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Orient Abrasives
BSE: 504879|NSE: ORIENTABRA|ISIN: INE569C01020|SECTOR: Abrasives
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« Mar 11
Accounting Policy Year : Mar '12
(a) CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING POLICY 
 
 Presentation and disclosure of financial statements
 
 During the year ended March 31, 2012, the Revised Schedule VI notified
 under the Companies Act 1956, has become applicable to the Company, for
 preparation and presentation of its financial statements.  The adoption
 of Revised Schedule VI does not impact recognition and measurement
 principles followed for preparation of financial statements, however,
 it has significant impact on presentation and disclosures made in the
 financial statements. The Company has also reclassified the previous
 year figures in accordance with the requirements applicable in the
 current year.
 
 (b) USE OF ESTIMATES
 
 The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP
 requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions
 that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
 liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of
 the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the
 management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty
 about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes
 requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or
 liabilities in future periods.
 
 (c) tangible fixed assets
 
 Fixed assets, are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and
 accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase
 price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met and directly
 attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
 the intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in
 arriving at the purchase price.
 
 Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to
 its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the
 existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
 All other expenses on existing fixed assets, including day-to-day
 repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are
 charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which
 such expenses are incurred.
 
 Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured
 as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying
 amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and
 loss when the asset is derecognized.
 
 (d) depreciation on tangible fixed assets
 
 Depreciation on leasehold land is provided over the unexpired period of
 lease, which is 20 years and depreciation on leasehold improvements
 which includes temporary structures is provided over unexpired period
 of lease or estimated useful life whichever is lower.
 
 Depreciation on all other fixed assets is provided on straight line
 method as per rates computed based on estimated useful lives, which are
 equal to the corresponding rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the
 Companies Act, 1956.  Assets costing below Rs. 5,000 are depreciated at
 the rate of 100%.
 
 (e) INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 
 Intangible assets amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated
 useful economic life. The Company uses a rebuttable presumption that
 the useful life of software will not exceed five years from the date
 when the assets is available for use.
 
 (f) IMPAIRMENT
 
 The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
 if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external
 factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount
 of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
 the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In
 assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
 to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects
 current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks
 specific to the asset.
 
 (g) LEASES
 
 Where the Company is the lessee
 
 where the lesser effectively retains substantially all the risks and
 benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating
 leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the
 statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease
 term.
 
 (h) INVESTMENTS
 
 Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not
 more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
 investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
 investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
 an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at
 cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a
 decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.
 
 (i) INVENTORIES
 
 Inventories are valued as follows:
 
 Raw materials, goods purchased for resale, stores and spare parts
 
 Lower of cost and net realizable value. Materials and other items held
 for use in the production of inventories are not written down below
 cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are
 expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on weighted
 average basis.
 
 Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials
 and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on
 Work-in-progress and finished goods normal operating capacity. Cost of
 finished goods includes excise duty, wherever applicable. Cost is
 determined on a weighted average basis.
 
 Waste Net realizable value
 
 Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
 course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated
 cost necessary to make sale.
 
 (j) REVENUE RECOGNITION
 
 Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
 economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
 reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must
 also be met before revenue is recognized.
 
 (i) SALE OF GOODS
 
 Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks
 and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer,
 usually on delivery of the goods. The Company collects sales taxes and
 value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore,
 these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. Hence, they are
 excluded from revenue. Excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the
 amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire
 amount of liability arising during the year.
 
 (ii) INCOME FROM SERVICES
 
 Revenue from services is accounted for in accordance with the terms of
 contracts, as and when these services are rendered.
 
 (iii) POWER GENERATION INCOME
 
 Revenue from sale of power is recognized on accrual basis in accordance
 with the provisions of the the agreements with the respective state
 governments/organization.
 
 (iv) INTEREST
 
 Revenue is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account
 the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
 
 (v) EXPORT BENEFITS
 
 Export benefits under Duty Exemption Pass Book Schemes (DEPB) and Duty
 Drawback are accrued when no significant uncertainties as to the amount
 of consideration that would be derived and as to its ultimate
 collection exist.
 
 (vii) ROYALTY
 
 Revenue is recognized on an accrual basis in accordance with the terms
 of the relevant agreement.
 
 (k) BORROWING COST
 
 Borrowing costs include interest, amortization of ancillary costs
 incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange
 differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they
 are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
 
 Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
 or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
 of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
 part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
 expensed in the period they occur.
 
 (l) FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS 
 
 (i) INITIAL RECOGNITION
 
 Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
 by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
 the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
 transaction.
 
 (ii) CONVERSION
 
 Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the exchange rate
 prevailing at the reporting date.  Non-monetary items which are carried
 in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are
 reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and
 non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar
 valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the
 exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.
 
 (iii) EXCHANGE DIFFERENCES
 
 Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
 reporting company''s monetary items at rates different from those at
 which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
 previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses
 in the year in which they arise.
 
 (iv) FORWARD EXCHANGE CONTRACTS ENTERED INTO TO HEDGE FOREIGN CURRENCY
 RISK OF AN ASSET / LIABILITY
 
 The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
 contracts is amortized as expense or income over the life of the
 contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the
 statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates
 change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of
 forward exchange contract is recognized as income or as expense for
 that year.
 
 (m) DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
 
 In accordance with the ICAI announcement, derivative contracts, other
 than foreign currency forward contracts covered under AS 11, are marked
 to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss, if any, after
 considering the offsetting effect of gain on the underlying hedged
 item, is charged to the statement of profit and loss. Net gain, if any,
 after considering the offsetting effect of loss on the underlying
 hedged item, is ignored.
 
 (n) RETIREMENT AND OTHER BENEFITS
 
 (i) Retirement benefits in the form of provident fund is a defined
 contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the statement
 of profit and loss for the year when the contributions to respective
 funds are due. There are no other obligations other than the
 contribution payable to the fund.
 
 (ii) Gratuity liability is defined benefit obligation and is provided
 for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit
 (PUC) method made at the end of each financial year.
 
 (iii) Short term compensated absences are measured at the expected cost
 of such absences that is expected to be paid as a result of the unused
 entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.
 
 (iv) Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of
 profit and loss and are not deferred.
 
 (o) income taxes
 
 Tax expense comprises of current and deferred taxes. Current income tax
 is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the income tax
 authorities in accordance with Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income
 taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between
 taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of
 timing differences of earlier years.
 
 Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
 enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
 tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable
 certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
 against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.  If the Company
 has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, entire
 deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty
 supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets can be
 realized against future taxable profits.
 
 In the situations where the Company is entitled to a tax holiday under
 the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India or tax laws prevailing in the
 respective tax jurisdictions where it operates, no deferred tax (asset
 or liability) is recognized in respect of timing differences which
 reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company''s
 gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday
 period. Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which reverse
 after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the
 timing differences originate. However, the Company restricts
 recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become
 reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
 sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
 deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes,
 the timing differences which originate first are considered to reverse
 first.
 
 At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognized
 deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to
 the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtual certain, as
 the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be
 available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
 
 The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
 sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
 tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
 virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
 income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
 realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
 reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
 sufficient future taxable income will be available.
 
 Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in during a year is charged to the
 statement of profit and loss as current tax. MAT credit is recognised
 as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence
 that the company will pay normal income tax during the specified period
 i.e. for the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried
 forward. In the year in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be
 recognized as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained
 in guidance note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of
 India, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the statement of
 profit and loss and shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company
 reviews the same at each balance sheet date and writes down the
 carrying amount of MAT Credit Entitlement to the extent there is no
 longer convincing evidence to the effect that Company will pay normal
 Income Tax during the specified period.
 
 (p) SEGMENT REPORTING POLICIES 
 
 Identification of segments Business Segment
 
 The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately
 according to the nature of products and services provided, with each
 segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different
 products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical
 segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of
 the Company operate.
 
 Intersegment Transfers
 
 The Company generally accounts for intersegment sales and transfers as
 if the sales or transfers were to third parties at current market
 prices.
 
 Allocation of common costs
 
 Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the
 relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.
 
 Allocation of other income
 
 Other income are allocated to each segment according to the relative
 contribution of each segment to the other income as per the
 requirements of AS-17.
 
 Unallocated items
 
 General corporate income and expense items are not allocated to any
 business segment.
 
 Segment Policies
 
 The company prepares segment information in conformity with the
 accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial
 statements of the company as a whole.
 
 (q) EARNINGS PER SHARE
 
 Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or
 loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
 average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
 
 For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, net profit
 or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the
 weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are
 adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
 
 (r) PROVISIONS
 
 A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation
 as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of
 resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
 which reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to
 its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
 settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at
 each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
 estimates.
 
 (s) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENT
 
 Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank, cash/cheques in hand
 and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or
 less.
 
 (t) CONTINGENT LIABILITY
 
 A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past
 events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or
 non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the
 control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized
 because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be
 required to settle the obligation. The company does not recognize a
 contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial
 statements.
Source : Dion Global Solutions Limited
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