A. Basis of Accounting
The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost
convention, on a going concern concept and in compliance with the
Accounting Standards notified by the Companies (Ac- counting Standard)
Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act 1956.
Accounting policies not specifically referred to otherwise, are
consistent and in consonance with the generally accepted accounting
principles.
B. Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires estimates and assumptions to be
made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the
date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and
expenses during the reporting period. Differences between actual
results and es- timates are recognized in the period in which the
results are known / materialised.
C. Recognition of Income
Revenue is recognised when it is earned and no significant uncertainty
exists as to its realisation or collection.
The Company follow the accrual basis of accounting except in the
following cases, where the same are recorded on cash basis on
ascertainment of right and obligation.
i. Leave encashment
ii. Insurance Claim
iii. Dividend Income, if any.
D. Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at actual cost of acquisition less ac-
cumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes all
incidental expenses related to acquisition and attributable cost of
bringing the asset to its working condition for its in- tended use.
E. Impairment of Fixed Assets
At the end of each year, the Company determines whether a provision
should be made for impairment loss on fixed as- sets by considering the
indication that an impairment loss may
have occurred in accordance with Accounting Standard 28 on Impairment
of Assets. Where the recoverable amount of any fixed assets is lower
than its carrying amount, a provision for impairment loss on fixed
assets is made.
F. Depreciation
i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets has been provided on ''Straight Line
Method'' as per the rates specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies
Act, 1956.
ii) Depreciation on assets acquired/sold during the year is provided on
prorata basis.
G. Investments
Investments that are intended to be held for more than a year, from the
date of acquisition, are classified as long term invest- ment and are
carried at cost less any provision for permanent diminution in value.
Investments other than long term invest- ments being current
investments are valued at cost or fair market value whichever is lower.
H. Employee Benefits
The Company has both defined contribution and defined bene- fit plans
of which some have assets in special funds or similar securities. The
plans are financed by the Company and in case of some defined
contribution plans, by the Company along with its employees.
- Gratuity
In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, the company
provides for a lump sum payment to eligible employ- ees, at retirement
or termination of employment based on the last drawn salary and years
of employment with the company. The gratuity fund is managed by the
Life Insurance Corpora- tion of India (LIC). The Company''s gratuity
benefit scheme is a defined benefit plan. The company''s obligation in
respect of the gratuity plan is provided for based on actuarial
valuation carried out by an independent actuary using the projected
unit credit method. The Company recognises actuarial gains and losses
immediately in the profit and loss account.
- Provident fund, State Insurance, Labour Welfare Fund, Professional
Tax
These are the defined contribution plans in which the Company
pays pre-defined amounts to separate funds. The Company''s contributions
to these funds are reported as an expense during the period in which
the employees perform services that the payment covers.
- Compensated Absences
The employees of the Company are entitled to compensate absence. The
employees can carry forward a portion of the unutilized accrued
compensated absence and utilize it in future periods or receive cash
compensation at retirement or termination of employment for the
unutilized accrued compensated absence. The company follows the cash
basis of accounting for recording the obligation of leave encashment.
In other words, the company records an obligation for compensated
absences in the period in which it has been encashed by the employees.
- Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP)
In respect of employee''s stock options, the excess of market price on
the date of grant over the exercise price is recognised as deferred
employee compensation expense amortised over vesting period
I. Valuation of inventories
Inventories are accounted for at cost, determined on FIFO (Weighted
Average Method, if it followed) basis, or net realizable value,
whichever is less.
J. Lease
Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incident to ownership of
an asset substantially vest with the lessor, are recognised as
operating leases. The lease agreements con- tain rent escalation
clause. Lease rental expenses including escalations for operating
leases are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line
basis over the minimum lease term.
K. Miscellaneous Expenditure
Preliminary expenses are amortised in the year in which they are
incurred.
L. Foreign Currency Transactions
i) The transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate of
exchange prevailing on the date of transactions.
ii) The difference on account of fluctuation in the rate of exchange
prevailing on the date of transaction and the date of realization is
charged to the Profit and Loss Account.
iii) Differences on translations of Current Assets and Current
Liabilities remaining unsettled at the year-end are recognized in the
Profit and Loss Account.
M. Treatment of Contingent Liabilities
Contingent liabilities are disclosed by way of notes to ac- counts.
Disputed demands in respect of income tax and other proceedings are
disclosed as contingent liabilities. Payments in respect of such
demands, if any are shown as advances.
N. Accounting for Taxation of Income
Current taxes
Provision for current income-tax is recognized in accordance with the
provisions of Indian Income-tax Act, 1961 and is made annually based on
the tax liability after taking credit for tax allowances and
exemptions.
Deferred taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax
consequences attributable to timing differences that result between the
profits offered for income taxes and the profits as per the financial
statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the
tax rates and the tax laws that have been enacted or substantially
enacted at the balance sheet date. The effect of a change in tax rates
on deferred tax and assets or liabilities are recognized in the period
that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax Assets are recognized
only to the extent there is virtual certainty that the assets can be
realized in the future. Deferred Tax Assets are reviewed as at each
Balance Sheet date.
Minimum Alternative Tax Credit
Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with tax laws, which
give rise to future economic benefits in the form of adjustment of
future tax liability, is recognized as an asset only when, based on
convincing evidence, it is probable that the future economic benefits
associated with it will flow to the company and the asset can be
measured reliably.
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