(a) Basis of Accounting
The financial statements have been prepared and presented under the
historical cost convention on an accrual basis of accounting and in
accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and
accounting principles generally accepted in India and comply with the
accounting standards prescribed in the Companies (Accounting Standards)
Rules, 2006 issued by the Central Government, in consultation with the
National Advisory Committee on Accounting Standards, to the extent
applicable.
(b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of
contingent liabilities on the date of financial statements. Actual
results could differ from those estimates. Any revision to accounting
estimates is recognized prospectively in current and future periods.
(c) Fixed Assets and Depreciation/Amortization
Tangible Assets
(i) All fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated
depreciation/amortization and impairment losses. The cost of fixed
assets includes taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable from
tax authorities), duties, freight and other incidental expenses related
to the acquisition and installation of the respective assets.
(ii) Assets costing individually up to Rs. 5000 are written off and
those costing more than Rs. 5000 but up to US$ 5000 are fully
depreciated in the year of purchase except that -
multiple-like items the cost of which is over US$ 10000 in the
aggregate; and
unlike items of a capital nature within an asset category for large
scale projects the aggregate cost of which exceeds US$ 10000 are
considered as one asset and depreciated in accordance with the
accounting policy stated in (iii) below.
(iii) Depreciation/amortization for the year has been provided on
straight line method at the higher of the rates determined by the
Company based on the estimated useful life of the assets or the rates
specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation on
additions other than those stated in (ii) above is provided on a
pro-rata basis from the month of capitalisation. Depreciation on
deletions during the year is provided up to the month in which the
asset is sold / discarded.
(vi) Assets that have been retired from active use and held for
disposal are stated at the lower of their net book value and net
realisable value as estimated by the Company.
Intangible Assets
(i) Intangible assets comprises of trademarks. Trademarks are recorded
at their acquisition cost and are amortised over the lower of their
estimated useful life and period of ownership on straight line basis
i.e. over a period of 3 years.
(ii) Intangible assets comprises of cost of application software. Cost
of Application Software are recorded at its acquisition cost and is
amortized on straight-line basis over 3 to 5 years, which in
managements estimate represents the period during which economic
benefits will be derived from their use. Cost of Application Software
not exceeding Rs. 50 lakhs is being charged to the Profit and Loss
Account.
(iii) Revenue expenditure on research and development is expensed as
incurred. Capital expenditure on research and development is
capitalised as fixed assets and depreciated in accordance with the
depreciation policy of the Company.
Impairment of Assets
In accordance with Accounting Standard 28 (AS 28) on ‘Impairment of
Assets where there is an indication of impairment of the Companys
assets, the carrying amounts of the Companys assets are reviewed at
each Balance Sheet date to determine whether there is any impairment.
The recoverable amount of the assets (or where applicable that of the
cash generating unit to which the asset belongs) is estimated at the
higher of its net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is
the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from
the continuing use of the assets and from its disposal at the end of
its useful life. An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying
amount of an asset or a cash- generating unit exceeds its recoverable
amount. Impairment loss is recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.
(d) Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions in foreign exchange are accounted for at the standard
exchange rates as determined by the Company on a monthly basis. The
exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled
during the year are recognized in the Profit and Loss Account of the
year.
Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign exchange, which are
outstanding as at the year end, are translated at year end at the
closing exchange rate and the resultant exchange differences are
recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.
(e) Investments
Long-term investments are stated at cost less other than temporary
diminution in value, determined separately for each individual
investment.
(f) Inventories
Raw materials, work-in-process, finished goods, and packing materials
are valued at the lower of weighted average cost and net realizable
value. Cost of finished goods and work-in-process includes cost of
materials, direct labour and an appropriate portion of overheads.
Stores and maintenance spares are valued at average cost.
The net realizable value of work-in-process is determined with
reference to the selling price of related finished goods. Raw materials
and other supplies held for use in production of inventories are not
written down below cost except in cases where material prices have
declined, and it is estimated that the cost of the finished products
will exceed their net realizable value.
Finished goods expiring within 90 days (near-expiry inventory) as at
the Balance Sheet date have been fully provided for.
(g) Samples
Physicians samples are valued at standard cost, which approximates
actual cost and are charged to the Profit and Loss Account when
distributed.
(h) Revenue Recognition
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when significant risks and
rewards of ownership are transferred to the customers. Sales are net
of sales returns and trade discounts. Revenue from services is
recognized as and when services are rendered and related costs are
incurred, in accordance with the terms of the specific contracts.
Interest income is recognized on time proportionate basis.
(i) Employee Benefits
Short-term employee benefits:
All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering
the service are classified as short-term employee benefits. These
benefits include compensated absences such as paid annual leave and
sickness leave. The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits
expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees
is recognized as an expense during the period.
Long Term employee benefits:
(i) Defined contribution plan:
The Companys contribution towards employees Super Annuation Plan is
recognized as an expense during the period. (ii) Defined benefit
plans:
Provident Fund:
Provident Fund contributions are made to a Trust administered by the
Trustees. Trust makes investments and is settling members claims.
Interest payable to the members shall not be at a rate lower than the
statutory rate. Liability is recognized for any shortfall in the plan
assets vis-a-vis actuarially determined liability of the Fund
obligation.
Gratuity Plan:
The Companys gratuity benefit scheme is a defined benefit plan. The
Companys net obligation in respect of the gratuity benefit scheme is
calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees
have earned in return for their service in the current and prior
periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value, and
the fair value of any plan assets is deducted.
The present value of the obligation as at the Balance Sheet date under
such defined benefit plan is determined based on actuarial valuation
using the Projected Unit Credit Method by an independent actuary, which
recognizes each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of
employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build
up the final obligation.
The obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future
cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value
of the obligation under defined benefit plan, are based on the market
yields on Government securities as at the Balance Sheet date.
Actuarial gains and losses are recognized immediately in the Profit and
Loss Account.
(iii) Other Long-term employment benefits:
Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve
months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the
related services are recognized as a liability at the present value of
the defined benefit obligation as at the Balance Sheet date using
Projected Unit Credit method by an independent actuary. The discount
rates used for determining the present value of the obligation under
defined benefit plan, are based on the market yields on Government
securities as at the Balance Sheet date.
(j) Leases
Lease rentals under an operating lease, are recognized as an expense in
the statement of Profit and Loss Account on a straight line basis over
the lease term. Lease income from operating leases is recognized in the
Profit and Loss Account on a straight line basis over the lease term.
(k) Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS)
Liability under the VRS is accrued on the acceptance of the
applications of the employees under the VRS scheme issued by the
Company and is charged to the Profit and Loss Account.
(l) Taxation
Income tax expense comprises current tax, deferred tax charge or credit
and fringe benefits tax. Provision for current tax is based on the
results for the 16 months period ended 31 March 2011, in accordance
with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
The deferred tax charge or credit is recognized using substantively
enacted rates. In the case of unabsorbed depreciation or carried
forward losses, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent
there is virtual certainty of realization of such assets. Other
deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent there is
reasonable certainty of realization in future. Such assets are reviewed
as at each Balance Sheet date to reassess realization.
Fringe Benefits Tax is not applicable since April 2009.
(m) Earnings per Share
Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing the net
profit after tax attributable to equity shareholders for the year, with
the weighted number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
(n) Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
The Company creates a provision when there exists a present obligation
as a result of a past event that probably requires an outflow of
resources and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the
obligation. A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there
is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably
will not, require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible
obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood
of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
Contingent assets are not recognized in financial statements.
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