How did Gujarat Become a Farming Paradise?

Modi, in his second year in power, ordered the uninterrupted supply of quality power to farms for three-phase pumps for at least four hours a day, but only in night. This ensured that farmers could use the pumps only for a limited time and had to make the most of it. During the day, industry got quality power. The scope for power theft reduced. Farmer groups were initially angry with the changes, but came around after some persuasion.

The government was still painfully aware that the key bottleneck would be availability of water. Higher water tables and taller dams could go only so far. The real need was to save water and use it more efficiently. There was a need to champion micro irrigation. That's when the government formed Gujarat Green Revolution Company (GGRC).

The new company adopted a twin strategy. First, it made the subsidy for micro irrigation available to all farmers, not just the poor ones. The initial investment to install the plumbing for micro irrigation could be prohibitive. Even after the subsidy, it would come to a big sum and poor farmers would hesitate to make that investment. But for the richer ones, the subsidy made it a compelling proposition and they jumped in. This, in turn, showed the way for poorer farmers who followed.

Second, GGRC tightened norms for the subsidy scheme ensuring that companies didn't sell pipes  and move on to clinch more sales. It insisted that micro irrigation technology providers also offer extension services. To ensure compliance, it introduced a series of norms - like how many agronomists must be employed for a given expanse of land, how many field visits the experts must make and even the price at which the systems could be sold. "The farmer needs handholding," says C.L.N. Rao, head agronomist with Netafim India, market leader for micro irrigation systems in the state. "And once a farmer sees money coming in... [the farmer] becomes the champion for other farmers as well."

Now there is even talk in Gujarat that the government will order that power connections will be granted only if a farm has micro irrigation facilities. This is so because drip, sprinkling and spraying systems that come under the definition of micro irrigation deliver water very close to the plant or even to the roots. They avoid delivering water where it is not needed, thus reducing the growth of weeds. They don't allow water to seep too deep into earth.

Gujarat is also studying a policy adopted in Raipur, where electricity tariffs for pumps of more than five horsepower invite the higher industry-level tariffs and the smaller pumps enjoy the subsidised agricultural tariffs. This is to encourage farmers to draw less water. It is also aimed at making sure all farms get irrigated, not only those owned by rich farmers.

Micro irrigation is spreading fast across Gujarat. Back in the Dolpur farm of the Patel brothers, a modern drip irrigation system is at work. They have had to pay the full price for it because they chose to go in for micro irrigation before the subsidy scheme was set in motion. The brothers bring scientific knowledge of soil, water and weather to their farming practices. They have even built a small soil and water analysis laboratory. "We know that while one well would normally irrigate three to four acres, using newer automated techniques, we could irrigate 15-20 acres," says Jitesh Patel. The modern systems have made sure that the four hours of power are plenty for their large farm. "We sleep better, have saved on labour and also on water," he says adding, quite proudly, "We now enjoy a higher status in society."

By: RN Bhaskar

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