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Repro India
BSE: 532687|NSE: REPRO|ISIN: INE461B01014|SECTOR: Printing & Stationery
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« Mar 11
Accounting Policy Year : Mar '12
a) Change in accounting policy
 
 Presentation and disclosure of financial statements
 
 During the year ended March 31, 2012, the Revised Schedule VI notified
 under the Companies Act, 1956, has become applicable to the Company,
 for preparation and presentation of its financial statements. The
 adoption of revised Schedule VI does not impact recognition and
 measurement principles followed for preparation of financial
 statements. However, it has significant impact on presentation and
 disclosures made in the financial statements. The Company has also
 reclassified the previous year figures in accordance with the
 requirements applicable in the current year.
 
 b) Use of estimates
 
 The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
 requires the management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions
 that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
 liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of
 the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the
 management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty
 about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes
 requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or
 liabilities in future periods.
 
 c) Tangible fixed assets
 
 Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
 impairment losses if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and
 directly attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working
 condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition
 of fixed assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for
 its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the
 period till such assets are ready for its intended use.
 
 From accounting periods commencing on or after December 7, 2006, the
 Company adjusts exchange differences arising on translation/settlement
 of long-term foreign currency monetary items pertaining to the
 acquisition of a depreciable asset to the cost of the asset and
 depreciates the same over the remaining life of the asset.
 
 d) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets
 
 Depreciation is provided using the Straight Line Method, using the
 rates arrived at based on the useful lives of the fixed assets
 estimated by the management, which corresponds to the rate prescribed
 under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
 
 Leasehold improvements are amortised over the period of the lease or
 its estimated useful life whichever is lower.
 
 Leasehold land is amortised on a straight line basis over the period of
 lease (95 years for land at Mahape and 77 years for land at Surat).
 
 Assets acquired on hire purchase/finance lease are generally
 depreciated over the period of useful life of assets on a straight-
 line basis unless there is no reasonable certainty that the ownership
 of the asset would be obtained at the end of the agreement term. Where
 there is no reasonable certainty that the ownership of the asset would
 be obtained at the end of the agreement term such assets are
 depreciated over the shorter of the contract term or the asset''s useful
 life in accordance with the Company''s normal depreciation policy.
 
 e) Intangible assets
 
 Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and
 accumulated impairment losses if any.  Software is amortized over its
 estimated useful life of six years on straight-line method.
 
 f) Inventories
 
 Raw materials, packing materials, stores and spares
 
 Lower of cost or net realizable value. However, materials and other
 items held for use in the production of inventories are not written
 down below cost if the finished products in which they will be
 incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Custom Duty on
 imported stock lying at custom bonded warehouse is not provided pending
 decision on clearance under export incentive scheme. Cost is determined
 on a FIFO basis by applying specific identification method for paper
 and on FIFO basis for other raw materials, packing materials, stores
 and spares.
 
 Work-in-progress and finished goods
 
 Lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes materials and
 labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal
 operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty
 wherever applicable. Cost is determined on FIFO basis.
 
 Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
 course of business, less estimated cost of completion and estimated
 costs necessary to make the sale.
 
 g) Investments
 
 Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for
 not more than one year from the date on which such investments are
 made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are
 classified as long-term investments.
 
 On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost
 comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges
 such as brokerage, fees and duties.
 
 Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of
 cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis.
 Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for
 diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary
 in the value of the investments.
 
 On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying
 amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the
 statement of profit and loss.
 
 h) Revenue recognition
 
 Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
 economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
 reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must
 also be met before revenue is recognized:
 
 Sale of Goods:
 
 Sales of printed material and fulfillment product are recognized on
 transfer of property in goods and performance of service.  Sales are
 inclusive of excise duty, wherever applicable, but net of trade
 discount and other applicable taxes. Export sales are net of freight
 expense. The Company collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT)
 on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic
 benefits flowing to the Company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue.
 
 Income from Services:
 
 Revenue from services is recognized as and when the services are
 rendered.
 
 Export incentives:
 
 Export incentive principally comprises of duty drawback, Duty
 Entitlement Pass Book credit, excise duty rebate and other benefits
 available to the Company based on guidelines formulated for the
 respective schemes by the government authorities.
 
 These incentives are recognized as revenue on accrual basis to the
 extent it is probable that realization is certain.
 
 Interest:
 
 Revenue is recognized on a time proportion basis taking in to account
 the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
 
 Dividends:
 
 Revenue is recognized when the shareholders right to receive payment is
 established by the balance sheet date.
 
 i) Borrowing costs
 
 Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs
 incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange
 differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they
 are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
 
 Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
 or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
 of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
 part of the cost of the respective asset.  All other borrowing costs
 are expensed in the period they occur.
 
 j) Foreign currency translation
 
 Foreign currency transactions and balances
 
 Initial Recognition:
 
 Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
 by applying to the foreign currency amount, the exchange rate between
 the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
 transaction.
 
 Conversion:
 
 Foreign currency monetary items are translated using the exchange rates
 prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items which are carried
 in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are
 reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and
 non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar
 valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the
 exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
 
 Exchange differences
 
 From accounting periods commencing on or after December 7, 2006, the
 Company accounts for exchange differences arising on translation/
 settlement of foreign currency monetary items as below:
 
 1.  Exchange differences arising on long-term foreign currency monetary
 items related to acquisition of a fixed asset are capitalized and
 depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset. For this
 purpose, the Company treats a foreign monetary item as long-term
 foreign currency monetary item, if it has a term of 12 months or more
 at the date of its origination.
 
 2.  Exchange differences arising on other long-term foreign currency
 monetary items are accumulated in the Foreign Currency Monetary Item
 Translation Difference Account and amortized over the remaining life
 of the concerned monetary item but not beyond accounting period ended
 on or before March 31, 2020.
 
 All other exchange differences are recognized as income or as expenses
 in the period in which they arise.
 
 Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk
 of an existing asset/liability
 
 The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
 contract is amortized and recognized as an expense/ income over the
 life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts, except
 the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are
 recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which
 the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation
 or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as
 income or as expense for the period. Any gain/loss arising on forward
 contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items is
 recognized in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 above.
 
 k) Retirement and other employee benefits
 
 Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund and Superannuation
 fund are defined contribution schemes and the contributions are charged
 to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to
 the respective funds are due.  There are no other obligations other
 than the contribution payable to the respective trusts.
 
 Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and the cost is
 provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on Projected Unit
 Credit method made at the end of each financial year.
 
 Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates.
 Long-term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial
 valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per Projected Unit Credit
 Method.
 
 Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to statement of profit and
 loss and are not deferred.
 
 I) Leases (where the Company is lessee)
 
 Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the Company substantially
 all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item,
 are capitalized at the inception of lease term at the lower of the fair
 value and present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments
 are apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of the lease
 liability based on the implicit rate of return. Finance charges are
 recognized as finance cost in the profit and loss account. Lease
 management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs are
 capitalized.
 
 Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the
 risks and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as
 operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
 in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease
 term.
 
 m) Impairment of Tangible and Intangible assets
 
 The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an
 indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or
 when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company
 estimates the asset''s recoverable amount.  An asset''s recoverable
 amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) net
 selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is
 determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate
 cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or
 groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds
 its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written
 down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the
 estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using
 a pre-tax discount rate that reflects currency market assessments of
 the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In
 determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken
 into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified,
 an appropriate valuation model is used.
 
 After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
 amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
 
 An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any
 indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer
 exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company
 estimates the asset''s or cash- generating unit''s recoverable amount. A
 previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has
 been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s
 recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The
 reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not
 exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that
 would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss
 been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is
 recognized in the statement of profit and loss unless the asset is
 carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal is treated as
 a revaluation increase.
 
 n) Income taxes
 
 Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is
 measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
 accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India and tax laws
 prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company
 operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are
 those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.
 
 Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between
 taxable income and accounting income originating during the currency
 year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred
 tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or
 substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets
 and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right
 exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities
 and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the
 taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws.
 
 Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing
 differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible timing
 differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that
 sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
 deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company
 has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred
 tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported
 by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable
 profits.
 
 In the situations where the Company is entitled to a tax holiday under
 the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India or tax laws prevailing in the
 respective tax jurisdictions where it operates, no deferred tax (asset
 or liability) is recognized in respect of timing differences which
 reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company''s
 gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday
 period. Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which reverse
 after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the
 timing differences originate. However, the Company restricts
 recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become
 reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
 sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
 deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes,
 the timing differences which originate first are considered to reverse
 first.
 
 At each balance sheet date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized
 deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax asset to
 the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
 as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be
 available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
 
 The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each
 reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred
 tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
 virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
 income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
 realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
 reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
 sufficient future taxable income will be available.
 
 Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement
 of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit
 available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing
 evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the
 specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to
 be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT
 credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting
 for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the
 Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the
 statement of profit and loss and shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The
 Company reviews the MAT credit entitlement asset at each reporting
 date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have
 convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified
 period.
 
 o) Employee Stock Option Plan
 
 The measurement and disclosure of employee share-based payment plans is
 done in accordance with SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee
 Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on
 Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute
 of Chartered Accountants of India. The Company measures compensation
 cost relating to employee stock options using the intrinsic value
 method. Compensation expense is amortized over the vesting period of
 the option on a straight line basis.
 
 p) Segment reporting
 
 Identification of segments
 
 The Company operates in a single business segment in view of the nature
 of the products and services provided. The analysis of geographical
 segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of
 the Company operate.
 
 Segment Accounting Policies
 
 The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the
 accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial
 statements of the Company as a whole.
 
 q) Earnings per Share
 
 Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
 loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
 average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The
 weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period
 is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a rights
 issue, share split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares)
 that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a
 corresponding change in resources.
 
 For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
 profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
 the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
 adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
 
 r) Provisions
 
 A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as
 a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources
 embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation
 and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
 Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined
 based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the
 reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and
 adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
 
 s) Cash and cash equivalents
 
 Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement
 comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an
 original maturity of three months or less.
 
 t) Contingent liabilities
 
 A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
 events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
 non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
 control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized
 because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
 required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises
 in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be
 recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not
 recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the
 financial statements.
 
 u) Derivative instruments
 
 In accordance with ICAI announcement, derivative contracts, other than
 foreign currency forward contracts covered under AS 11 are marked to
 market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss, if any, after
 considering the offsetting effect of gain on the underlying hedged
 item, is charged to the statement of profit and loss. Net gain, if any,
 after considering the offsetting effect of loss on the underlying
 hedged item, is ignored.
 
 v) Measurement of EBITDA
 
 As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the
 Companies Act, 1956, the Company has elected to present earnings before
 interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) as a separate
 line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. The Company
 measures EBITDA on the basis of proW(loss) from continuing operations.
 In its measurement, the Company does not include depreciation and
 amortization expense, finance costs and tax expense.
Source : Dion Global Solutions Limited
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