a) Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the Accounting Standards notified by Companies
(Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, (as amended) and the relevant
provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have
been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis and
in accordance with the applicable accounting standards issued by The
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. The accounting policies
have been consistently applied by the Company and except for the
changes in accounting policy discussed more fully below, are consistent
with those used in the previous year.
The Company follows the mercantile system of accounting in general and
recognizes income and expenditure on accrual basis except as otherwise
stated.
b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
period. Although these estimates are based upon management''s best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates. Differences between actual results and estimates
are recognized in the period in which the results are known /
materialized.
C) Inventories
Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value.
Materials-in-transit are valued at cost-to-date. Cost comprises all
cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in
bringing the inventories to their present location and condition
including excise duty payable on goods produced. Due allowance is
estimated and made for defective and obsolete items, wherever
necessary, based on the past experience of the Company. The cost
formulae used for determination of cost is ''First in First Out''(FIFO)
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated
costs necessary to make the sale.
d) Cash Flow Statement:
The Cash Flow Statement is prepared by the indirect method set-out in
Accounting Standard 3 on Cash Flow Statement and presents the Cash
Flows by operating, investing and financing activities of the Company.
Cash and cash equivalents presented in the Cash Flow Statement consist
of cash on hand and unencumbered, highly liquid bank balances.
e) Revenue Recognition
(i) Revenue is recognised when it is earned and no significant
uncertainty exists as to its realisation or collection.
(ii) Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all significant
contractual obligations have been satisfied, the property in the goods
is transferred for a price, significant risks and rewards of ownership
are transferred to the customers and no effective ownership is
retained. Sales are net of Sales Tax/Value Added Tax. Excise Duty
recovered is presented as a reduction from gross turnover.
(iii) Revenue in respect of export sales is recognized on the basis of
dispatch of goods for exports.(i.e. on the date of Bill of Lading).
(iv) Interest is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
(v) Dividend income is recognized when the shareholders'' right to
receive payment is established by the balance sheet date. Dividend from
subsidiaries is recognised even if same are declared after the balance
sheet date but pertains to period on or before the date of balance
sheet as per the requirement of schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956.
(vi) Other Income is accounted for on accrual basis, when certainty of
receipt is established.
f) Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case may
be), less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any. Cost
comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the
asset to its working condition for its intended use. Cost of
acquisition comprise all costs incurred to bring the assets to their
location and working condition upto the date assets are put to use.
Cost of construction comprise of those costs that relate directly to
specific assets and those that are attributable to the construction
activity in general and can be allocated to specific assets upto the
date the assets are put to use.
g) Depreciation & Amortization
Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on Straight-line method, at
the rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies
Act, 1956. The Company provides pro-rata depreciation for additions /
deletions made during the reporting period, except for the asset each
costing Rs. 5000 or less, for which depreciation is provided at hundred
percent.
h) Impairment of Fixed Assets
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
i) Foreign Currency Transactions
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non- monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
(iii) Exchange Differences
The gains or losses resulting from such translations are included in
the Profit and Loss Account. Revenue, expense and cash flow items
denominated in foreign currency are translated into the relevant
functional currencies using the exchange rate in effect on the date of
the transaction. Transaction gains or losses realized upon settlement
of foreign currency transactions are included in determining net profit
for the period in which the transaction is settled, except to the
extent, relating to fixed assets are adjusted to carrying value of
fixed assets.
j) Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held
generally for not more than a year are classified as current
investment. All other investments are classified as long term
investment. Current investment is carried at lower of cost and fair
value determined on an individual investment basis. Long term
investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in
value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary in the value
of the Investment.
k) Employee Benefits
Employee benefits such as salaries, allowances, non-monetary benefits
and employee benefits under defined contribution plans such as
provident fund and other funds, which fall due for payment within a
period of twelve months after rendering service, are charged as expense
to the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which the service is
rendered.
Employee benefits under defined benefit plans, such as gratuity which
fall due for payment after a period of twelve months from rendering
service or after completion of employment, are measured by the project
unit cost method, on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out by
third party actuaries at each balance sheet date. The Company''s
obligations recognized in the balance sheet represent the present value
of obligations as reduced by the fair value of plan assets, where
applicable. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized immediately in
the Profit and Loss Account.
I) Borrowing Cost
Borrowing cost attributable to the acquisition or construction of
qualifying assets, as defined in Accounting Standard 16 on Borrowing
Costs are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets upto the date
when the asset is ready for its intended use. Other borrowing costs are
expensed as incurred.
m) Segment Reporting
Identification of segments:
The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of products and services provided, with each
segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different
products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical
segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of
the Company operate.
Inter segment Transfers:
The Company generally accounts for inter segment transfers at cost.
Allocation of common costs:
Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the
relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.
Unallocated items:
Includes general corporate income and expense items which are not
allocated to any business segment.
Segment Policies:
The company prepares its segment information in conformity with the
accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial
statements of the company as a whole.
n) Leases
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased items are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the Profit and Loss account on a straight- line basis over the lease
term.
o) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The
weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period
are adjusted for events of bonus issue; bonus element in a rights issue
to existing shareholders; share split; and reverse share split
(consolidation of shares).
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares,
except when the results would be anti-dilutive.
p) Accounting For Taxation on Income
Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax
is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. Income taxes
are accrued at the same period in which the related revenue and expense
arise. A provision is made for income tax annually based on the tax
liability computed after considering tax allowances and exemptions.
Provisions are recorded when it is estimated that a liability due to
disallowances or other matters is probable.
The Company offsets, on a year to year basis, the current tax assets
and liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right and where it
intends to settle such assets and liabilities on a net basis.
Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing
differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year
and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally
enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current
tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax
liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing
taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent
that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised. In situations where the company has unabsorbed depreciation
or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised
only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence
that they can be realised against future taxable profits.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available
MAT paid in accordance with the tax laws, which give rise to the future
economic benefits in the form of tax credit against future income tax
liability, is not recognized as an asset in the Balance Sheet.
q) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities & Contingent Assets
Provisions involving a substantial degree of estimation in measurement
are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past
events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources.
Contingent Liabilities are not recognized but are disclosed in the
Financial Statements. Contingent Assets are neither recognised nor
disclosed in the Financial Statements.
|