The financial statements are prepared to comply with all material
aspects with the accounting principles generally accepted in India and
in consonance with the Accounting Standards issued by The Institute of
Chartered Accountants of India to the extent applicable and the
relevant provisions of the Companies Act,1956.
(i) Basis of Accounting
The Financial Statements are prepared under the historical cost
convention on an accrual basis.
(ii) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and
liabilities and disclosures of contingent liabilities at the date of
financial statement and the result of operation during the reporting
period end. Although these estimates are based upon management''s best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
(iii) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognised when consideration can be reasonably measured and
there exists reasonable certainty of its recovery.
(a) Sales
Sales is inclusive of VAT and Central Sales Tax, wherever applicable
and after making adjustments towards price variations, discounts, etc.
As the company''s business model is such that the excise duty payable by
the company is negligible, it is not shown separately.
Revenue from domestic sales is accounted on dispatch of products to
customers.
Revenue from export sales is recognised on shipment / air lift of
products.
(b) Interest
Interest on investments is booked on a time proportion basis taking
into account the amounts invested and the rate of interest.
(c) Export Benefits
Export Incentives are estimated and accounted for in the year of
export.
(d) Dividend Income
Dividend income on investments is accounted for when the right to
receive the payment is established.
(iv) Tangible Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition / construction less
accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment loss (if any).
Cost comprises of purchase price, import duties and other
non-refundable taxes or levies and any directly attributable cost to
bring the assets ready for their intended use. Direct expenses, as well
as pro rata identifiable indirect expenses on projects during the year
of construction are capitalised.
The fixed assets retired from active use are stated at the lower of
cost or net realisable value.
(v) Expenditure on New Projects and Substantial Expansion
All direct capital expenditure on expansion and new projects is
capitalised. As regards indirect expenditure on expansion and on new
projects only that portion is capitalised which represents the increase
in such expenditure as a result of capital expansion. The same is
treated as pre- operative expenditure pending allocation to fixed
assets in progress and is shown as Capital Work - in Progress. The
same is transferred to fixed assets on progressive basis and is
capitalised along with fixed assets on commencement of commercial
activities.
(vi) Intangible Fixed Assets
Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition / cost incurred
less accumulated amortisation.
(vii) Depreciation / Amortisation
Depreciation on all tangible fixed assets is provided on Straight Line
Method at the rates prescribed in Schedule- XIV of the Companies
Act,1956, on pro-rata basis for the period the assets have been put to
use.
Assets costing up to Rs. 5,000/- are fully depreciated in the year in
which they are put to use.
Depreciation on sale of assets is provided till the date of sale.
Intangible fixed assets in the nature of software are amortised at the
rate prescribed under schedule XIV of the Companies Act,1956 on
straight line method. The value of these intangible assets is reviewed
at each balance sheet date to assess the probability of continuing
future benefits. If there is any indication that the value of such
assets is impaired, the resulting impairment loss is recognised in the
financial statement.
(viii) Investments
Current Investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair value
computed individually. Long term investments are stated at cost.
Provision for diminution in the value of long term investments is made,
only if, in the opinion of the management, such a decline is regarded
as being other than temporary.
(ix) Inventories
Raw materials are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. The
costs of these items of inventory comprises of cost of purchase and
other incidental costs incurred to bring the inventories to their
present location and condition.
Finished goods are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. The
cost of finished goods includes cost of conversion and other costs
incurred to bring the inventories to their present location and
condition. Cost of inventories is determined on First in First out
basis.
Excise duty in respect of finished goods lying at the factory premises
have been provided for and included in valuation of inventory.
(x) Research and Development
Research and Development costs incurred for development of products
including manpower cost are charged to revenue as incurred, except for
development costs relating to the design and testing of new or improved
materials, products or processes which are recognised as intangible
assets to the extent that it is expected that such assets will generate
future economic benefits. Research and development expenditure of
capital nature is added to fixed assets.
The carrying value of development costs is reviewed for impairment
annually when the asset is not yet in use, and otherwise when events
and change in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be
recoverable.
(xi) Foreign currency transactions
(a) Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the
exchange rate prevailing at the time of transactions. Exchange
difference arising from foreign currency transactions are dealt with in
the Company''s Profit and Loss account except when it is of the capital
expenditure.
(b) Year end balance of foreign currency transactions are translated at
the year end rates. Exchange difference arising on restatement or
settlement is charged to Profit and Loss Account except the difference
in case of liability pertaining to acquisition of Fixed Assets which is
adjusted in the cost of Fixed Assets.
(c) Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies at the year end
are restated at the year end rates. Non monetary foreign currency items
are carried at cost.
(xii) Derivatives
Premium or discount arising at the inception of derivative contract is
amortised as expenses or income over the life of the contract. Exchange
difference on derivative contract is recognised in the Profit & Loss
Account in the year in which the exchange rates change. Any Profit or
Loss arising on cancellation or renewal of derivative contract is
recognised as income or expense in the profit and loss account.
(xiii) Employee Benefits
(a) Short term Employee Benefits
Short-term employee benefits are recognised as an expense at the
undiscounted amount in the profit and loss account of the year in which
the related service is rendered.
(b) Post Employment Benefits
Defined Contribution Plan :- The Company''s contribution paid / payable
during the year to Provident Fund are considered as defined
contribution plans. The Contribution paid / payable under these plans
are recognised during the period in which the employee render services.
(c) Defined Benefit Plan
Other long-term employee benefits are recognised as an expense in the
profit and loss account for the period in which the employee has
rendered services. Estimated liability on account of long-term benefits
is discounted to the current value, using the yield on government
bonds, as on the date of balance sheet, at the discounting rate.
Actuarial gains and losses in respect of post employment and other
long-term benefits are charged to the profit and loss account.
(xiv) Leases
All leases are classified into Operating and Financial Lease at the
inception of the lease. Leases that transfer substantially all risks
and reward from lessor to lessee are classified as Finance Lease,
others being classified as Operation Lease.
Rent Expense and Rent Income represent operating leases which are
recognised as an expense in the statement of Profit and Loss Account on
a Straight Line basis over the lease terms.
(xv) Provision for tax
Tax expenses for a year comprise of current tax and deferred tax.
Provision for current tax is determined based on assessable profits of
the company as determined under the Income Tax Act,1961.
Provision for deferred tax is determined based on the effect of timing
difference between the assessable profits under the Income Tax Act and
the profits as per the Profit and Loss Account.
Deferred tax assets, other than those from carry forward losses and
unabsorbed depreciation, are recognised at the end of the company''s
accounting year (ending on 30th June every year), only to the extent
that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised.
(xvi) Impairment of Fixed Assets
The carrying amount of fixed assets including those assets that are not
available for use, are reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine
whether there is any indication of impairment.
If any such indication exist, the assets recoverable amount is
estimated. An impairment loss is recognised in the Profit and Loss
account whenever the carrying amount of assets exceeds its recoverable
amount. An impairment loss can be reversed if there are changes in
estimates to determine the recoverable amount in future period. An
impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the carrying amount
of the assets does not exceed the net book value that would have been
determined, if no impairment loss has been recognised.
(xvii) Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
Provisions are recognised for when the Company has at present, legal or
contractual obligation as a result of past events, only if it is
probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will
be required and if the amount involved can be measured reliably.
Contingent liabilities being a possible obligation as a result of past
events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence
or nonoccurrence of one or more future events not wholly in the control
of the Company are not recognised in the accounts. The nature of such
liabilities and an estimate of its financial effect are disclosed in
the Notes to Financial Statements.
Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial
statements.
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