1. BASIS OF PREPARATION:
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost
basis and conform, in all material aspects, to Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India which encompasses applicable
statutory provisions, regulatory norms prescribed by Reserve Bank of
India (RBI), Accounting Standards (AS) and pronouncements issued by The
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) and prevailing
practices in Banking industry in India.
2. METHOD OF ACCOUNTING:
The Financial Statements have been prepared on the going concern basis
with accrual concept and in accordance with the accounting policies and
practices consistently followed unless otherwise stated.
3. FIXED ASSETS
3.1 Fixed assets are stated at historical cost except those premises,
which have been revalued. The appreciation on revaluation is credited
to revaluation reserve and incremental depreciation attributable to the
revalued amount is deducted therefrom.
3.2 a) Depreciation on assets (including land where value is not
separable) are provided on straight-line method based on estimated life
of the asset.
c) Assets taken over from erstwhile New Bank of India and Nedungadi
Bank Ltd. are depreciated based on their estimated life based on broad
groups / categories instead of individual assets.
d) Depreciation on additions to assets is provided from the month in
which the asset is put to use and in case of assets sold/disposed of
during the year, upto the month preceding the month in which it is
sold/disposed of.
4. ADVANCES
4.1 Advances are classified as performing and non-performing assets;
provisions are made in accordance with prudential norms prescribed by
RBI.
4.2 Advances are stated net of provisions in respect of non- performing
assets.
4.3 Offices outside India / Offshore Banking Units:
a) Advances are classified under categories in line with those of
Indian Offices.
b) Provisions in respect of advances are made as per the local law
requirements or as per the norms of RBI, whichever is higher.
4.4. Financial Assets sold are recognized as under:
a) In case the sale is at a price lower than the Net Book Value (NBV)
the shortfall is charged to the Profit and Loss Account.
b) In case the sale is at a price higher than the NBV, the surplus
provision is retained to meet shortfall/loss on account of sale of
other non-performing financial assets.
4.5 For restructured/rescheduled advances, provisions are made in
accordance with guidelines issued by RBI.
5. INVESTMENTS
5.1 Investments are classified into six categories as stipulated in
form A of the third schedule to the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
5.2 Investments have been categorized into “Held to Maturity”,
“Available for Sale” and “Held for Trading” in terms of RBI guidelines.
Securities acquired by the Bank with an intention to hold till maturity
is classified under “Held to Maturity”.
5.3 The securities acquired by the Bank with an intention to trade by
taking advantage of short-term price/ interest rate movements are
classified under “Held for Trading”.
5.4 The securities, which do not fall within the above two categories,
are classified under “Available for Sale”.
5.5 Transfer of securities from one category to another is carried out
at the lower of acquisition cost/ book value/ market value on the date
of transfer. The depreciation, if any, on such transfer is fully
provided for.
5.6 In determining acquisition cost of an investment
a) Brokerage / commission received on subscription is deducted from the
cost of securities.
b) Brokerage, commission etc. paid in connection with acquisition of
securities are treated as revenue expenses.
c) Interest accrued up to the date of acquisition of securities i.e.
broken - period interest is excluded from the acquisition cost and the
same is accounted in interest accrued but not due account.
5.7 Investments are valued as per RBI/ FIMMDA guidelines, on the
following basis:
Held to Maturity
i) Investments under “ Held to Maturity “ category are carried at
acquisition cost. Wherever the book value is higher than the face
value/redemption value, the premium is amortized over the remaining
period to maturity.
ii) Investments in subsidiaries/joint ventures/associates are valued at
carrying cost less diminution, other than temporary, in nature.
iii) Investments in sponsored regional rural banks are valued at
carrying cost.
iv) Investment in venture capital is valued at carrying cost.
Available for Sale and Held for Trading
a) Govt. Securities
I. Central Govt. Securities At market prices/YTM as
published by Fixed Income Money
Market And Derivatives
Association of India (FIMMDA)
II. State Govt. Securities On appropriate yield to
maturity basis as per FIMMDA/RBI
guidelines.
b) Securities guaranteed by On appropriate yield to
Central/State Government, maturity basis as per
PSU Bonds (not in the FIMMDA/RBI guidelines
nature of advances)
c) Treasury Bills At carrying cost
d) Equity shares At market price, if quoted,
otherwise at break up value of
the Shares as per latest
Balance Sheet(not more than
one year old), otherwise at
Re.1 per company
e) Preference shares At market price, if quoted
or on appropriate yield to
maturity basis not exceeding
redemption value as per
RBI/FIMMDA guidelines.
f) Bonds and debentures (not At market price, if quoted,
in the nature of advances) or on appropriate yield to
maturity basis as per RBI/
FIMMDA guidelines.
g) Units of mutual funds As per stock exchange
quotation, if quoted; at
repurchase price/NAV, if
unquoted
h) Commercial paper At carrying cost
i) Certificate of Deposits At carrying cost.
j) Security receipts of ARCIL At net asset value of the
asset as declared by ARCIL
k) Venture Capital Funds At net asset value (NAV)
declared by the VCF
l) Other Investments At carrying cost less
diminution in value
The above valuation in category of Available for Sale and Held for
Trading are done scrip wise and depreciation / appreciation is
aggregated for each classification. Net depreciation for each
classification if any is provided for while net appreciation is
ignored.
5.8 Investments are subject to appropriate provisioning/ de-
recognition of income, in line with the prudential norms of Reserve
Bank of India for NPI classification. The depreciation/ provision in
respect of non-performing securities is not set off against the
appreciation in respect of the other performing securities.
5.9 Profit or loss on sale of investments in any category is taken to
Profit and Loss account but, in case of profit on sale of investments
in “Held to Maturity” category, an equivalent amount is appropriated to
“Capital Reserve Account”.
5.10 Securities repurchased/resold under buy back arrangement are
accounted for at original cost.
5.11 The derivatives transactions are undertaken for trading or hedging
purposes. Trading transactions are marked to market. As per RBI
guidelines, different category of swaps are valued as under: -
Hedge Swaps
Interest rate swaps which hedges interest bearing asset or liability is
accounted for on accrual basis except the swap designated with an asset
or liability that is carried at market value or lower of cost in the
financial statement.
Gain or losses on the termination of swaps are recognized over the
shorter of the remaining contractual life of the swap or the remaining
life of the asset/liabilities.
Trading Swaps
Trading swap transactions are marked to market with changes recorded in
the financial statements.
5.12 Foreign currency options
Foreign currency options written by the bank with a back- to-back
contract with another bank is not marked to market since there is no
market risk.
Premium received is held as a liability and transferred to the Profit
and Loss Account on maturity/cancellation.
6. TRANSLATION OF FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS & BALANCES:
a) Except advances of erstwhile London branches which are accounted for
at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of parking in India, all
other monetary assets and liabilities, guarantees, acceptances,
endorsements and other obligations are translated in Indian Rupee
equivalent at the exchange rates prevailing at the end of the year as
per Foreign Exchange Dealers’ Association of India (FEDAI) guidelines.
b) Non-monetary items other than fixed assets are translated at
exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction.
c) Forward exchange contracts are translated at the year end rates
notified by FEDAI and the resultant Gain/loss on evaluation is taken to
profit & Loss Account.
d) Income and expenditure items are accounted for at the exchange rate
prevailing on the date of transaction.
e) Offices outside India / Offshore Banking Units:
(i) Operations of foreign branches and off shore banking unit are
classified as “Non-integral foreign operations” and operations of
representative offices abroad are classified as “integral foreign
operations”.
(ii) Foreign currency transactions of integral foreign operations and
non-integral foreign operations are accounted for as prescribed by
AS-11.
(iii) Exchange Fluctuation on Profit / loss of non-integral operations
are credited /debited to exchange fluctuation reserve.
7. TAXES ON INCOME
Current tax is determined on the amount of tax payable in respect of
taxable income for the year and accordingly provision for tax is made.
The deferred tax charge or credit is recognized using the tax rates
that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the Balance Sheet
date. In terms of Accounting Standard 22 issued by ICAI, provision for
deferred tax liability is made on the basis of review at each Balance
Sheet date and deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is
virtual certainty of realization of such assets in future. Deferred tax
assets/ liabilities are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date based on
developments during the year.
8. EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS
- PROVIDENT FUND:
Provident fund is a defined contribution scheme as the Bank pays fixed
contribution at pre-determined rates. The obligation of the Bank is
limited to such fixed contribution. The contributions are charged to
Profit &
Loss A/c.
- GRATUITY:
Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for
on the basis of an actuarial valuation made at the end of the financial
year. The scheme is funded by the bank and is managed by a separate
trust.
- PENSION:
Pension liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for
on the basis of an actuarial valuation made at the end of the financial
year. The scheme is funded by the bank and is managed by a separate
trust.
- COMPENSATED ABSENCES:
Accumulating compensated absences such as Privilege Leave (PL) and Sick
Leave (including un-availed casual leave) is provided for based on
actuarial valuation.
- OTHER EMPLOYEE BENEFITS:
Other Employee benefits such as Leave Fare Concession (LFC), Silver
jubilee award, Medical Benefits etc. are provided for based on
actuarial valuation.
In respect of overseas branches and offices, the benefits in respect of
employees other than those on deputation are accounted for as per laws
prevailing in the respective countries.
9. IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS
Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in accordance with the
accounting standard issued in this regard by ICAI and impairment loss
on any revalued asset is treated as a revaluation decrease.
10. REVENUE RECOGNITION
10.1 Income / expenditure (other than items referred to in paragraph
10.4) is generally accounted for on accrual basis.
10.2 Income on non-performing assets is recognized on realisation as
per RBI guidelines.
10.3 Recovery in non-performing advances is appropriated first towards
recorded interest and thereafter towards (i) arrears of instalments in
term loans and (ii) principal irregularity in other accounts. However,
recovery in suit filed (including accounts where recovery is under
SARFEASI Act), decreed accounts and compromise
cases is first appropriated towards principal or as per terms of
decree/settlement.
10.4 Commission (excluding on Government Business), interest on overdue
bills, exchange, locker rent, income from merchant banking
transactions, dividend income and insurance claims are accounted for on
realization/settlement.
10.5 Income from interest on refund of income tax is accounted for in
the year the order is passed by the concerned authority.
11. OTHERS
Interest on unpaid and unclaimed matured term deposits are accounted
for at savings bank rate. Interest differential on matured term deposit
for overdue period is accounted for as and when such deposits are
renewed as per bank’s rule.
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