The financial statements are prepared to comply in all material aspects
with the applicable accounting principles in India, the Accounting
Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and
the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The significant
accounting policies are as follows:
1. Basis of Accounting:
The Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with the historical
cost convention.
2. Use of Estimates:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in India requires management to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities as
at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could
differ from these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is
recognised prospectively in current and future periods.
3. Fixed Assets, including Intangible Assets / Capital
Work-in-Progress:
Fixed assets including intangible assets are stated at cost less
accumulated depreciation. Cost of acquisition or construction is
inclusive of freight, duties, taxes, incidental expenses and financing
cost of borrowed funds relating to acquisition of fixed assets up to
the date of commissioning / commercial exploitation of assets.
Capital Work-in-Progress is carried at cost, comprising direct cost
related incidental expenses and interest on borrowings there against.
4. Depreciation / Amortisation:
Tangibles:
Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on straight-line method in
accordance with the rates specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies
Act, 1956.
Leasehold improvements incurred on rented premises are written off over
a period of three years.
Intangibles:
Cost of software is amortised over a period of five years. Goodwill
purchased is amortised on a pro-rata basis from the month of
acquisition over a period of ten years.
5. Investments:
Investments are stated at ''cost''. A provision for diminution is made to
recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long term
investments. Current investments are valued at lower of cost or net
fair value.
An investment in the shares of subsidiary Companies outside India is
stated at cost by converting at the rate of exchange at the time of
their acquisition.
6. Valuation of Inventories:
Materials, Stores and Spares are valued at cost on First In First Out
Basis.
Work-in-Progress, finished goods and trading goods are valued at cost
or realisable value whichever is lower.
Goods-in-transit are valued at cost. In respect of goods undergoing
customs clearance, no provision has been made for the customs duty
liability. However, this practice does not have any impact on the
profit for the period.
7. Foreign Exchange Fluctuations :
Transactions in Foreign Currency are recorded at the exchange rate
prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities
relating to foreign currency transactions remaining unsettled at the
end of the year are translated at the year-end rates. The differences
in translation of monetary assets and liabilities and realised gains
and losses on foreign exchange transactions are recognised in the
Profit and Loss account.
8. Revenue Recognition:
Sales are recognised when goods are supplied in accordance with the
terms of sale and are recorded net of trade discounts, rebates and
sales tax. Income from services is accrued as per terms of relevant
agreement.
Income and Expenditure are accounted on an accrual basis. Dividend
income is recognised when the right to receive dividend is established.
Amount received from the customers for admitting them as member of
Company''s various schemes are credited to revenue account in the year
in which membership is allotted.
9. Retirement Benefits:
i. Contribution to defined contribution schemes such as Provident Fund
and Employer''s Pension Scheme is charged to the Profit and Loss
account.
ii. Payments to the employees'' Gratuity Trust Fund, after taking into
account the funds available with the trustees of the Gratuity Fund, is
based on actuarial valuation carried out at the end of the year.
Actuarial gains or losses arising from such valuation are charged to
revenue in the year in which they arise.
iii. Provision for leave encashment has been accrued and provided for
at the end of the financial year, on the basis of actuarial valuation.
Actuarial gains or loss arising from such valuation are charged to
revenue in the year in which they arise.
10. Taxation:
i. Provision for Income Tax is made under the liability method after
availing exemptions and deductions at the rates applicable under the
Income Tax Act, 1961.
ii. Deferred tax is recognized, subject to the consideration of
prudence, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable
income and accounting income that originate in one period and are
capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods is accounted for
using the tax rates and laws that has been enacted as of the Balance
Sheet date.
iii. Deferred Tax Assets are recognized on unabsorbed depreciation and
carried forward of losses based on virtual certainty that sufficient
future taxable income will be available against which such Deferred Tax
Assets can be realized.
11. Impairment of Assets:
The carrying amount of assets is reviewed periodically for any
indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An
impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset
exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater
of the assets net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in
use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present
value at the weighted average cost of capital. Post impairment,
depreciation is provided on the revised carrying value of the asset
over its remaining useful life.
12. Borrowing Costs:
Interest and other costs in connection with the borrowing of the funds
to the extent related / attributed to the acquisition / construction of
qualifying fixed assets are capitalised upto the date when such assets
are ready for its intended use and other borrowing costs are charged to
the Profit & Loss Account.
13. Provisions for Contingencies: A provision is recognised when:
i. The company has a present obligation as a result of a past event;
ii. It is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic
benefits which will be required to settle the obligation; and
iii. A reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a
possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will
not, require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible
obligation or a present obligation that the likelihood of outflow of
resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
The Company provides for warranty cost based on a technical estimate of
the costs required to be incurred for repairs, replacement, material
cost, servicing and past experience in respect of warranty costs. It is
expected that this expenditure will be incurred over the contractual
warranty period.
14. Accounting of Lease:
i. Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the
risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense
in the profit and loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease
term unless there is another systematic basis which is more
representative of the time pattern of the Lease.
ii. Assets given under operating leases are included in Fixed Assets.
Lease income is recognised in the Profit and Loss account on Straight
Line basis over the lease term, unless there is another systematic
basis which is more representative of the time pattern of the Lease.
15. Accounting of Employee Stock Option Scheme:
In respect of options granted during any accounting period, intrinsic
value (excess of market price of share over the exercise price or the
option) is treated as employee compensation in the financial statements
of the company which is amortised on a straight-line basis over the
vesting period.
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