(i) Accounting Convention
The Financial Statements are prepared to comply in all material aspects
with all the applicable accounting principles in India, the applicable
accounting standards notified under sub-section (3C) of Section 211 of
the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act) and the other relevant provisions
of the Act.
(ii) Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost (net of cenvat credit, wherever
applicable) less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any.
The cost includes cost of acquisition, construction, erection,
installation etc., preoperative expenses (including trial run) and
borrowing costs incurred during pre-operational period. Cost of
software includes license fees and implementation/ integration
expenses.
(iii) Incidental Expenditure Pending Capitalisation/Allocaton
Incidental expenditure pending capitalisation/allocation represents
expenses incurred during setting-up of manufacturing facility including
preoperative expenses for trial runs and borrowing cost incurred prior
to the date of commencement of commercial production. These expenses
are net of sales during trial run and other income accrued prior to the
commencement of commercial production.
(iv) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition/ construction
of fixed assets are apportioned to the cost of the fixed assets up to
the date on which the asset is put to use/ commissioned.
(v) Depreciaton
(a) Depreciaton on fixed assets, other than leasehold improvements and
computer software, is provided on straight-line method at the rates and
in the manner prescribed under Schedule XIV to the Act. Depreciation on
additons/ deletions to fixed assets is calculated pro-rata from/ up to
the date of such additons/ deletons.
(b) Leasehold improvements are amortised on straight-line basis over
the primary period of lease.
(c) Computer software is amortised on the straight-line method over a
period of five years.
(d) Assets individually costing Rs. 5,000 or less are fully depreciated
in the year of purchase.
(vi) Investments
Long term investments are stated at cost less provision, if any, for
diminution in value other than temporary. Current investments are
carried at the lower of cost and fair value.
(vii) Inventories
(a) Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value.
(b) Cost of raw materials, stores and spares and traded goods is
determined on first-in-first-out basis. Cost of work-in-process and
finished goods comprises of raw material, direct labor, other direct
costs and related overheads but exclude interest expense. Net
realisable value is the estimate of the selling price in the ordinary
course of the business, less the estimated costs of completion and
estimated selling expenses.
(viii) Accounting for Taxes on Income/ Minimum Alternate Tax Credit
(a) Current Taxaton
The current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect
of taxable income for the year as per The Income Tax Act, 1961, of
India.
(b) Deferred Taxaton
- Deferred tax resultng from timing differences between book and tax
profits is accounted for under the liability method, at the
current/substantially enacted rate of tax to the extent that the timing
differences are expected to crystallise.
- Deferred tax assets arising in situations where there are brought
forward losses and unabsorbed depreciaton as per the Income Tax Act,
1961, of India to the extent deferred tax amount exceeds net deferred
tax liabilites, are recognised only when there is a virtual certainty
supported by convincing evidence that such assets will be realised.
(c) Minimum Alternate Tax Credit
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with tax laws, which
give rise to future economic benefits in the form of adjustment of
future tax liability, is recognised as an asset only when, based on
convincing evidence, it is probable that the future economic benefits
associated with it will flow to the Company and the assets can be
measured reliably.
(ix) Employee Benefits
(a) Defined Contribution Plans
The Company contributes on a defined contribution basis to Employee''s
Provident Fund, Employee''s State Insurance Fund and Employee''s Pension
Scheme towards post employment benefits, all of which are administered
by the respective Government authorities, and has no further obligation
beyond making its contribution, which is expensed in the year to which
it pertains.
(b) Defined Benefit Plans
The Company has a Defined Benefit Plan namely Gratuity for all its
employees. The liability for the defined benefit plan of Gratuity is
determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation, calculated using
projected unit credit method, by an independent actuary at the year
end.
Gratuity Fund is recognised by the income tax authorities and is
administered through trustees. The Employee''s Gratuity Trust takes
group gratuity policies with insurance companies.
Actuarial gains and losses which comprise experience adjustments and
the effect of changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the
Profit and Loss Account.
(c) Employee Leave Entitlement
The employees of the Company are entitled to leave as per the leave
policy of the Company. The liability in respect of unutlised leave
balances is provided based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an
independent actuary as at the year end and charged to the Profit and
Loss Account.
(x) Foreign Currency Transactions, Derivative Instruments and Hedge
Accounting
(a) Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rates
prevailing on the date of such transactions. Monetary assets and
liabilities as at the Balance Sheet date are translated at the rates of
exchange prevailing at the date of the Balance Sheet. Gains and losses
arising on account of diferences in foreign exchange rates on
settlement/ translation of monetary assets and liabilities are
recognised in the Profit and Loss Account except for monetary items
that in substance forms part of Company''s net investment in a
non-integral foreign operation are recognised in Foreign Exchange
Translation Reserve. Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at
cost.
(b) In respect of forward contracts, other than forward contracts in
respect of firm commitments and highly probable forecast transactions,
the premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contract, is amortised as expense or income over the life of the
contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised in the
Profit and Loss Account in the reporting period in which the exchange
rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of
such a forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense
for the period.
(c) In respect of forward contracts and currency options taken to hedge
the risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations relating to
firm commitments and highly probable forecast transactions, the Company
has adopted Accounting Standard 30 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition
and Measurement. Accordingly, foreign currency fluctuations relating
to firm commitments and highly probable forecast transactions are fair
valued at each reporting date.
Changes in the fair value of these hedging instruments that are
designated and considered as efective hedges of highly probable
forecasted transactions are recognised directly in shareholders'' funds
under ‘Hedging Reserve Account'' to be recognised in the Profit and Loss
Account when the underlying transaction occurs. Changes in the fair
value of the hedging instruments that do not qualify for hedge
accounting are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account as they arise.
(xi) Revenue Recognition
(a) Sales revenue is recognised on transfer of significant risks and
rewards of ownership of the goods to the buyer. Domestic sales are
recognised on dispatch to customers. Export sales are recognised on the
date of cargo receipts, bill of lading or other relevant documents, in
accordance with the terms and conditions for sales. Realised exchange
differences on export debtors are included in sales.
(b) In case of sales made by the Company as Support Manufacturer,
export benefits arising from Duty Entitlement Pass Book(DEPB) are
recognised on export of such goods in accordance with the agreed terms
and conditions with customers. In case of direct exports made by the
Company export benefits arising from DEPB, Duty Drawback scheme and
Focus Market Scheme are recognised on shipment of direct exports.
(c) Dividends are accounted for when the right to receive dividend is
established.
(xii) Government Grants
Government grants are accounted for when it is reasonably certain that
ultimate collection will be made. Capital grants relating to specific
assets are reduced from the gross value of the Fixed Assets. Revenue
grants, in the nature of interest subsidy under the Technology
Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) are adjusted against ‘Interest on Fixed
Loans''.
(xiii) Impairment of Assets
The Company assesses at each Balance Sheet date whether there is any
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication
exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If
such recoverable amount of the asset or recoverable amount of the cash
generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying
amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The
reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognised in the
Profit and Loss Account. If at the Balance Sheet date there is an
indication that if a previously assessed impairment loss no longer
exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is refected
at the recoverable amount.
(xiv) Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
The Company recognises a provision when there is a present obligation
as a result of a past event that probably requires an outflow of
resources and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the
obligation. A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there
is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably
will not, require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible
obligation or a present obligation but the likelihood of outflow of
resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made as specified in
Accounting Standard 29 – Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and
Contingent Assets, notified under Section 211(3C) of the Act.
(xv) Employees Stock Option Schemes
Stock options granted to employees under Employee Stock Option Schemes
are accounted as per the accounting treatment prescribed in the
Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments issued by
the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.
(xvi) Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and
assumptions to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities on the date of financial statements and the reported
amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Difference
between the actual results and the estimates are recognised in the
period in which the results are known/ materialised.
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