1) ACCOUNTING CONVENTION
The financial statements have been prepared by following the going
concern concept on historical cost basis except as otherwise stated and
in accordance with Company(Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 to the
extent applicable read with guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of
India (RBI) and conform to the statutory provisions and practices
prevailing within the banking industry in India.
The preparation of the financial statements, in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,
liabilities, revenues, expenses and disclosure of contingent
liabilities in the financial statements. Management believes that the
estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are
prudent and reasonable. Any revisions to the accounting estimates are
recognised prospectively in current and future periods.
2) FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS
I. Transactions other than FCNR/EEFC/RFC Accounts
a) Foreign Currency balances both under assets and liabilities and
outstanding forward exchange contracts and swaps are evaluated at the
year end rates as quoted by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of
India (FEDAI). The resultant profit/loss are included in Profit / Loss
Account.
b) Income and expenditure items have been translated at the exchange
rates ruling on the dates of the transactions.
c) Contingent liabilities on account of acceptances, endorsements and
other obligations including guarantees and Letters of Credit issued in
Foreign Currencies, shown in the Balance Sheet are valued at the
exchange rates prevailing at the year end.
II. Transactions relating to FCNR/EEFC/RFC accounts
Foreign Currency Deposits in FCNR/EEFC/RFC accounts including interest
accrued and also the corresponding assets are recorded at market
related notional rates, which are periodically reviewed. Assets and
Liabilities at the year end are revalued at rates quoted by Foreign
Exchange Dealers Association of India. The resultant profit / loss is
shown as income . toss.
3) INVESTMENTS
I. Investments are accounted for in accordance with the extant RBI
guidelines on investment classification and valuation and are
regrouped, shown in balance sheet under the following six groups:
a) Government Securities
b) Other Approved Securities
c) Shares
d) Debentures and Bonds
e) Investments in Subsidiaries/Joint Ventures
f) Others (Commercial Paper, Units of Mutual Fund, NABARD-RIDF, Venture
Capital Funds etc.)
II. The Investment portfolio of the Bank is classified into the
following three categories:
a) Held to Maturity
b) Available for Sale
c) Held for Trading
Bank decides the category of each investment at the time of acquisition
and classifies the same accordingly. Transfer of securities from one
category to another is done at the least of the acquisition cost/book
value/ market value on the date of transfer. The depreciation, if any,
on such transfer is fully provided for and the book value of the
security is changed.
III. Valuation
a) Held to Maturity
i) Investments classified under this category are valued at the year
end at the acquisition cost, except where the acquisition cost is more
than the face value, in which case the premium is amortized on constant
yield method.
ii) In the case of investments in subsidiaries/ joint ventures, any
diminution in value, other than temporary, is recognized and provided
for each investment individually. Investment in RRB and venture
capital fund is valued at carrying cost.
iii) Profit on sale of investments in this category is first taken to
Profit and Loss Account and thereafter appropriated to the Capital
Reserve Account. Loss on sale is recognised in the Profit and Loss
Account.
Provisions on account of depreciation on net basis if found to be in
excess, is first taken to Profit & Loss Account and thereafter
appropriated to the Investment Reserve Account as per the extant RBI
guidelines.
IV. Prudential Norms
(a) (i) Securities with guarantees of the Central
Government are treated as performing investments, notwithstanding
arrears of principal/interest payments. However, interest if not
realized for more than 90 days is recognized as income only on cash
basis.
(ii) Securities guaranteed by the State Government, where the
principal/interest is due but not paid for a period of more than 90
days as on 31.03.2011, are treated as Non Performing Investments and
provided for as per the RBI guidelines. Further, for securities
guaranteed by the State Governments, where the principal/interest is
due but not paid for a period of more than 90 days, interest is
recognized as income only on cash basis.
(b) Securities not guaranteed by the Central Government/State
Governments/Preference shares: Where the Principal/lnterest/Fixed
Dividend is due but not paid for a period of more than 90 days as on
31.03.2011 are treated as Non Performing Investments and provided for
as per the Reserve Bank of India guidelines.
(c) In the case of debentures/bonds where principal/ interest is in
arrears, provision is made as in the case of advances.
(d) If any credit facility availed by the issuer from the Bank is NPA,
investments in any of the securities issued by the same issuer is also
treated as Non Performing Investments.
(e) The depreciation/provision requirement in respect of non-performing
investments is not set off against the appreciation in respect of other
performing investments.
(f) The equity shares in the Banks portfolio has been marked to market
on periodical basis. Equity shares for which current quotations are
not available or where the shares are not quoted on the stock
exchanges, are valued at break-up value (without considering
revaluation reserves if any) which is ascertained from the Companys
latest balance sheet (Not more than one year prior to the date of
valuation). In case the latest balance sheet is not available the
shares are valued at Rs. 1 per company.
(g) In the case of Equity Shares, in the event the investment in the
shares of any company is valued at Re.1 per company on account of the
non availability of the quotation or latest balance sheet in accordance
with the RBI guidelines, those equity shares would also be reckoned as
Non Performing Investment on case to case basis.
4) TRANSACTIONS RELATING TO DERIVATIVES
Derivative contracts are designated as hedging or trading and accounted
for as follows:
a) Hedge Swaps: The interest rate swaps which hedges interest bearing
assets and liabilities are accounted for on accrual basis except the
swaps designated with an asset or liability that is carried at market
value or lower of cost or market value in the financial statements. In
that case the swaps are marked to market with the resulting gain or
loss recorded as an adjustment to the market value of designated asset
or liability.
The gain or loss on the terminated swaps is deferred and recognized
over the shorter of the remaining contractual life of the swap or the
remaining life of the asset/liability.
b) Re-designation of Hedge items: If a hedge is redesignated from one
item of asset/liability to another item of asset/liability, such
redesignaion is accounted for as the termination of one hedge and
acquisition of another. On the date of redesignation, the swap is
marked to market and the mark to market value is amortized over the
shorter period of the remaining life of the swap or remaining life of
the asset/liability. The offsetting mark to market entry adjustments
would be treated as premium received or paid for hedge on the newly
designated item of asset/liability and this would be amortized over the
life of the redesignated asset/liability or remaining term of the swap
whichever is shorter.
c) Trading Swaps: The trading swaps are marked to market with the
resulting gain or loss recorded in the income statement. Gain or loss
on termination of the swap is recorded as immediate income or expense.
5) FIXED ASSETS/DEPRECIATION
(I) Fixed Assets
(a) Premises of the bank include free hold as well as lease hold
properties. Land and buildings purchased or allotted have been
capitalised based on agreements/letters of allotment and physical
possession. Other Fixed Assets are capitalized on the date put to use.
Premises and other Fixed Assets are stated at their historical cost
except those which were revalued. Such Fixed Assets are stated on the
revalued amount.
b) Advance payments made for acquisition of capital assets and deposits
made in respect of properties taken on lease/rent are included under
Other Assets.
(II) Depreciation
a) Fixed Assets (other than Computers including software) are
depreciated at the rates prescribed under the Income Tax Rules on
reducing balance method including on the composite cost of certain
properties where it is not possible to segregate the land cost.
Computers (including operating software) are depreciated on Straight
Line Method at the rate of 33.33% per annum. Other software expenses
treated as intangible assets are amortized at 100% in the current year.
Depreciation on additions to Fixed Asset during the financial year is
provided at 100% of the rate of depreciation prescribed, if the asset
is put to use for 180 days and above during the year and at 50% of the
rate of depreciation prescribed, if the asset is put to use for less
than 180 days during the year. No depreciation is provided in the year
of sale/disposal of fixed assets.
b) Incremental depreciation on revalued amount in respect of premises
is adjusted from Revaluation Reserve account.
6) LEASED OUT ASSETS
Accounting for leased assets is done as per the Guidance Note of the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and the Accounting Standard
19 as applicable for the respective period. Provision in respect of
non- performing assets, is made by applying the asset classification
norms prescribed by the RBI for advances.
7) NON BANKING ASSETS
Non-Banking assets are shown at cost.
8) ADVANCES
Advances are classified as per the RBI guidelines into standard,
sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets after considering subsequent
recoveries to date. Provision for non-performing assets is made in
conformity with the RBI guidelines.
a) In terms of the guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India, advances
are classified as Performing and Non-Performing assets based on
recovery of principal/interest and advances are classified as Non
Performing Assets with 90 days delinquency norms. In case of State
Government Guaranteed advances, requirement of invocation of the
Guarantee has been de-linked for classification of an account as NPA.
Non Performing Advances (NPAs) are categorized as Sub-Standard,
Doubtful and Loss Assets for the purpose of computing provision
requirements.
Advances shown in the Balance Sheet are net of provisions [including
floating provisions] in respect of non-performing advances, interest
suspense and ECGC/DICGC claims received.
b) Advances include the Banks participation in/ contributions to Pass
Through Certificates (PTCs) and /or to the asset-backed assignment of
loan assets of other banks / financial institutions where the Bank has
participated on risk-sharing basis.
c) Amounts recovered against bad debts written off in earlier years are
recognised to the Profit and Loss account.
d) Provisions no longer considered necessary in context of the current
status of the borrower as a performing asset, are written back to the
Profit and Loss account to the extent such provisions were charged to
the Profit and Loss account.
e) Provisions on Standard Advances are shown under Other Liabilities
and Provisions.
f) Provision on advances is made as per the RBI guidelines as under:
1. Standard Assets: 1 % of standard advances to Commercial Real Estate
Sector, 0.25% of the outstanding advances under direct agriculture &
SME Sectors and 0.40% on all other outstanding advances.
2. Sub Standard Assets: 10% of the outstanding advances. However, in
case of sub standard assets which are identified ab-initio as
unsecured exposures provision at 20% of the outstanding balance is
made.
3. Doubtful assets: 20% to 100% as applicable on the secured portion
of advances, depending upon the period for which the asset has remained
doubtful and 100% of the unsecured portion of the outstanding advance
after netting realized amount in respect of DICGC scheme and
realized/realizable amount of guarantee cover under the ECGC/CGSTI
Schemes.
4. Loss Assets: 100% of the outstanding advances.
g) Restructured / rescheduled accounts:
In case of restructured / rescheduled accounts provision is made for
the sacrifice against erosion/ diminution in fair value of restructured
loans, in accordance with the general framework of restructuring of
advances issued by RBI vide circular dated August 27, 2008 and Master
Circular dated July 01, 2010.
The erosion in fair value of the advances is computed as the difference
between fair value of the loan before and after restructuring.
Fair value of the loan before restructuring is computed as the present
value of cash flows representing the interest at the existing rate
charged on the advance before restructuring and the principal,
discounted at a rate equal to the Banks BPLR as on the date of
restructuring plus the appropriate term premium and credit risk premium
for the borrower category on the date of restructuring.
Fair value of the loan after restructuring is computed as the present
value of cash flows representing the interest at the rate charged on
the advance on restructuring and the principal, discounted at a rate
equal to Banks BPLR as on the date of restructuring plus the
appropriate term premium and credit risk premium for the borrower
category on the date of restructuring.
The restructured accounts have been classified in accordance with RBI
guidelines, including special dispensation wherever allowed.
9) REVENUE RECOGNITION
Income/Expenditure is accounted on accrual basis except in the
following cases:
a) In the case of Non Performing Assets, income is recognized on cash
basis, in terms of guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India. Where
recovery is not adequate to upgrade the Non Performing Assets accounts
by way of regularization, such recovery is being appropriated towards
the principal/book balance in the first instance and towards interest
dues thereafter. In respect of Non Performing Investments, the same
accounting treatment as above is followed except on mutually agreed
terms.
b) In the case of advances guaranteed by the Central/ State
Governments, income is recognized on cash basis if the interest is not
realized for more than 90 days.
c) Income from Units of Mutual Funds, Commission on insurance and
depositary participants business, Merchant Banking transactions,
General Insurance business, Money transfer services, sale of mutual
fund products, locker rent, commission on Government business, etc. are
accounted on cash/ realisation basis.
d) Commission earned from Non-fund based business viz., Letter of
Credits and Bank Guarantees is accounted on cash basis.
e) Interest on securities which is due and not paid for a period of
more than 90 days is recognized on realisation basis as per RBI
guidelines.
f) Pursuant to revised guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India,
Savings Bank Deposit Rate of Interest is provided for on Matured Term
Deposits and Inoperative Savings Deposits.
g) Expenses arising out of claims in respect of employee matters under
dispute/negotiation are accounted during the year of final settlement/
determination.
h) In the case of suit filed accounts, legal expenses are charged to
the profit and loss account. Similarly, at the time of recovery of
legal expenses in respect of such suit filed accounts, the amount
recovered is accounted as income.
i) Premium on insurance policies taken by the Bank in respect of
V-Housing Loans is charged in the year of payment.
10) NET PROFIT
The net profit is arrived at after
a) Provisions for Income Tax & Wealth Tax in accordance with statutory
requirements
b) Provision on advances/investments
c) Adjustments to the value of investments
d) Transfers to provisions and contingencies
e) Provision for Inter Branch accounts lying unadjusted for more than
six months as per RBI norms
f) Other usual and necessary provisions
11} EMPLOYEESBENEFITS
a) In respect of employees who have opted for Provident Fund scheme,
matching contribution as applicable is made by the Bank to the
recognised Provident Fund. For others who have opted for pension
scheme, contribution to Pension Fund is made based on actuarial
valuation, as per Accounting Standard 15 (revised).
b) Contribution to Gratuity Fund is made based on actuarial valuation,
as per Accounting Standard 15 (revised).
c) Liability towards leave encashment, privilege leave and sick leave
is provided based on actuarial valuation, as per Accounting Standard 15
(revised).
Details are as under:
Short term employee benefits:
Short term employee benefits (benefits which are payable within twelve
months after the end of the period in which the employees render
service) ie., sick leave is measured as per the actuarial valuation
report obtained as of each year end balance sheet date.
Long term employee benefits:
Long term employee benefits (benefits which are payable after the end
of twelve months from the end of the period in which employees render
service), and post employment benefits (benefits which are payable
after completion of employment), are measured on a discounted basis by
the projected Unit Credit Method, on the basis of annual third party
actuarial valuations. The bank provides for
the following long term employee benefits as per actuarial valuation:
1. Leave encashment: The Bank provides for liability accruing on
account of deferred entitlement towards leave encashment in the year in
which the employees concerned render their services based on third
party actuarial valuation obtained as of each year end balance sheet
date.
2. Pension: The Bank provides for liability accruing on account of the
employees who have opted for pension based on the actuarial valuation
obtained as of each year end balance sheet date. As per IX Bipartite
settlement, pension option was re-opened for the employees who were in
the service of the Bank as on 27.04.2007. Consequent to this, there was
requirement for providing additional contribution to the pension fund.
While Reserve Bank of India has permitted amortization of the
additional liability due to the existing employees opting for 2nd
pension option over of a period of five years, this relaxation was not
extended in respect of the additional liability arising out of the
retired employees exercising 2nd pension option. The Bank has obtained
third party actuarial valuation report as of 31.03.2011 and accordingly
made the additional contribution required for the pension fund.
3. Gratuity: The Bank provides for gratuity liability based on the
actuarial valuation obtained as of each year end balance sheet date.
Maximum amount of Gratuity payable to the employees has been increased
from Rs. 3.50 lacs to Rs. 10.00 lacs wef 24.05.2010 by amendment to the
Payment of Gratuity Act of 1972. Reserve Bank of India has permitted
amortization of the additional burden arising due to increase in the
ceiling over a period of five years. The Bank has obtained third party
actuarial valuation report as of 31.03.2011 and accordingly made the
additional contribution required for the pension fund.
The pension and gratuity contributions are transferred to self-managed
trusts.
12) PROVISION FOR TAXATION
Tax expenses comprise current and deferred taxes. Current income tax
is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflect
the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income
and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences
of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and
the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet
date.
13) IMPAIRMENTS:
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date
for any indication of impairment based on internal/external factor. An
impairment loss is recognized whenever the carrying amount of an asset
exceeds its estimated recoverable amount.
14) SEGMENT REPORTING:
In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, Bank has adopted
Segment Reporting as under:
1. Treasury includes all investment portfolio, profit / loss on sale
of investments, profit/loss on foreign exchange transactions, equities,
income from derivatives and money market operations. The expenses of
this segment consist of interest expenses on funds borrowed from
external sources as well as internal sources and depreciation /
amortisation of premium on Held to Maturity category investments.
2. Corporate/ Wholesale Banking includes lending and deposits from
corporate customers and identified earnings and expenses of the
segment.
3. Retail Banking includes lending and deposits from retail customers
and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
4. Other Banking Operations includes all other operations not covered
under Treasury, Wholesale Banking and Retail Banking.
15) EARNINGS PER SHARE:
Earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss
for the period attributable to equity
shareholders (after deducting attributable taxes) by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted
earnings per equity share have been computed using the weighted average
number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares
outstanding as at end of the year.
16) CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND PROVISIONS:
A provision is recognised when there is an obligation as a result of
past event if it is probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable
estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their present
value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the
obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each
balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
17) OTHERS:
Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise cash and
balances with RBI (Schedule 6) and balances with banks and money at
call and short notice (Schedule 7).
18) The Bank has followed the same accounting policies as in the
previous years subject to regulatory changes, if any.
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