(a) Basis for preparation of accounts :
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared to comply in
all material aspects with generally accepted accounting principles
applicable in India, the Accounting Standards and the relevant
provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.
(b) Use of Estimates :
The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with the
generally accepted accounting principles, requires estimates and
assumptions to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities on the date of financial statements and the reported
amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported year. Differences
between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the year in
which the results are known / materialised.
(c) Fixed Assets including intangible assets :
Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Costs
comprise of purchase price and attributable costs, if any.
(d) Leases :
Assets taken on lease are accounted for as fixed assets in accordance
with Accounting Standard 19 on Leases, (AS 19).
(i) Finance lease
Where the Company, as a lessor, leases assets under finance leases such
amounts are recognized as receivables at an amount equal to the net
investment in the lease and the finance income is based on constant
rate of return on the outstanding net investment.
Assets taken on finance lease are accounted for as fixed assets at fair
value. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charge and
reduction of outstanding liability.
(ii) Operating lease
Assets taken on lease under which all risks and rewards of ownership
are effectively retained by the lessor are classified as operating
lease. Lease payments under operating leases are recognised as expenses
on straight line basis in accordance with the respective lease
agreements.
(e) Depreciation / amortisation of fixed assets:
(i) The Company computes depreciation of all fixed assets including for
assets taken on lease using the straight line method based on estimated
useful lives. Depreciation is charged on a pro- rata basis for assets
purchased or sold during the year. Management''s estimate of the useful
life of fixed assets is as follows:
Buildings 15 years
Computers 3 years
Plant and machinery 5 years
Furniture and fixtures 5 years
Vehicles 3-5 years
(ii) Leasehold land is amortised over the period of lease.
(iii) Leasehold improvements are amortised over the period of lease or
expected period of occupancy whichever is less.
(iv) Intellectual property rights are amortised over a period of seven
years.
(v) Assets costing upto Rs.5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of
purchase.
(f) Impairment of Assets:
At the end of each year, the Company determines whether a provision
should be made for impairment loss on assets by considering the
indications that an impairment loss may have occurred in accordance
with Accounting Standard 28 on ''''Impairment of Assets''''. Where the
recoverable amount of any asset is lower than its carrying amount, a
provision for impairment loss on assets is made for the difference.
Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s net selling price and
value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
flows expected from the continuing use of the asset and from its
disposal are discounted to their present value using a pre- tax
discount rate that reflects the current market assessments of time
value of money and the risks specific to the asset.
Reversal of impairment loss if any is recognised immediately as income
in the Profit and Loss Account.
(g) Investments :
Long term investments are carried at cost. Provision is made to
recognise a decline other than temporary in the carrying amount of long
term investment.
Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value.
(h) Inventories :
Components and parts :
Components and parts are valued at lower of cost or net realizable
value. Cost is determined on First-In-First Out basis.
Finished Goods :
Valued at the lower of the cost or net realisable value. Cost is
determined on First-In-First Out basis.
(i) Revenue recognition :
Revenue from software services and business process outsourcing
services include revenue earned from services rendered on ''time and
material'' basis, time bound fixed price engagements and system
integration projects.
All revenues from services, as rendered, are recognised when persuasive
evidence of an arrangement exists, the sale price is fixed or
determinable and collectability is reasonably assured and are reported
net of sales incentives, discounts and indirect taxes.
The Company also performs time bound fixed price engagements, under
which revenue is recognised using the proportionate completion method
of accounting, unless work completed cannot be reasonably estimated.
Provision for estimated losses, if any on uncompleted contracts are
recorded in the year in which such losses become probable based on the
current contract estimates.
Revenue from sale of software and hardware products is recognized at
the point of dispatch to the customers.
Unbilled revenues comprise revenues recognized in relation to efforts
incurred on fixed-price and time and material contracts not billed as
of the year end where services are performed in accordance with agreed
terms.
The Company recognizes unearned income as financing revenue over the
lease term using the effective interest method.
Dividend income is recognized when the Company''s right to receive
dividend is established. Interest income is recognized on time
proportion basis.
(j) Expenditure :
The cost of software purchased for use in software development and
services is charged to cost of revenues in the year of acquisition.
(k) (a) Foreign currency transactions :
Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates
prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary items are translated at
the year end rates. The exchange difference between the rate prevailing
on the date of transaction and on the date of settlement as also on
translation of monetary items at the end of the year is recognized as
income or expense, as the case may be.
Any premium or discount arising at the inception of the forward
exchange contract is recognized as income or expense over the life of
the contract, except in the case where the contract is designated as a
cash flow hedge.
(b) Derivative instruments and hedge accounting:
The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts / options to hedge
its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations relating to
certain forecasted transactions. Effective April 1st 2007 the Company
designates some of these as cash flow hedges applying the recognition
and measurement principles set out in the Accounting Standard 30
Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurements(AS 30).
The use of foreign currency forward contracts/ options is governed by
the Company''s policies approved by the board of directors, which
provide written principles on the use of such financial derivatives
consistent with the Company''s risk management strategy. The counter
party to the Company''s foreign currency forward contracts is generally
a bank. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for
speculative purposes.
Foreign currency forward contract/option derivative instruments are
initially measured at fair value and are re-measured at subsequent
reporting dates. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives that
are designated and effective as hedges of future cash flows are
recognized directly in reserves and the ineffective portion is
recognized immediately in Profit and Loss Account.
The accumulated gains and losses on the derivatives in reserves are
transferred to Profit and Loss Account in the same period in which
gains or losses on the item hedged are recognized in Profit and Loss
Account.
Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that do
not qualify for hedge accounting are recognized in the Profit and Loss
Account as they arise.
Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or
is sold, terminated, or exercised, or no longer qualifies for hedge
accounting. When hedge accounting is discontinued for a cash flow
hedge, the net gain or loss will remain in reserves and be reclassified
to Profit and Loss Account in the same period or periods during which
the formerly hedged transaction is reported in Profit and Loss Account.
If a hedged transaction is no longer expected to occur, the net
cumulative gain or loss recognized in reserves is transferred to Profit
and Loss Account.
(l) Employee Retirement Benefits :
(a) Gratuity :
The Company provides for gratuity, a defined retirement benefit plan
covering eligible employees. The gratuity plan provides for a lumpsum
payment to employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or
termination of the employment based on the respective employee''s salary
and the tenure of the employment. Liabilities with regard to a
Gratuity plan are determined based on the actuarial valuation carried
out by an independent actuary as at the Balance Sheet date.
Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in full in the Profit and
Loss Account in the year in which they occur. (Refer note 9 below)
(b) Provident Fund :
The eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive the
benefits of Provident Fund, a defined contribution plan, in which both
employees and the Company make monthly contributions at a specified
percentage of the covered employees'' salary (currently at 12% of the
basic salary). The contributions as specified under the law are paid to
the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner by the Company.
(c) Compensated absences :
The Company provides for the encashment of leave subject to certain
Company''s rules. The employees are entitled to accumulate leave subject
to certain limits, for future encashment or availment.
The liability is provided based on the number of days of unavailed
leave at each balance sheet date on the basis of an independent
actuarial valuation.
Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in full in the Profit and
Loss Account in the year in which they occur.
The Company also offers a short term benefit in the form of encashment
of unavailed accumulated leave above certain limit for all of its
employees and same is being provided for in the books at actual cost.
(m) Borrowing costs :
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost
of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a
substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale.
All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
(n) Taxation :
Tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax. Current tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to/recovered from the tax
authorities, based on estimated tax liability computed after taking
credit for allowances and exemption in accordance with the local tax
laws existing in the respective countries.
Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws,
which gives rise to future economic benefits in the form of adjustment
of future income tax liability is considered as an asset if there is
convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal tax after the tax
holiday period. Accordingly, it is recognized as an asset in the
Balance Sheet when it is probable that the future economic benefit
associated with it will flow to the Company and the asset can be
measured reliably.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax
consequences attributable to timing differences between taxable income
and accounting income that are capable of reversal in one or more
subsequent years and are measured using relevant enacted tax rates. The
carrying amount of deferred tax assets at each Balance Sheet date is
reduced to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which the
deferred tax asset can be realized.
Tax on distributed profits payable in accordance with the provisions of
the Income-tax Act, 1961 is disclosed in accordance with the Guidance
Note on Accounting for Corporate Dividend Tax issued by the ICAI.
(o) Employee Stock Option Plans :
Employees eligible for Employee Stock Option Plan 2010 are granted an
option to purchase shares of the Company at predetermined exercise
price. These options vest over a period of three years from the date of
grant. The stock compensation cost is computed under the intrinsic
value method and amortised on a straight line basis over the total
vesting period of three years.
(p) Contingent Liabilities :
These, if any, are disclosed in the notes on accounts. Provision is
made in the accounts if it becomes probable that any outflow of
resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the
obligation arising out of past events.
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