1. Basis of preparation
The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) under the historical
cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting and comply with the
accounting standards applicable in India and the provisions of the
Companies Act, 1956.
2. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires the management of the
Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
balances of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating to the
contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and
reported amounts of income and expenses during the year. Example of
such estimates include provisions for doubtful debts, employee
benefits, provision for income taxes, the useful life of fixed assets,
etc..
3. Fixed assets and Intangible assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Costs
include all expenses incurred to bring the assets to its present
location and condition.
Depreciation is provided on straight-line method on pro rata basis in
accordance with the provisions of Schedule XIV to the Companies Act,
1956, except that leasehold land and improvements to leasehold premises
is depreciated over the lease period on straight-line basis.
Software licenses are depreciated over a period of 6 years.
Individual assets costing less than Rs. 5,000/- are depreciated in full
in the year of its purchase.
Capital advances represent outstanding advance paid to acquire fixed
assets.
4. Impairment of assets
At each Balance Sheet date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of
its fixed assets to determine whether there is any indication that
those assets suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication
exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to
determine the extent of impairment loss.
Recoverable amount is the higher of an assets net selling price and
value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
flows expected from the continuing use of the asset and from its
disposal are discounted to their present value using a pre-discount
rate that reflects the current market assessment of time value of money
and the risks specific to the asset.
Reversal of impairment loss is recognised immediately as income in the
Profit and Loss account.
5. Leases
Where the Company, as a lessor, leases assets under finance lease such
amounts are recognised as receivables at an amount equal to the net
investment in the lease and the finance income is based on a constant
rate of return on the outstanding net investment.
Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incident to ownership of
an asset substantially vest with the lessor, are recognised as
operating leases. Lease rents under operating leases are recognised in
the Profit and Loss account on a straight- line basis.
6. Inventories
Components and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable
value. Cost is determined on the basis of specific identification
method.
Computer systems and software, components and spares intended for
customer support are written off over the effective life of the systems
maintained, as estimated by management.
7. Income
Sales
Income from sales of goods is recognised upon passage of risks and
rewards of ownership to the goods, which generally coincide with the
delivery.
Services
a) Income from services is recognised upon rendering of the services.
Income from maintenance contracts relating to the year is recognised
when the contracts are entered into on a time proportionate basis.
b) Revenue from software development on fixed price, fixed time frame
contracts is recognised as per the proportionate completion method. On
time and materials contracts, revenue is recognised as the related
services are rendered.
c) In respect of orders procured, for which sales are effected directly
to the customers by the vendors, the Company accounts only for the
commission, installation and other charges to which it is entitled.
8. Employee Benefits
a) Post-employment benefit plans
Contributions to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are
recognised as an expense when employees have rendered services
entitling them to contributions. For defined benefit schemes, the cost
of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit
Method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each Balance
Sheet date. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised in full in the
Profit and Loss account for the period in which they occur. Past
service cost is recognised immediately to the extent that the benefits
are already vested, and otherwise is amortised on a straight-line basis
over the average period until the benefits become vested.
The retirement benefit obligation recognised in the Balance Sheet
represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as
adjusted for unrecognised past service cost, and as reduced by the fair
value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is
limited to the present value of available refunds and reductions in
future contributions to the scheme.
b) Short-term employee benefits
The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be
paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees is recognised
during the period when the employee renders the service. These benefits
include compensated absences such as paid annual leave, overseas social
security contributions and performance incentives.
c) Long-term employee benefits
Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve
months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the
related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of
the defined benefit obligation at the Balance Sheet date.
9. Research and Development
Research and Development expenditure is recognised in the profit and
loss account when incurred. Assets acquired for research and
development activity are capitalised and depreciated in the same manner
as other fixed assets.
Expenses incurred in developing intellectual property, if they meet the
criteria of achieving technical feasibility, retention of control and
have the potential to provide economic benefits, are capitalised and
carried forward as intangible assets and amortised over their expected
useful life. Otherwise, such expenses are charged off to the Profit &
Loss Account in the year in which they are incurred
10. Foreign currency transactions
a) Income and expenses in foreign currencies are converted at exchange
rates prevailing on the date of the transaction.
Exchange differences arising on restatement / settlement of foreign
currency monetary liabilities having an initial term of 12 months or
more that are incurred for acquisition of fixed assets are translated
at year end exchange rates and the resulting gains / losses are
adjusted against the cost of the fixed assets. Exchange differences
arising on restatement of other foreign currency monetary assets and
liabilities, having an initial term of 12 months or more, are
accumulated in the Foreign Currency Monetary Item Translation
Difference Account and amortised over the balance period of such long
term asset/liability or up to March 31,2011 whichever is earlier.
Other foreign currency liabilities and assets are restated at the rates
ruling at the year-end. Exchange differences arising on restatement /
settlement of foreign currency balances are adjusted in the Profit and
Loss account.
Premium or discount on forward exchange contracts are amortised and
recognised in the Profit and Loss account over
the period of the contract. Forward contracts and currency options
outstanding at the Balance Sheet date, other than designated Cash Flow
hedges, are stated at fair values and any gains or losses are
recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
b) In the case of non-integral operations, assets and liabilities are
translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the Balance Sheet date.
Revenue and expenses are translated at exchange rates prevailing on the
date of transactions. Exchange differences arising out of these
translations are included in Exchange Reserve under Reserves and
Surplus.
c) In the case of integral operations, assets and liabilities (other
than non-monetary items), are translated at the exchange rate
prevailing on the Balance Sheet date. Non-monetary items are carried at
historical cost. Revenue and expenses are translated at exchange rates
prevailing on the date of transactions. Exchange differences arising
out of these translations are charged to the Profit and Loss account.
11. Taxation
Current income tax expense comprises taxes on income from operations in
India and in foreign jurisdictions. Income tax payable in India is
determined in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act,
1961. Tax expense relating to foreign operations is determined in
accordance with tax laws applicable in countries where such operations
are domiciled.
Minimum alternative tax (MAT) paid in accordance to the tax laws, which
gives rise to future economic benefits in the form of adjustment of
future income tax liability, is considered as an asset if there is
convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax after
the tax holiday period. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as an asset in
the Balance Sheet when it is probable that the future economic benefit
associated with it will flow to the Company and the asset can be
measured reliably.
Deferred tax expense or benefit is recognised on timing differences
being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that
originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more
subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured
using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or
substantively enacted by the Balance Sheet date.
In the event of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses,
deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is
virtual certainty that sufficient taxable income will be available to
realise such assets.
In other situations, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the
extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future
taxable income will be available to realise these assets.
Advance taxes and provisions for current income taxes are presented in
the Balance Sheet after offsetting advance taxes paid and income tax
provisions arising in the same tax jurisdiction and the Company intends
to settle the asset and liability on a net basis.
The Company offsets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities if
it has a legally enforceable right and these relate to taxes on income
levied by the same governing taxation laws.
12. Subsidies
Subsidies not specifically related to fixed assets are credited to
capital reserve.
Other revenue subsidies are credited to Profit and Loss account or
deducted from related expenses.
13. Investments
Long-term investments are stated at cost, less provision for other than
temporary diminution in value.
14. Other Provisions and Contingencies
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present legal or
constructive obligation as a result of past event and it is probable
that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation,
in respect of which reliable estimate can be made.
Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at
each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates. Contingent liabilities are not recognised in the financial
statements, but are disclosed. A contingent asset is neither recognised
nor disclosed in the financial statements.
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