a. Basis of Preparation of financial statement:
The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian GAAP
under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis. GAAP
comprises mandatory accounting standards prescribed by the Companies
(Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and guidelines issued by SEBI.
Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly
issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an
existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy
hitherto in use.
b. Use of Estimates:
The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with the GAAP
requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported balances of assets and liabilities and the disclosures
relating to contingent liabilities as at the date of financial
statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the
reporting period.
Accounting estimates could change from period to period. Actual results
could differ from those estimates. Appropriate changes in estimates are
made as the Management becomes aware of changes in circumstances
surrounding the estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in the
financial statements in the period in which changes are made and, if
material, their effects are disclosed in the notes to the financial
statements.
The Management periodically assesses using, external and internal
sources, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired.
An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying value of an
asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the
higher of the asset''s net selling price and value in use, which means
the present value of future cash flows expected to arise from the
continuing use of the asset and its eventual disposal. An impairment
loss for an asset other than goodwill is reversed if, and only if, the
reversal can be related objectively to an event occurring after the
impairment loss was recognized. The carrying amount of an asset other
than goodwill is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided
that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have
been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation)
had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in previous years.
c. Revenue Recognition:
The company generally follows mercantile system of accounting and
recognizes significant terms of income and expenditure on accrual
basis.
i. Revenue is primarily derived from software development and related
services, licensing of software products and business process
management. Arrangements with clients are either on a fixed-price,
fixed-timeframe or on a time-and-material basis. Revenue on time-and-
material contracts is recognized as the related services are performed.
Revenue from fixed- price, fixed-timeframe contracts, where there is no
uncertainty as to measurement or collectability of consideration, is
recognized based upon the percentage-of-completion.
Parle Software Ltd. When there is uncertainty as to measurement or
ultimate collectability, revenue recognition is postponed until such
uncertainty is resolved. Provision for estimated losses, if any, on
uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses
become probable based on the current estimates. Revenue from the sale
of user licenses for software applications is recognized on transfer of
the title in the user license. Revenue from client training, support
and other services arising out of the sale of software products is
recognized as the related services are performed.
ii. Revenue from sale of finished properties / buildings / Land are
recognized on transfer of property and once significant risks and
rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer. Similarly,
revenue from sale of Transferable Development Rights (TDR) is
recognized on transfer of the rights to the buyer. Revenue recognition
is postponed to the extent of significant uncertainty.
iii. Profit on sale of investments is recorded on transfer of title by
the company and is determined as the difference between the sale price
and carrying value of the investment. Lease rentals are recognized
ratably on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Interest is
recognized using the time-proportion method, based on rates implicit in
the transaction. Dividend income is recognized when the right to
receive dividend is established.
d. Fixed assets, including goodwill, intangible assets and capital
work-in-progress: Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated
depreciation and impairments, if any. Direct costs are capitalized
until fixed assets are ready for use. Capital work-in-progress
comprises outstanding advances paid to acquire fixed assets and the
cost of fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use at
the reporting date. Intangible assets are recorded at the consideration
paid for acquisition of such assets and are carried at cost less
accumulated amortization and impairment. Goodwill comprises the excess
of purchase consideration over the fair value of the net assets of the
acquired enterprise. Goodwill arising on acquisition is not amortized
but is tested for impairment.
e. Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on the straight-line method
based on useful lives of assets as estimated by the Management.
Depreciation for assets purchased / sold during the period is
proportionately charged. Intangible assets are amortized over their
respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis,
commencing from the date the asset is available for its use. Leasehold
improvements are written off over the lower of the remaining primary
Period of lease or the life of the asset. Depreciation methods, useful
lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date.
Cost of Application Software for internal use are generally charged to
revenue as incurred due to its estimated useful lives being relatively
short, usually less than one year.
f. Investments:
Trade investments are the investments made to enhance the company''s
business interests. Investments are either classified as current or
long term based on the Management''s intention at the time of purchase.
Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value of each
investment individually. Long-term investments are carried at cost less
provisions recorded to recognize any decline, other than temporary, in
the carrying value of each investment.
g. Borrowing Costs:
Borrowing costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost
of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a
substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale.
All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
h. Income Taxes:
i) Income taxes are accrued at the same period in which the related
revenue and expenses
arise. A provision is made for income tax annually based on the tax
liability computed after considering tax allowances and exemptions.
Provisions are recorded when it is estimated that a liability due to
disallowances or other matters is probable. MAT paid in accordance to
the tax laws, which gives rise to future economic benefits in the form
of tax credit against future income tax liability, is recognized as an
asset in the Balance Sheet if there is convincing evidence that the
company will pay normal tax after the tax holiday period and the
resultant asset can be measured reliably. The company offsets, on a
year-on-year basis, the current tax assets and liabilities, where it
has a legally enforceable right and where it intends to settle such
assets and liabilities on a net basis.
ii)Deferred tax resulting from timing differences between book and
taxable profit is accounted for using the tax rates and laws that have
been enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date. The
deferred tax asset is recognized and carried forward only to the extent
that there is a reasonable /virtual certainty that the asset will be
realized in future. Provision for Income Tax includes provision for
current Tax & Deferred Tax liabilities/ Assets.
i. Provision and Contingent Liabilities:
A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company
has a present legal obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it
is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to
settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by the best estimate
of the outflow of economic benefits required to settle the obligation
at the reporting date. Where no reliable estimate can be made, a
disclosure is made as contingent liability. A disclosure for a
contingent liability is also made when there is a possible obligation
or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an
outflow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present
obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources
is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
j. Research and development:
Research costs are expensed as incurred. Software product development
costs are expensed as incurred unless technical and commercial
feasibility of the project is demonstrated, future economic benefits
are probable, the Company has an intention and ability to complete and
use or sell the software and that these costs can be measured reliably.
k. Foreign Currency Transactions
Revenues are accounted at daily rates. Exchange fluctuations arising on
realization are dealt with in the Profit and Loss Account.
l. Earning Per Share:
Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit after
tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during
the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net
profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares
considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted
average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon
conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. The diluted
potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had
the shares been actually issued at fair value, which is the average
market value of the outstanding shares. Dilutive potential equity
shares are deemed converted as at the beginning of the period, unless
issued at a later date. The number of shares and potentially dilutive
equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented
for any share splits and bonus shares issues, including for changes
effected prior to the approval of the financial statements by the Board
of Directors.
m. Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and cash on deposit with banks
and corporations. The company considers all highly liquid investments
with a remaining maturity at the date of purchase of three months or
less and that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash to be
cash equivalents.
n. Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit
before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash
nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash
receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with
investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating,
investing and financing activities of the company are segregated.
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