basis spread are reclassified to Profit or Loss as a reclassification adjustment
on a straight line basis over the period of the forward contract or the financial instrument.
Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or
exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain or loss recognised in other
Comprehensive income and accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognised when the
forecast transaction is ultimately recognised in Profit or Loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer
expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognised immediately in Profit or Loss.
(iv) Compound financial instruments issued by the Company which can be converted into fixed number of
equity shares at the option of the holders irrespective of changes in the fair value of the instrument are
accounted by separately recognising the liability and the equity components. The liability component is
initially recognised at the fair value of a comparable liability that does not have an equity conversion
option. The equity component is initially recognised at the difference between the fair value of the compound
financial instrument as a whole and the fair value of the liability component. The directly attributable
transaction costs are allocated to the liability and the equity components in proportion to their initial
carrying amounts. Subsequent to initial recognition, the liability component of the compound financial
instrument is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The equity component of a
compound financial instrument is not remeasured subsequently.
(n) Inventories
Inventories are valued after providing for obsolescence, as under:
(i) Raw materials, components, construction materials, stores, spares and loose tools at lower of
weighted average cost or net realisable value. However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost
if the finished products in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost.
(ii) Manufacturing work-in-progress at lower of weighted average cost including related overheads or
net realisable value. in some cases, manufacturing work-in-progress are valued at lower of specifically
identifiable cost or net realisable value. in the case of qualifying assets, cost also includes applicable
borrowing costs vide policy relating to borrowing costs.
(iii) Finished goods and stock-in-trade (in respect of goods acquired for trading) at lower of
weighted average cost or net realisable value.
(iv) Completed property/work-in-progress (including land) in respect of property development activity at
lower of specifically identifiable cost or net realisable value.
Assessment of net realisable value is made at each reporting period end and when the circumstances that
previously caused inventories to be written-down below cost no longer exist or when there is clear evidence
of an increase in net realisable value because of changed economic circumstances, the write-down, if any, in
the past period is reversed to the extent of the original amount written-down so that the resultant carrying
amount is the lower of the cost and the revised net realisable value.
(o) Cash and bank balances
Cash and bank balances also include fixed deposits, margin money deposits, earmarked balances with banks
and other bank balances which have restrictions on repatriation. Short term and liquid investments being
subject to more than insignificant risk of change in value, are not included as part of cash and bank
balances.
(p) Securities premium
(i) Securities premium includes:
A. The difference between the face value of the equity shares and the consideration received in
respect of shares issued.
B. The fair value of the stock options which are treated as expense, if any, in respect of shares
allotted pursuant to Stock Options Scheme.
(ii) The issue expenses of securities which qualify as equity instruments are written off against
Securities premium.
(q) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs include finance costs calculated using the effective interest method, finance charges in
respect of assets acquired on finance lease and exchange differences arising on foreign currency borrowings
to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to finance costs. in cases where hedging instruments are
acquired for protection against exchange rate risk related to borrowings and are accounted as hedging a
time-period related hedge item, the borrowing costs also include the amortization of premium element of the
forward contract and foreign currency basis spread as applicable, over the period of the hedging
instrument.
Borrowing costs net of any investment income from the temporary investment of related borrowings that are
attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised/inventoried
as part of cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying
asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or
sale. All other borrowing costs are recognised in Profit or Loss in the period in which they are incurred.
(r) share-based payment arrangements
The stock options granted to employees pursuant to the Company’s Stock Options Schemes, are
measured at the fair value of the options at the grant date. The fair value of the options is treated as
discount and accounted as employee compensation cost over the vesting period on a straight line basis. The
amount recognised as expense in each year is arrived at based on the number of grants expected to vest. if a
grant lapses after the vesting period, the cumulative discount recognised as expense in respect of such grant
is transferred to the General reserve within equity.
The fair value of the stock options granted to employees of the Company by the Company’s
subsidiaries is accounted as employee compensation cost over the vesting period and where such fair value is
not recovered by the subsidiaries, the same is treated as dividend declared by them. The share based payment
equivalent to the fair value as on the date of grant of employee stock options granted to key managerial
personnel is disclosed as a related party transaction in the year of grant.
(s) Foreign currencies
(i) The functional currency and presentation currency of the company is indian Rupee.
(ii) Transactions in currencies other than the Company’s functional currency are recorded on
initial recognition using the exchange rate at the transaction date. At each Balance Sheet date, foreign
currency monetary items are reported at the closing spot rate. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms
of historical cost in foreign currency are not retranslated. Exchange differences that arise on settlement of
monetary items or on reporting of monetary items at each Balance Sheet date at the closing spot rate are
recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise except for:
A. exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under construction for future
productive use, which are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to
finance costs on those foreign currency borrowings; and
B. exchange differences on transactions entered into in order to hedge certain foreign currency
risks.
(iii) Exchange rate as of the date on which the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability is
recognised on payment or receipt of advance consideration is used for initial recognition of related asset,
expense or income.
(iv) Financial statements of foreign operations whose functional currency is different than indian
Rupees are translated into indian Rupees as follows:
A. assets and liabilities for each Balance Sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the
date of that Balance Sheet;
B. income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates; and
c. all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in
equity as “Foreign currency translation reserve” for subsequent reclassification to Profit or
Loss on disposal of such foreign operations.
(t) Accounting and reporting of information for Operating Segments
Operating segments are those components of the business whose operating results are regularly reviewed by
the chief operating decision making body in the company to make decisions for performance assessment and
resource allocation.
The reporting of segment information is the same as provided to the management for the purpose of the
performance assessment and resource allocation to the segments.
Segment accounting policies are in line with the accounting policies of the company. in addition, the
following specific accounting policies have been followed for segment reporting:
i) Segment revenue includes sales and other operational revenue directly identifiable with/allocable
to the segment including inter segment revenue.
ii) Expenses that are directly identifiable with/allocable to segments are considered for determining
the segment result.
iii) most of the centrally incurred costs are allocated to segments mainly on the basis of their
respective expected segment revenue estimated at the beginning of the reported period.
iv) income which relates to the company as a whole and not allocable to segments is included in
“unallocable corporate income/ (expenditure)(net)”.
v) Segment result includes margins on inter-segment capital jobs, which are reduced in arriving at the
profit before tax of the company.
vi) Segment result includes the finance costs incurred on interest bearing advances with corresponding
credit included in “unallocable corporate income/(expenditure)(net).
vii) Segment results have not been adjusted for the exceptional item attributable to the corresponding
segment. The said exceptional item has been included in “unallocable corporate
income/(expenditure)(net)”. The corresponding segment assets have been carried under the respective
segments without adjusting the exceptional item.
viii) Segment assets and liabilities include those directly identifiable with the respective segments.
Unallocable corporate assets and liabilities represent the assets and liabilities that relate to the company
as a whole.
ix) Segment non-cash expenses forming part of segment expenses includes the fair value of the employee
stock options which is accounted as employee compensation cost [Note 1(r) supra] and is allocated to the
segment.
x) Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business segments is accounted on the basis
of transfer price which are either determined to yield a desired margin or agreed on a negotiated basis.
(u) Taxes on income
Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of taxable income and tax credits
computed in accordance with the provisions of the income Tax Act,1961 and based on the expected outcome of
assessments/appeals.
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities in the Company’s financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in computation
of taxable profit and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as at the
Balance Sheet date.
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences including the
temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, and interests in joint
ventures, except where the company is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is
probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences to the extent that is
probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be
utilised. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and
reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to
allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets relating to unabsorbed depreciation/business losses/losses under the head
“capital gains” are recognised and carried forward to the extent of available taxable temporary
differences or where there is convincing other evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of reporting period, to recover or settle the
carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Transaction or event which is recognised outside Profit or Loss, either in other Comprehensive income or
in equity, is recorded along with the tax as applicable.
(v) Interests in joint operations
The Company as a joint operator recognises in relation to its interest in a joint operation, its share in
the assets/liabilities held/ incurred jointly with the other parties of the joint arrangement. Revenue is
recognised for its share of revenue from the sale of output by the joint operation. Expenses are recognised
for its share of expenses incurred jointly with other parties as part of the joint arrangement.
Interests in joint operations are included in the segments to which they relate.
(w) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
Provisions are recognised only when:
(i) the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event;
(ii) it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to
settle the obligation; and
(iii) a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
Provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation and when the effect
of time value of money is material, the carrying amount of the provision is the present value of those cash
flows. Reimbursement expected in respect of expenditure required to settle a provision is recognised only
when it is virtually certain that the reimbursement will be received.
Contingent liability is disclosed in case of:
(i) a present obligation arising from past events, when it is not probable that an outflow of
resources will be required to settle the obligation; and
(ii) a present obligation arising from past events, when no reliable estimate is possible. Contingent
assets are disclosed where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.
Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.
Where the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits
expected to be received under such contract, the present obligation under the contract is recognised and
measured as a provision.
(x) Commitments
Commitments are future liabilities for contractual expenditure, classified and disclosed as follows:
(i) estimated amount of contracts remaining to be executed on capital account and not provided
for;
(ii) uncalled liability on shares and other investments partly paid;
(iii) funding related commitment to subsidiary, associate and joint venture companies; and
(iv) other non-cancellable commitments, if any, to the extent they are considered material and
relevant in the opinion of management.
Other commitments related to sales/procurements made in the normal course of business are not disclosed
to avoid excessive details.
(y) Non-current assets held for sale
Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount is
intended to be recovered principally through a sale (rather than through continuing use) when the asset (or
disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual
and customary for sale of such asset (or disposal group) and the sale is highly probable and is expected to
qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification.
Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at lower of their
carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.
(z) statement of Cash Flows
Statement of Cash Flows is prepared segregating the cash flows into operating, investing and financing
activities. Cash flow from operating activities is reported using indirect method, adjusting the profit
before tax excluding exceptional items for the effects of:
(i) changes during the period in inventories and operating receivables and payables transactions of a
non-cash nature;
(ii) non-cash items such as depreciation, provisions, unrealised foreign currency gains and losses;
and
(iii) all other items for which the cash effects are investing or financing cash flows.
Cash and cash equivalents (including bank balances) shown in the Statement of Cash Flows exclude items
which are not available for general use as at the date of Balance Sheet.
(aa) Key sources of estimation
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with ind AS requires that the management of the
Company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income and expenses of the period,
the reported balances of assets and liabilities and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of
the date of the financial statements. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing
basis. Revisions to accounting estimates include useful lives of property, plant and equipment & intangible
assets, allowance for expected credit loss, future obligations in respect of retirement benefit plans,
expected cost of completion of contracts, provision for rectification costs, fair value measurement etc.
Difference, if any, between the actual results and estimates is recognised in the period in which the results
are known.
(ab) Business Combination
Common control business combination where the Company is transferee is accounted using the pooling of
interest method. Assets and liabilities of the combining entities are reflected at their carrying amounts and
no new asset or liability is recognised. identity of reserves of the transferor company is preserved by
reflecting them in the same form in the Company’s financial statements in which they appeared in the
financial statement of the transferor company. The excess between the amount of consideration paid over the
share capital of the transferor company is recognised as a negative amount and the same is disclosed as
capital reserve on business combination.
The information in the financial statements of the prior period is restated from the date of business
combination in case the business combination is approved by statutory authority in the subsequent period.
26 (2.03%)