1.1.1 Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that the economic
benefits will fow to the Bank and the revenue can be reliably measured.
- Interest income is recognized in the Profit and loss account on
accrual basis, except in the case of non-performing assets. Interest
on non-performing assets is recognized upon realization as per the
prudential norms of the RBI.
- Revenue in certain structured transactions where interest income is
partially receivable in advance is recognized when due.
- Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive payment is
established.
- Commission on guarantees issued by the Bank is recognized as income
on yearly basis over the period of the guarantee, except for guarantee
commission not exceedingRs. 100 thousands, which is recognized at the
time of issue of the guarantee.
- Commission on Letters of Credit (LC) issued by the Bank is
recognized as income at the time of issue of the LC.
- Income on discounted instruments is recognized over the tenure of the
instrument on a straight line basis.
- Revenue from financial advisory services is recognized in line with
milestones achieved as per terms of agreement with clients.
- Other fees and commission income are recognized on accrual basis.
1.1.2 Investments
Classification and valuation of the Banks investments are carried out
in accordance with RBI Circular DBOD no. B P. BC. 18- 21.04.141-
2010-11 dated July 1, 2010 and Fixed Income Money Market and Derivative
association (FIMMDa) guidelines FIMCIR-2010-11-72-March 11, 2011.
a) Accounting and Classification
Investments are recognized using the value date basis of accounting. In
compliance with RBI guidelines, all investments, are categorized as
Held for trading (HFT), available for sale (aFs) or Held to
maturity (HTM) at the time of its purchase. For the purpose of
disclosure in the balance sheet, investments are classifed as disclosed
in schedule 8 (Investments) under six groups (a) government
securities (b) other approved securities (c) shares (d) bonds and
debentures (e) subsidiaries and joint ventures and (f) others.
b) Cost of acquisition
Costs such as brokerage pertaining to investments, paid at the time of
acquisition are charged to the Profit and loss account.
c) Basis of Classification securities that are held principally for
resale within 90 days from the date of purchase are classifed under the
HFT category. Investments that the Bank intends to hold till maturity
are classifed under the HTM category. securities which are not
classifed in the above categories are classifed under the aFs category.
d) Transfer between categories
ReClassification of investments from one category to the other, if done,
is in accordance with RBI guidelines. Transfer of scrips from aFs - HFT
category to HTM category is made at the lower of book value or market
value. In the case of transfer of securities from HTM to aFs - HFT
category, the investments held under HTM at a discount is transferred
to aFs - HFT category at the aquisition price and investments placed in
the HTM category at a premium is transferred to aFs - HFT at the
amortized cost.
Transfer of investments from aFs to HFT or vice a versa is done at the
book value. Depreciation carried, if any, on such investments is also
transferred from one category to another.
e) Valuation
Investments categorized under aFs and HFT categories are marked to
market on a periodical basis as per relevant RBI guidelines. net
depreciation, if any, in any Classification mentioned in schedule 8
(Investments) is recognized in the Profit and loss account. The net
appreciation if any, under each Classification is ignored, except to the
extent of depreciation previously provided. The book value of
individual securities is not changed consequent to periodic valuation
of investments.
Investments classifed under the HTM category are carried at their
acquisition cost and any premium over the face value, paid on
acquisition, is amortised on a straight line basis over the remaining
period to maturity. amortization expense of premia on investments in
the Held to Maturity (HTM) category is deducted from interest income.
Where in the opinion of management, a diminution, other than temporary
in the value of investments classifed under HTM has taken place,
suitable provisions are made.
Treasury Bills, Commercial Paper and Certifcates of deposit being
discounted instruments, are valued at carrying cost.
The market-fair value applied for the purpose of periodical valuation
of quoted investments included in the aFs and HFT categories is the
market price of the scrip as available from the trades-quotes on the
stock exchanges and for subsidiary General Ledger (sGL) account
transactions, the prices as periodically declared by Primary Dealers
association of India jointly with FIMMDa.
The market-fair value of unquoted government securities included in the
aFs and HFT category is determined as per the rates published by
FIMMDa. Further, in the case of unquoted fixed income securities (other
than government securities), valuation is carried out by applying an
appropriate mark-up (refecting associated credit risk) over the Yield
to Maturity (YTM) rates of government securities. such mark up and
YTM rates applied are as per the relevant rates published by FIMMDa.
Quoted equity shares are valued at their closing price on a recognized
stock exchange. Unquoted equity shares are valued at the book value if
the latest balance sheet is available, else, at Re. 1 per company, as
per relevant RBI guidelines.
At the end of each reporting period, security receipts issued by the
asset reconstruction company are valued in accordance with the
guidelines applicable to such instruments, prescribed by RBI from time
to time. accordingly, in cases where the cash fows from security
receipts issued by the asset reconstruction company are limited to the
actual realization of the financial assets assigned to the instruments
in the concerned scheme, the Bank reckons the net asset value obtained
from the asset reconstruction company from time to time, for valuation
of such investments at each reporting date.
Mutual Fund units are valued at their net asset value on the reporting
date.
f) Accounting for repos-reverse repos
Pursuant to Reserve Bank of Indias circular - RBI- 2009-2010- 356
IDMD- 4135-11.08.43- 2009-10 dated March 23, 2010 on Uniform accounting
for Repo-Reverse Repo Transactions, effective april 1, 2010, securities
sold under agreements to repurchase (Repos) and securities purchased
under agreements to resell (Reverse Repos) are treated as
collateralized borrowing and lending transactions respectively. The
frst leg of the repo transaction is contracted at the prevailing market
rates. The difference between consideration amounts of frst and second
(reversal of frst) leg refects interest and is recognized as interest
income- expense over the period of transaction.
For the year ended March 31, 2010 repurchase (repos) and reverse
repurchase (reverse repos) transactions were accounted for on outright
sale and outright purchase basis respectively in line with then
applicable RBI guidelines. The difference between the clean price of
frst leg and the clean price of the second leg is recognized as
interest income-expense over the period of transaction.
In respect of repo transactions under Liquidity adjustment Facility
(LaF) with RBI, money borrowed from RBI are credited to borrowing
account and reversed on maturity of the transaction. Costs thereon are
accounted for as interest expense. In respect of reverse repo
transactions under LaF, money paid to RBI are debited to lending
account and reversed on maturity of the transaction. Revenues thereon
are accounted as interest income.
18.4.3 Advances
advances are classifed as performing and non-performing based on the
relevant RBI guidelines. advances are stated net of specific loan loss
provisions, interest in suspense, export Credit Guarantee Corporation
of India Limited (eCGC) claims received, inter-bank participation
certifcates issued and bills rediscounted. specific loan loss provisions
in respect of non-performing advances are made based on managements
assessment of the degree of impairment of the advances, subject to the
minimum provisioning level prescribed in relevant RBI guidelines. as
per the RBI guidelines a general provision is made on all standard
advances based on the category of advances as prescribed in the said
guidelines. The Bank also maintains additional general provisions on
standard exposure based on the internal credit rating matrix. These
provisions are included in schedule 5 - Other liabilities and
provisions - Others.
In addition to the provisions required according to the asset
Classification status, provisions are made for individual country
exposures (other than for home country exposure) in accordance with RBI
guidelines. Countries are categorized into seven risk categories namely
insignificant, low, moderate, high, very high, restricted and off-credit
and provisioning is done in respect of that country where the net
funded exposure is one percent or more of the Banks total assets.
In respect of restructured standard and non-performing assets,
provision is made for the present value of principal and interest
component sacrifced at the time of restructuring the assets, based on
the RBI guidelines.
Amounts recovered against debts written off in earlier years and
provisions no longer considered necessary based on the current status
of the borrower are recognized in the Profit and loss account.
1.1.3 Securitization transactions
The Bank enters into securitization transactions wherein corporate
loans are sold to a special Purpose Vehicle (sPV). These
securitization transactions are accounted for in accordance with the
RBI guidelines on securitization of standard assets. securitized
assets are derecognized upon sale if the Bank surrenders control over
the contractual rights that comprise the financial asset and fulfls
other conditions as per the applicable extant RBI guidelines.
Gain on securitization is amortized over the life of the securities
issued by the sPV. Losses are recognized immediately. sales and
transfers that do not meet the criteria for surrender of control are
accounted for as secured borrowings.
1.1.4 Transactions involving foreign exchange
Monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated at the
balance sheet date at rates notifed by the Foreign exchange Dealers
association of India (FeDaI). Foreign exchange contracts outstanding
at the balance sheet date are marked to market at rates notifed by
FeDaI for specifed maturities, suitably interpolated for in-between
maturity contracts as specifed by FeDaI, and are stated at net present
value based on LIBOR-sWaP curves of the respective currencies for
contracts of maturities over 12 months (long-term forex contract). The
resulting Profits or losses are recognized in the Profit and loss
account.
Premia-discounts on foreign exchange swaps, that are used to cover
risks arising from foreign currency assets and liabilities, are
amortized over the life of the swap.
Income and expenditure in foreign currency are accounted for at
exchange rates prevalent on the date of the transaction.
In accordance with as 11 The effects of changes in Foreign exchange
Rates, contingent liabilities in respect of outstanding foreign
exchange forward contracts, derivatives, guarantees, endorsements and
other obligations are stated at the exchange rates notifed by FeDaI
corresponding to the balance sheet date.
1.1.5 Earnings per share
The Bank reports basic and diluted earnings per equity share in
accordance with as 20, earnings per share prescribed by the Companies
(accounting standards) Rules, 2006. Basic earnings per equity share
have been computed by dividing net Profit for the year by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding for the period.
Diluted earnings per equity share have been computed using the weighted
average number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares
outstanding during the period except where the results are anti
dilutive.
1.1.6 Accounting for derivative transactions
Derivative transactions comprise of forward rate agreements, swaps and
option contracts. The Bank undertakes derivatives transactions for
market making-trading and hedging on-balance sheet assets and
liabilities. all market making-trading transactions are
marked-to-market on a periodic basis and the resultant unrealized
gains-losses are recognized in the Profit and loss account.
Derivative transactions that are undertaken for hedging are accounted
for on accrual basis except for the transaction designated with an
asset or liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost or
market value in the financial statements.
The Bank follows the option premium accounting framework prescribed by
FeDaI sPL - circular dated December 14, 2007. Premium on option
transaction is recognized into Profit and Loss on expiry or early
termination of the transaction. Mark to Market gain-loss (adjusted for
premium received-paid on option contracts) is recorded under Other
Income.
The amounts received-paid on cancellation of Option contracts are
recognized as realized gains-losses on options. Charges receivable-
payable on cancellation- termination of foreign exchange forward
contracts and swaps are recognized as income- expense on the date of
cancellation- termination under Other Income.
The requirement for collateral and credit risk mitigation on derivative
contracts is assessed based on internal credit policy. Provisions for
overdues, if any, are made as per the relevant RBI guidelines.
As per the RBI guidelines on Prudential norms for Off-balance sheet
exposures of Banks a general provision is made on the current gross
marked to market gain of the contract for all outstanding interest rate
and foreign exchange derivative transactions.
1.1.7 Fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and
provision for impairment. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
cost attributable for bringing the asset to its working condition for
its intended use.
Fixed assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be
recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured
by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset with future net
discounted cash fows expected to be generated by the asset. If such
assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment is recognised by
debiting the Profit and loss account and is measured as the amount by
which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the
assets.
1.1.7 Retirement and employee benefits
Leave salary
The employees of the Bank are entitled to carry forward a part of their
unavailed-unutilized leave subject to a maximum limit. The employees
cannot encash unavailed-unutilized leave. The Bank has computed the
leave compensated absence provision as per revised as 15 – employee
benefits. The Bank accounts for the liability for compensated absence
benefits using the Projected unit cost method based on annual acturial
valuation.
Gratuity
The Bank provides for gratuity, a defned beneft retirement plan,
covering eligible employees. The plan provides for lump sum payments to
vested employees at retirement or upon death while in employment or on
termination of employment for an amount equivalent to 15 days eligible
salary payable for each completed year of service if the service is
more than 5 years. The Bank accounts for the liability for future
gratuity benefits using the projected unit cost method based on annual
actuarial valuation.
The Bank recognizes the actuarial gains and losses during the year in
which the same are incurred.
Provident fund
In accordance with law, all employees of the Bank are entitled to
receive benefits under the provident fund, a defned contribution plan in
which both the employee and the Bank contribute monthly at a pre
determined rate. The Bank has no liability for future provident fund
benefits other than its annual contribution and recognizes such
contributions as an expense in the year incurred.
1.1.8 Leases
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all risks and
benefits of ownership are classifed as operating leases. Operating
lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Profit and loss
account on a straight line basis over the lease term.
1.1.9 Income taxes
Income tax expense comprises current tax provision (i.e. the amount of
tax for the period determined in accordance with the Income Ta x act,
1961 and the rules framed thereunder) and the net change in the
deferred tax asset or liability in the year. Deferred tax assets and
liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of timing
differences between the carrying values of assets and liabilities and
their respective tax bases, and operating loss carry forwards. Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted or
substantively enacted tax rates at the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent there is
reasonable certainty that the assets can be realized in future. In case
of unabsorbed depreciation or carried forward loss under taxation laws,
deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty
of realization of such assets. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each
balance sheet date and appropriately adjusted to refect the amount that
is reasonably-virtually certain to be realized.
1.1.10 Provisions and contingent assets-liabilities
The Bank creates a provision when there is a present obligation as a
result of a past event that probably requires an outfow of resources
and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. a
disclosure for contingent liability is made when there is a possible
obligation or a present obligation that may but probably will not
require an outfow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or
a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outfow of
resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
Provisions are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to
refect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an
outfow of resources would be required to settle the obligation, the
provision is reversed.
Contingent assets are not recognized in the financial statements.
However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is
virtually certain that an infow of economic benefits will arise, the
asset and related income are recognized in the period in which the
change occurs.
1.1.11 Employee Stock Compensation Cost
Measurement of the employee share-based payment plans is done in
accordance with the Guidance note on accounting for employee
share-based Payments issued by Institute of Chartered accountants of
India (ICaI) and seBI esop Guidelines 1999. The Bank measures
compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the
intrinsic value method. Compensation cost is measured by the excess, if
any, of the fair market price of the underlying stock (i.e. the last
closing price on the stock exchange on the day preceding the date of
grant of stock options) over the exercise price. The exercise price of
the Banks stock option is the last closing price on the stock exchange
on the day preceding the date of grant of stock options and accordingly
there is no compensation cost under the intrinsic value method.
1.2 Statutory disclosures as per RBI
1.2.1 Capital
1.2.1.1 Equity Issue
During the financial year ended March 31, 2011, the Bank has issued
7,479,855 shares pursuant to the exercise of stock option aggregating
to Rs. 840,738 thousands.
During the financial year ended March 31, 2011, the Bank has charged to
share Premium account, an amount of Rs. 54,447 thousands on account of
the possible disallowance of tax beneft on certain expenses incurred in
the financial year ended March 31, 2006, in connection with the Initial
Public Offering. In the financial year ended March 31, 2006, these
expenses were charged net of taxes to the share premium account.
During the financial year ended March 31, 2010 the Bank had issued
38,362,709 equity shares of Rs. 10 each for cash pursuant to a Qualified
Institutions Placement (QIP) at Rs. 269.50 aggregating to Rs. 10,338,750
thousands. The Bank also issued 4,325,630 shares pursuant to the
exercise of stock option aggregating to Rs. 279,355 thousands. The Bank
accreted Rs. 10,045,157 thousands (net of share issue expenses of Rs.
146,065 thousands) as premium, on the QIP and stock options excercised.
1.2.1.2 Capital Reserve
Profit on sale of investments in the HTM category is credited to the
Profit and loss account and thereafter appropriated to capital reserve
(net of applicable taxes and transfer to statutory reserve
requirements). During the year Rs. 19,924 thousands (previous year: Rs.
315,182 thousands) was transferred to capital reserve.
1.2.1.3 Investment Reserve
The Bank has transferred Rs. 137 thousands (Previous year: Rs. nil )
towards Investment Reserve on provisions for depreciation on
investments credited to Profit and loss account.
1.2.1.2 Unhedged-uncovered foreign currency exposure
The Banks foreign currency exposures as at March 31, 2011 that are not
hedged-covered by either derivative instruments or otherwise are within
the net Overnight Open Position limit (nOOP) and the aggregate Gap
limit, as approved by the RBI. nOOP at March 31, 2011 is Rs. 423,481
thousands (March 31, 2010: Rs. 281,577 thousands).
1.2.1.3 Exchange Traded Interest Rate Derivatives
The Bank has not dealt in exchange traded interest rate derivatives
during the financial year ended March 31, 2011 (Previous Year: nIL)
1.2.1.4 Currency Futures
The bank had dealt in exchange traded currency Forwards (Futures)
during the financial year ended March 31, 2011. as at March 2011, there
were nIL open contracts. as at March 31, 2010 the open contracts on the
exchange were to the tune of eURO 6,000,000 (InR 365,535,000) and GBP
337,000 (InR 22,997,722) for april 2010 expiry.
1.2.1.5 Disclosures on risk exposure in derivatives as per RBI Master
circular RBI DBOD.BP.BC.no. 3- 21.04.018- 2010-11 dated July 1, 2010,
the following disclosures are being made with respect to risk exposure
in derivatives of the Bank:
a) Purpose: The Bank uses Derivatives including forwards and swaps for
various purposes viz. hedging its currency and interest rate risk in
its balance sheet, customer offerings and proprietary trading. The
management of these products and businesses is governed by the Market
Risk Policy, Investment Policy, Derivatives Policy, Derivatives
appropriateness Policy, Hedging Policy.
b) structure: The Board of Directors of the Bank have constituted a
Board level sub-committee, the Risk Monitoring Committee (RMC) and
delegated to it all functions and responsibilities relating to the risk
management policy of the Bank and its supervision thereof.
c) as part of prudent business and risk management practice, the Bank
has also instituted a comprehensive limit and control structure
encompassing Value-at-Risk (VaR), stop loss and portfolio credit limits
for derivative transactions. The Bank has an elaborate internal
reporting mechanism providing regular reports to the RMC.
d) The Bank has an independent Middle Offce, which is responsible for
monitoring, measurement and analysis of derivative related risks, among
others. The Bank has a Credit Risk Management unit which is responsible
for setting up counterparty limits and also a treasury operation unit
which is responsible for managing operational aspects of derivatives
control function and settlement of transactions. The Bank is subject to
a concurrent audit for all treasury transactions, including
derivatives, a monthly report of which is periodically submitted to the
top management and audit and Compliance Committee of the Bank.
e) In addition to the above, the Bank independently evaluates the
potential credit exposure on account of all derivative transactions,
wherein risk limits are specifed separately for each product, in terms
of both credit exposure and tenor. as mandated by the Credit Policy of
the Bank, the Bank has instituted an approval structure for all
treasury-derivative related credit exposures. Wherever necessary,
appropriate credit covenants are stipulated as trigger events to call
for collaterals or terminate a transaction and contain the risk.
f) The Bank reports all trading positions to the management on a daily
basis. The Bank revalues its trading position on a daily basis for
Management and Information system (MIs) and control purposes and
records the same in the books of accounts on a monthly basis.
g) For derivative contracts in the banking book designated as hedge,
the Bank documents at the inception of the relationship between the
hedging instrument and the hedged item, the risk management objective
for undertaking the hedge.
h) Refer note 18.4.7 for accounting policy on derivatives.
1.2.6 Asset quality
1.2.6.1 Provision coverage Ratio
The provision coverage ratio of the Bank as at March 31, 2011 computed
as per the the RBI circular dated December 1, 2009 is 88.63% (previous
year 78.43%) (excluding technical write-offs).
1.2.6.2 Concentration of NPAs
exposure (Funded + non Funded) of the Bank to top four nPa is Rs. 575,899
thousands (previous year Rs. 473,980 thousands) and the Bank has provided
for Rs. 520,468 thousands (previous year Rs. 382,114 thousands) for the
same.
1.2.7 Financial assets sold to Securitization-Reconstruction Company
for Asset Reconstruction
The Bank has not sold any financial assets to
securitization-Reconstruction Company for asset reconstruction during
year ended March 31, 2011 and March 31, 2010.
1.2.8 Non-performing financial assets purchased- sold from- to other
Bank
The Bank has not purchased-sold any non performing financial assets
from-to Bank during the year ended March 31, 2011 and March 31, 2010.
1.2.9 Provisions for Standard Assets
Provision on standard advances is Rs. 1,700,838 thousands and Rs. 1,179,863
thousands as at March 31, 2011 and 2010 respectively.
1.3.0 Asset Liability Management
Maturity pattern of certain items of assets and liabilities
In compiling the information of maturity pattern (refer 18.5.11 (a),
(b), (c) and (d) below), estimates and assumptions have been made by
the management.
Assets and liabilities in foreign currency exclude off-balance sheet
assets and liabilities.
1.3.1 Exposures
The Bank has lending to sectors, which are sensitive to asset price
fuctuations. such sectors include capital market, real estate and
commodities.
1.4 Miscellaneous
1.4.1 Disclosure of penalties imposed by RBI no penalties have been
imposed by RBI on the Bank during the financial year 2010-11 (previous
year: Rs. nil).
The Bank does not have any bouncing of securitites general ledger and
has not incurred any penalty for sGL bouncing in the financial year
ended March 31, 2011.
1.4.2 Fees- Remuneration received from bancassurance
Bank has earned Rs. 128,171 thousands from bancassurance business during
year ended March 31, 2011 (previous year: Rs. 112,293 thousands).
1.4.3 Concentration of Deposits
as at March 31, 2011 the deposits of top 20 depositors aggregated to Rs.
86,204,381 thousands (previous year: Rs. 50,416,139 thousands) (excluding
certifcate of deposits, which are tradable instruments), representing
18.76% (previous year: 18.81%) of the total deposit base.
1.4.4 Concentration of advances
as at March 31, 2011 the top 20 advances aggregated to Rs. 105,461,474
thousands (previous year Rs. 72,725,550 thousands), representing 14.06%
(previous year 15.91%) of the total advances. For this purpose, advance
is computed as per defnition of Credit exposure in RBI Master Circular
on exposure norms DBOD. no. Dir. BC.14- 13.03.00-2010-11 dated July 1,
2010.
1.4.5 Concentration of exposures as at March 31, 2011 the top 20
exposures aggregated to Rs. 126,910,027 thousands (previous year Rs.
72,725,550 thousands), representing 15.29% (previous year 14.80%) of
the total exposures. exposure is computed as per defnition of Credit
and Investment exposure in RBI Master Circular on exposure norms DBOD.
no. Dir. BC.14- 13.03.00-2010-11 dated July 1, 2010.
1.4.6 Overseas assets, nPas and Revenue For the year ended March 31,
2011 and March 31, 2010, the Bank does not have any overseas revenue.
The Bank does not have any overseas assets or nPa as at March 31, 2011
and March 31, 2010.
1.4.7 sponsored sPVs
The Bank has not sponsored any sPV and hence there is no consolidation
in Banks books.
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