These financial statements are prepared on an accrual basis, under
historical cost convention and in compliance in all material aspects
with the applicable accounting principles in India, the applicable
accounting standards notified under section 211(3C) of the Companies
Act, 1956 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The
significant accounting policies adopted by the Company are detailed
below:
i) Fixed Assets, Depreciation and Amortisation
Fixed Assets are stated at acquisition cost except where they are taken
over pursuant to an acquisition at a consolidated price. Individual
fixed assets taken over pursuant to acquisition are recorded at their
fair value on the date of acquisition based on valuation carried out by
independent valuers.
Expenses incurred on internal development of educational content and
products are capitalised either individually or as a knowledge bank in
the form of software, once their technical feasibility and ability to
generate future economic benefits is established in accordance with the
requirements of Accounting Standard 26, “Intangible Assets” as notified
under section 211(3C) of the Companies Act, 1956. Expenses incurred
during the research phase till the establishment of commercial
feasibility is charged to the Profit and Loss Account.
Fixed Assets purchased for utilization in implementing certain
contractual obligations with the customers under a project are
depreciated over the period of the contract.
Further, educational content, computer system and software are
technically evaluated each year for their useful economic life and the
unamortised depreciable amount of the asset is charged to Profit and
Loss Account as depreciation/ amortisation over their revised remaining
useful life.
ii) Impairment of Assets
All assets other than inventories, investments and deferred tax asset,
are reviewed for impairment, wherever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
Assets whose carrying value exceeds their recoverable amount are
written down to the recoverable amount.
iii) Investments
Long-term investments are valued at their acquisition cost. Any decline
in the value of the said investment, other than a temporary decline, is
recognised and charged to Profit and Loss Account. Short-term
investments are carried at cost or market value, whichever is lower.
iv) Inventory Valuation – Finished Goods
Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. Cost
is determined using weighted average method and includes applicable
costs incurred in bringing inventories to their present location and
condition.
v) Revenue Recognition
The revenue in respect of sale of courseware, technical information and
reference material and other goods are recognised on dispatch/ delivery
of the material to the customer whereas the revenue from the tuition
activity/ training is recognised over the period of the course
programmes or as per the terms of agreement, as the case may be.
The revenue from time and material contracts is recognised on a man
month basis. In respect of fixed price contracts, including certain
contracts requiring significant usage of contents capitalized as
education software relating to courseware and products (Intellectual
Property Rights), revenue is recognised based on the technical
evaluation of utilization of courseware and products and as per the
proportionate completion method. The foreseeable losses on completion
of contract, if any, are provided for.
The Company undertakes fixed price projects for supply/
installation/maintenance of technology equipment & infrastructure set-
up, providing educational product and educational services. Revenue
from initial project set up activities & development of products under
such contracts is recognised under proportionate completion method. The
revenue in such contracts from sale of technology equipments is
recognised on delivery of the technology equipment when substantial
risks and rewards of ownership in such technology equipment pass to the
customer based on contractual terms of the respective contracts and in
respect of technology equipments, which are not sold, the revenue from
the same along with the revenue from educational services is recognised
over the contracted period of service. Deferred Revenue represents
unamortised amounts billed to customers in advance for products,
services or subscriptions.
Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive dividend is
established. Interest income is recognised on accrual basis.
In respect of sale and lease back transactions, revenue is recognised
on delivery of the product. Gain on sale on such transactions is
recognised in the Profit and Loss Account over the lease period of the
respective product.
vi) Employee Benefits Gratuity
NIIT provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (the
“Gratuity Plan”) covering eligible employees in accordance with the
Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump sum
payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or
termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective
employees salary and the tenure of employment. Companys liability is
actuarially determined at the end of the year and any shortfall in the
fund size maintained by the Trust set up by the Company with Life
Insurance Corporation of India is additionally provided for.
Actuarial losses/ gains are charged/ credited to the Profit and Loss
Account in the year in which such losses/ gains arise.
Compensated Absences
Liability in respect of compensated absences is provided both for
encashable leave and those expected to be availed. The Company has
defined benefit plans for compensated absences for employees, the
liability for which is determined on the basis of an actuarial
valuation at the end of the year. Any gain or loss arising out of such
valuation is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.
Superannuation
The Company makes defined contribution to the Trust established for the
purpose by the Company towards superannuation fund maintained with Life
Insurance Corporation of India. Contribution made during the year is
charged to Profit and Loss Account.
Provident Fund
The Company makes contribution to the “NIIT LIMITED EMPLOYEES
PROVIDENT FUND TRUST”, which is a defined benefit plan to the extent
that the Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any,
between the return from the investments of the trust and the notified
interest rate. The Companys obligation in this regard is actuarially
determined and provided for if the circumstances indicate that the
Trust may not be able to generate adequate returns to cover the
interest rates notified by the Government. The Companys contribution
towards Provident Fund is charged to Profit and Loss Account.
Pension Fund
The Company makes defined contribution to a government administered
pension fund on behalf of its employees. The Companys contribution
towards Employee Pension Scheme is charged to Profit and Loss Account.
vii) Employees Stock Option Plan (ESOP)
Equity settled stock options granted under “NIIT Employee Stock Option
Plan 2005” are accounted for as per the accounting treatment prescribed
by Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Guidelines,
1999, issued by Securities and Exchange Board of India, whereby the
intrinsic value of the option being excess of market value of the
underlying share immediately prior to date of grant over its exercise
price is recognised as deferred employee compensation with a credit to
employee stock option outstanding account. The deferred employee
compensation is charged to Profit and Loss Account on straight line
basis over the vesting period of the option. The options that lapse are
reversed by a credit to employee compensation expense, equal to the
amortised portion of value of lapsed portion and credit to deferred
employee compensation expense equal to the un-amortised portion. The
balance in employee stock option outstanding account, net of any
un-amortised deferred employee compensation, is shown separately as
part of Shareholders Funds.
viii) Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions in foreign currency are booked at standard rates
determined periodically which approximates the actual rates, and all
monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency is restated at the
end of accounting period. Gain/ Loss arising out of fluctuations on
realisation/ payment or restatement is charged/ credited to the Profit
and Loss Account.
Foreign currency assets/ liabilities covered by forward contracts are
stated at the forward contract rate and difference between the forward
rate and the exchange rate at the inception of the forward contract are
recognised to the Profit and Loss Account over the life of the
contract, except to the extent on which accounting policy on derivative
instruments and hedge accounting as detailed in (ix) below and further
explained in note 10 below.
ix) Derivative Instruments and Hedge Accounting
In accordance with its Risk management policies and procedures, the
company uses derivative instruments such as foreign currency forward
contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency
fluctuations relating to certain firm commitments and highly probable
forecasted transactions. The derivatives that qualify for hedge
accounting and designated as cash flow hedges are initially measured at
fair value & are remeasured at a subsequent reporting date and the
changes in the fair value of the derivatives i.e. gain or loss (net of
tax impact) is recognised directly in Shareholders Funds under hedging
reserve to the extent considered highly effective. Gain or loss on
derivative instruments that either does not qualify for hedge
accounting or not designated as cash flow hedges or designated cash
flow hedges to the extent considered ineffective are recognised in the
Profit and Loss Account.
Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires,
sold, terminated, or exercised, or no longer qualifies for hedge
accounting. The cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument
recognised in Shareholders Funds under hedging reserve is retained
there until the forecasted transaction occurs subsequent to which the
same is adjusted against the related transaction in the Profit and Loss
Account. If a hedged transaction is no longer expected to occur, the
net cumulative gain or loss recognised in Shareholders Funds is
transferred to Profit and Loss Account in the same period.
x) Leases
The Company has taken assets, vehicles as well as premises on lease.
Lease rental in respect of operating lease arrangements are charged to
expense on a straight line basis as per the terms of the related
agreement. Finance lease transactions are considered as financing
arrangements in accordance with Accounting Standard 19 and the leased
asset is capitalized at an amount equal to the present value of future
lease payments and a corresponding amount is recognised as a liability.
The lease payments made are apportioned between finance charge and
reduction of outstanding liability in relation to the leased asset.
xi) Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account for the
period in which they are incurred except where the cost is incurred
during the construction of an asset that takes a substantial period to
get ready for its intended use, in which case, it is capitalised.
xii) Taxation
Tax expense, comprising of both current tax and deferred tax is
included in determining the net results for the year. Deferred Tax
reflects the effect of timing differences between the assets and
liabilities recognised for financial reporting purposes and the amounts
that are recognised for current tax purposes. As a matter of prudence,
deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward only to the
extent, there is reasonable/ virtual certainty that sufficient future
taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets
can be realised. Current Tax is determined based on the provisions of
Income Tax Act, 1961. Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in excess of
normal income tax is recognised as asset (MAT Credit entitlement) only
to the extent, there is reasonable certainty that company shall be
liable to pay tax as per the normal provisions of the Act in future.
MAT Credit is utilised in the year when normal income tax is higher
than the Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT).
xiii) Provisions and Contingencies
The Company creates a provision when there is present obligation as a
result of a past event that probably requires an outflow of resources
and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of obligation. A
disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible
obligation or a present obligation that probably will not require an
outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation
cannot be made.
Disclosure of show cause notices are made on merits of the matters
where management foresees possibilities of outflow of resources.
xiv) Earnings Per Share
The earnings considered in ascertaining the Companys Earnings per
share (‘EPS) comprises the Net Profit after Tax. The number of shares
used in computing the Basic EPS is the weighted average number of
shares outstanding during the year. The Diluted EPS is calculated on
the same basis as Basic EPS, after adjusting for the effects of
potential Dilutive Equity Shares.
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