(a) Basis of accounting
The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost
convention, on accrual basis of accounting except in case of assets for
which provision for impairment is made and revaluation is carried out
to comply in all material respects, with the mandatory accounting
standards as notified by the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules,
2006 as amended (''the Rules'') and the relevant provisions of the
Companies Act, 1956 (''the Act''). The accounting policies have been
consistently applied by the Company; and the accounting policies not
referred to otherwise, are in conformity with Indian Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (''Indian GAAP'').
(b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating
to contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements
and the reported amounts of incomes and expenses during the reporting
period. Although these estimates are based upon management''s best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
(c) Revenue recognition
Revenue comprises sale of WTGs and wind power systems; service income;
interest; dividend and royalty. Revenue is recognised to the extent it
is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and
that the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is disclosed, net of
discounts, excise duty, sales tax, service tax, VAT or other taxes, as
applicable.
Sales
Sale of individual WTGs and wind power systems (supply only projects)
are recognised in the profit and loss account provided that the
significant risks and rewards in respect of ownership of goods have
been transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the respective sales
order, and provided that the income can be measured reliably and is
expected to be received.
Fixed price contracts to deliver wind power systems (turnkey contracts
and projects involving installation and/or commissioning apart from
supply) are recognised in revenue based on the stage of completion of
the individual contract using the percentage of completion method,
provided the order outcome as well as expected total costs can be
reliably estimated. Where the profit from a contract cannot be
estimated reliably, revenue is only recognised equalling the expenses
incurred to the extent that it is probable that the expenses will be
recovered.
Due from customers, if any are measured the selling price of the work
performed, based on the stage of completion less the cost of the work
already billed to the customer and expected losses. The stage of
completion is measured by the proportion that the contract expenses
incurred to date bear to the estimated total contract expenses. The
value of self-constructed components is recognised in ''Contracts in
progress'' upon dispatch of the complete set of components which are
specifically identified for a customer and are within the scope of
supply, as per the terms of the respective sale order for the wind
power systems. Where it is probable that total contract expenses will
exceed total revenues from a contract, the expected loss is recognised
immediately as an expense in the profit and loss account.
Where the selling price of a contract cannot be estimated reliably, the
selling price is measured based on the expenses incurred to the extent
that it is probable that these expenses will be recovered. Prepayments
from customers are recognised as liabilities. A contract in progress
for which the selling price of the work performed exceeds interim
billings and expected losses is recognised as an asset. Contracts in
progress for which interim billings and expected losses exceed the
selling price is recognised as a liability. Expenses relating to sales
work and the winning of contracts are recognised in the profit and loss
account as incurred.
Operation and Maintenance
Revenues from operation and maintenance contracts are recognised
pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are
rendered, net of taxes charged.
Project execution income
Revenue from services relating to project execution is recognised on
completion of respective service, as per terms of respective sales
order.
Interest income
Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. In case of
interest charged to customers, interest is accounted for on
availability of documentary evidence that the customer has accepted the
liability.
Dividend income
Dividend income from investments is recognised when the right to
receive payment is established. Dividend from subsidiary companies
declared after the year end till the adoption of accounts by Board of
Directors, is accounted during the year as required by Schedule VI to
the Act.
Royalty income
Royalty income is recognised on accrual basis in accordance with the
terms of the relevant agreements.
(d) Fixed assets and intangible assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. Cost includes purchase price and all
expenditure necessary to bring the asset to its working condition for
its intended use. Own manufactured assets are capitalised inclusive of
all direct costs and attributable overheads. Capital work-in-progress
comprises of advances paid to acquire fixed assets and the cost of
fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use as at the
balance sheet date. In the case of new undertaking, preoperative
expenses are capitalised upon the commencement of commercial
production. Assets held for disposal are stated at the lower of net
book value and the estimated net realisable value.
In respect of accounting periods commencing on or after December 7,
2006, exchange differences arising on reporting of the long-term
foreign currency monetary items at rates different from those that at
which they were initially recorded during the period, or reported in
the previous financial statements are added to or deducted from the
cost of the asset and are depreciated over the balance life of the
asset, if these monetary items pertain to the acquisition of a
depreciable fixed asset.
Intangible assets are recorded at the consideration paid for their
acquisition. Cost of an internally generated asset comprises all
expenditure that can be directly attributed, or allocated on a
reasonable and consistent basis, to create, produce and make the asset
ready for its intended use.
The carrying amounts of the assets belonging to each cash generating
unit (''CGU'') are reviewed at each balance sheet date to assess whether
they are recorded in excess of their recoverable amounts and where
carrying amounts exceed the recoverable amount of the asset''s CGU,
assets are written down to their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount
is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects
current market assessments of the time value of money and risks
specific to the asset. After impairment, depreciation is provided on
the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful
life. The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting periods is
reversed if there has been a change in estimates of recoverable amount.
The carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying
value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there
was no impairment.
(e) Depreciation and amortisation
Depreciation is provided on the written down value method (''WDV'')
unless otherwise stated, pro-rata to the period of use of assets and is
based on management''s estimate of useful lives of the fixed assets or
intangible assets or at rates specified in schedule XIV to the Act,
whichever is higher:
(f) Inventories
Inventories of raw materials including stores, spares and consumables;
packing materials; work-in-progress; project work in progress;
semi-finished goods and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost
and estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted
average basis.
The cost of work-in-progress, semi-finished goods and finished goods
includes the cost of material, labour and manufacturing overheads.
Stock of land and land lease rights is valued at lower of cost and
estimated net realisable value. Cost is determined on weighted average
basis. Net realisable value is determined by management using technical
estimates.
(g) Investments
Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value, determined on
an individual basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost.
However, provision is made to recognise a decline, other than
temporary, in the value of long-term investments.
(h) Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the average exchange
rate prevailing in the period during which the transactions occur.
Outstanding balances of foreign currency monetary items are reported
using the period end rates. Pursuant to the notification of the
Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules 2009 issued by
Ministry of Corporate Affairs on March 31, 2009 amending Accounting
Standard – 11 (AS - 11) ''The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange
Rates (revised 2003), exchange differences in respect of accounting
periods commencing on or after December 7, 2006, relating to long term
monetary items are dealt with in the following manner:
(a) Exchange differences relating to long term foreign currency
monetary items, arising during the year, in so far as they relate to
the acquisition of a depreciable capital asset are added to/deducted
from the cost of the asset and depreciated/recovered over the balance
life of the asset.
(b) In other cases, such differences are accumulated in the Foreign
Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account and amortised to
the profit and loss account over the balance life of the long term
monetary item but not beyond March 31, 2011.
All other exchange differences are recognised as income or expense in
the profit and loss account.
Non-monetary items carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of
the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value
or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are
reported using the exchange rate that existed, when the values were
determined.
Exchange differences arising as a result of the above are recognised as
income or expense in the profit and loss account.
Foreign currency transactions entered into by branches, which are
integral foreign operations are accounted in the same manner as foreign
currency transactions described above. Branch monetary assets and
liabilities are restated at the year end rates.
Derivatives
In case of forward contracts, the difference between the forward rate
and the exchange rate, being the premium or discount, at the inception
of a forward exchange contract is recognised as income/expense over the
life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are
recognised in the profit and loss account in the reporting period in
which the rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or
renewal of forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as
expense for the period.
As per the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (''ICAI'')
announcement, derivative contracts, other than those covered under
AS-11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis and the net loss after
considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge items is
charged to the profit and loss account. Net gains on marked to market
basis are not recognised.
(i) Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition,
construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalised as part
of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily
takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. Costs
incurred in raising funds are amortised equally over the period for
which the funds are acquired. All other borrowing costs are charged to
profit and loss account.
(j) Retirement and other employee benefits
Defined contributions to provident fund and employee state insurance
are charged to the profit and loss account of the year when the
contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other
obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective
statutory authorities.
Defined contributions to superannuation fund are charged to the profit
and loss account on accrual basis.
Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity are considered as defined
benefit obligations, and are provided for on the basis of an actuarial
valuation, using projected unit credit method, as at each balance sheet
date.
Short-term compensated absences are provided based on estimates. Long
term compensated absences and other long term employee benefits are
provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using projected
unit credit method, as at each balance sheet date.
Actuarial gains/losses are taken to profit and loss account and are not
deferred.
(k) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed by way of notes to accounts unless
the possibility of an outflow is remote. Contingent assets are not
recognised or disclosed.
(l) Taxes on Income
Tax expense for a year comprises of current tax and deferred tax.
Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax
authorities, after taking into consideration, the applicable deductions
and exemptions admissible under the provisions of the Income Tax Act,
1961.
Deferred tax reflects the impact of current year timing differences
between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal
of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based
on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at
the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the
extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future
taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets
can be realised. If there is unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward
of losses under tax laws, all deferred tax assets are recognised only
to the extent that there is virtual certainty supported by convincing
evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
Deferred tax resulting from timing differences which originate during
the tax holiday period but are expected to reverse after such tax
holiday period is recognised in the year in which the timing
differences originate using the tax rates and laws enacted or
substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.
At each balance sheet date, the company reassesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrealised deferred tax assets to
the extent it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as
the case may be, that sufficient taxable income will be available
against which the deferred tax can be realised. Further the carrying
amounts of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.
The company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to
the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually
certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will
be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such
write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain
or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future
taxable income will be available
Minimum alternative tax (''MAT'') credit is recognised as an asset only
when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company
will pay income tax higher than that computed under MAT, during the
period that MAT is permitted to be set off under the Income Tax Act,
1961 (specified period). In the year, in which the MAT credit becomes
eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the
recommendations contained in the Guidance Note issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), the said asset is created by
way of a credit to the profit and loss account and shown as MAT credit
entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date
and writes down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the
extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the
Company will pay income tax higher than MAT during the specified
period.
(m) Operating leases
Assets acquired on lease where a significant portion of the risks and
rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as
operating lease. Lease rentals are charged off to the profit and loss
account as incurred.
(n) Earnings/(loss) per share
Basic earnings/(loss) per share are calculated by dividing the net
profit / (loss) for the period attributable to equity shareholders
(after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the
weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the
period are adjusted for any bonus shares issued during the year and
also after the balance sheet date but before the date the financial
statements are approved by the board of directors.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings/(loss) per share, the
net profit/(loss) for the period attributable to equity shareholders
and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period
are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are
adjusted for bonus shares as appropriate. The dilutive potential equity
shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable, had the shares been
issued at fair value. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed
converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later
date.
(o) Employee stock options
Stock options granted to employees under the employees'' stock option
scheme are accounted as per the intrinsic value method permitted by the
SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme)
Guidelines, 1999 and the ''Guidance Note on Share Based Payments'' issued
by the ICAI. Accordingly, the excess of market price of the shares as
on the date of grant of options over the exercise price is recognised
as deferred employee compensation and is charged to profit and loss
account on straight-line basis over the vesting period.
The number of options expected to vest is based on the best available
estimate and are revised, if necessary, if subsequent information
indicates that the number of stock options expected to vest differs
from previous estimates.
(p) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise cash at
bank and in hand, cheques on hand and short-term investments with an
original maturity of three months or less.
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