a. Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the Accounting Standards notified by Companies
(Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, (as amended) and the relevant
provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have
been prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis.
The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company
and are consistent with those used in the previous year.
b. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
period. Although these estimates are based upon managements best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
c. Fixed Assets and Depreciation
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed
assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its
intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period
till such assets are ready to be put to use.
Depreciation is provided using the Straight Line Method as per the
useful lives of the assets estimated by the management, which
corresponds to the rate and in the manner prescribed under Schedule XIV
of the Companies Act, 1956.
Leasehold improvements are amortised over the period of the lease or
its estimated useful life whichever is lower.
Leasehold land is amortised over the primary period of the lease.
Assets acquired on hire purchase/finance lease are generally
depreciated over the period of useful life of assets on a straight-line
basis unless there is no reasonable certainty that the ownership of the
asset would be obtained at the end of the agreement term. Where there
is no reasonable certainty that the ownership of the asset would be
obtained at the end of the agreement term such assets are depreciated
over the shorter of the contract term or the assets useful life in
accordance with the Companys normal depreciation policy.
d. Impairment of assets
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
to their present value using a pretax discount rate that reflects
current market assessments of the time value of money and risks
specific to the asset.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the assets over its remaining useful life.
e. Intangibles
Software is amortized over its estimated useful life of six years.
g. Investments
Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at
cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a
decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.
h. Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Sale of Goods:
Sales of printed material and fulfillment product are recognized on
transfer of property in goods and performance of service. Sales are
inclusive of excise duty, wherever applicable, but net of trade
discount and other applicable taxes. Export sales are net of freight
expense and commission expense.
Export incentive principally comprises of duty drawback, Duty
Entitlement Pass Book credit, excise duty rebate and other benefits
available to the Company based on guidelines formulated for the
respective schemes by the government authorities. These incentives are
recognized as revenue on accrual basis to the extent it is probable
that realization is certain.
Barter Transactions:
Barter transactions are recorded at fair value, being the value at
which the transactions are agreed between the parties and comparable
with similar transactions with other parties.
Income from Services:
Revenue from services is recognized as and when the services are
rendered.
Interest:
Revenue is recognized on a time proportion basis taking in to account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Dividends:
Revenue is recognised when the shareholders right to receive payment is
established by the balance sheet date.
i. Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs
are expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consist of
interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the
borrowing of funds.
j. Foreign Currency Transactions
Initial Recognition:
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount, the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
Conversion:
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
Exchange Differences:
Exchange differences in respect of assets acquired from out of India
before accounting period commencing on or after December 7, 2006 were
capitalized as a part of fixed asset till March 31, 2010. Such exchange
differences so far as they relate to the acquisition of a depreciable
capital asset have been adjusted with the cost of such asset during the
financial year 2008-09 and would be depreciated over the balance life
of the asset, and in other cases, have been accumulated in Foreign
Currency Monetary Item Translation Difference Account and have been
amortized over the balance period of such long term asset/liability but
not beyond accounting period ended on or before March 31, 2011.
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting Companys monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise.
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the
contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised in the
statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates
change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of
forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the
year.
k. Retirement and other employee benefits
Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund and Superannuation
fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged
to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to
the respective funds are due. There are no other obligations other
than the contribution payable to the respective trusts.
Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligations and are provided
for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit
method made at the end of each financial year.
Short-term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates.
Long-term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial
valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit
method.
Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss account
and are not deferred.
I. Leases
Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the Company substantially
all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item,
are capitalized at the lower of the fair value and present value of the
minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease term and disclosed
as leased assets. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance
charges
and reduction of the lease liability based on the implicit rate of
return. Finance charges are charged directly against income. Lease
management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs are
capitalized.
If there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain the
ownership by the end of the lease term, capitalized leased assets are
depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset
or the lease term.
Leases, where the lessor, effectively retains substantially all the
risks and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease
term.
m. Income Taxes
Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax
is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. Deferred
income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences
between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal
of timing differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally
enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current
tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax
liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing
taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent
that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised. In situations where the company has unabsorbed depreciation
or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised
only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence
that they can be realised against future taxable profits.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognized
deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available.
MAT credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there
is convincing evidence that the company will pay normal income tax
during the specified period. In the year in which the Minimum
Alternative tax (MAT) credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an
asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in guidance Note
issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said
asset is created by way of a credit to the profit and loss account and
shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each
balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit
Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the
effect that Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified
period.
n. Employee Stock Option Plan
Measurement and disclosure of the employee share-based payment plans is
done in accordance with SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee
Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on
Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India. The Company measures compensation
cost relating to employee stock options using the intrinsic value
method. Compensation expense is amortized over the vesting period of
the option on a straight-line basis.
o. Segment Reporting Policies
Identification of Segments: The Companys operating business are
organized and managed separately according to the nature of products
and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic
business unit that offers different products and serves different
markets. The analysis of geographical segment is based on the areas in
which major operating divisions of the Company operate.
p. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Partly
paid equity shares are treated as a fraction of an equity share to the
extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends relative to
a fully paid equity share during the reporting period. The weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is
adjusted for events of bonus issue; bonus element in a rights issue to
existing shareholders; share split and reverse share split
(consolidation of shares).
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
q. Provisions
A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
r. Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement
comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an
original maturity of three months or less.
s. Derivative Instruments
As per ICAI Announcement, accounting for derivative contracts, other
than those covered under AS-11, are marked to market on a portfolio
basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting effect on the
underlying hedge item is charged to the income statement. Net gains are
ignored.
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