(i) Basis of Accounting
The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian
Generally Accepted Accounting principles (GAAP) under the historical
cost convention on an accrual basis. GAAP comprises mandatory
Accounting Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants
of India (ICAI), the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, and
guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India.
Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly
issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an
existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy
hitherto in use.
The Management evaluates all recently issued or revised accounting
standards on an ongoing basis.
(ii) Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP
requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported balances of assets and liabilities and disclosures
relating to contingent assets and liabilities as at the date of the
financial statements and reported amounts of income and expenses during
the period. Examples of such estimates include provisions for doubtful
debts, future obligations under employee retirement benefit plans,
income taxes and the useful lives of fixed assets and intangible
assets.
The management periodically assesses using, external and internal
sources, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired.
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of asset exceeds
its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Profit and
Loss Account in the year in which the asset is identified as impaired.
Where no reliable estimate can be made; a disclosure is made as
contingent liability. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
(iii) Fixed Assets and Depreciation
a) Tangible Assets:
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Costs
directly attributable to the purchase of fixed assets are capitalized
until fixed assets are ready for use. Capital work-in- progress
comprises of advances paid to acquire fixed assets, and the cost of
fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use before the
balance sheet date.
All assets discarded/ dismantled are written off assuming that the
scrap value for the same is Nil. If and when such discarded assets are
disposed off partially or fully, the amounts realized during the year
are credited to the profit and loss account of that year.
b) Depriciation:
Depreciation of Fixed Assets is provided on a pro-rata basis on the
written down value method at the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV to
the Companies Act, 1956, on all assets, except for the following:
Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the remaining period of
lease or 10 years whichever is lesser.
Individual low cost assets (acquired for less than Rs.5,000/-) are
depreciated within a year of acquisition.
c) Intangible Assets and Amortization:
Intangible assets are amortized over their respective individual
estimated useful lives on a straight line basis, commencing from the
date the asset is available to the company for its use. Management,
using reasonable and supportable assumptions, has estimated the useful
lives for the intangible assets as follows:
Trademarks 20 years
Goodwill 10 years
Trademarks represent the brand image of the company and constitute an
asset with no limited useful life. Based on advice received by the
management and as per the provisions of the Trade Marks and Merchandise
Act of 1999, the company can retain the ownership and registration of
the trademarks perpetually by renewing the registration at the end of
every ten years, leading to the view that the useful life of its
trademarks are unlimited.
However, as a matter of abandon precaution, the cost of the Trademarks
is being amortized over a period of 20 years.
Investments
Trade investments are the investments made to enhance the company''s
business interests. Investments are either classified as current or
long-term based on the management''s intention (iv) at the time of
purchase. Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and fair
value. Long Term Investments are stated at cost. Provision for
diminution in their value is made only if such a decline is other than
temporary in the opinion of the management.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue on accrual basis. Revenue from the sale
of hardware/software products is recognized when the sale is completed
with the passing of title. Revenue from services (v) is recognized in
the ratio of period expired over the total agreement period. Revenue
from Fixed Price Contracts is recognized proportionately over the
period in which services are rendered.
Profit on sale of investments is recorded on transfer of title from the
company and is determined as the difference between the sales price and
the then carrying value of the investment. Lease rentals are recognized
using the time-proportion method, based on rates implicit in the
transaction. Dividend income is recognized when the company''s right to
receive dividend is established.
(vi) Foreign Currency Transactions
Investments in foreign entities are recorded at the exchange rates
prevailing on the date of making theinvestments.
Expenditure in foreign currency is accounted at the exchange rate
prevalent when such expenditure is incurred. Exchange differences are
recorded when the amount actually received on sales or actually paid
when expenditure is incurred, is converted into Indian Rupees. The
exchange differences arising on foreign currency transactions are
recognized as income or expense in the period in which they arise
except in respect of liabilities for acquisition of fixed assets, where
such exchange difference is adjusted in the carrying cost of the
respective fixed asset.
Monetary current assets and monetary current liabilities that are
denominated in foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate
prevalent at the date of the balance sheet. The resulting gain or loss
is also recorded in the profit and loss account.
(vii) Inventories
Inventory is valued at lower of cost (determined on First in First out
basis) and estimated net realizable value. Cost is inclusive of all
purchase costs and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to
their present location and conditions.
(viii) Retirement Benefits
All employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits under the
Provident Fund, which is a defined contribution plan. Both the employee
and the employer make monthly contributions to the plan at a
predetermined rate (presently 12.0%) of the employees'' basic salary.
These contributions are made to the fund administered and managed by
the Government of India. In addition, some employees of the Company are
covered under the employees'' state insurance schemes, which are also
defined contribution schemes recognized and administered by the
Government of India.
The Company''s contributions to both these schemes are expensed in the
Profit and Loss Account. The Company has no further obligations under
these plans beyond its monthly contributions.
Gratuity has been provided in the Profit and Loss Account as per the
provisions of the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. Provisions for
gratuity is based on independent Actuarial Valuation Certificate.
Provision for Leave encashment is made on the basis of unutilized leave
due to employees at the end of the year.
(ix) Research and Development
Revenue expenditure incurred on research and development is expensed as
incurred. Capital expenditure is included in the respective heads under
fixed assets and depreciation thereon is charged to the profit and loss
account.
(x) Borrowing Cost
Interest and other costs in connection with the borrowing of funds to
the extent related/attributed to the acquisition/construction of
qualifying fixed assets are capitalized upto the date when such assets
are ready for its intended use and other borrowing costs are charged to
Profit & Loss Account.
(xi) Leases
Lease rentals in respect of assets taken on ''Operating Lease'' are
charged to the profit & loss Account on straight line basis over the
lease term.
(xii) Earning per Share
Basic earning per share (EPS) is calculated by dividing the net profit
after tax for the year (including the post-tax effect of extraordinary
items, if any) attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The
weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period
is adjusted for events of bonus issue and share split.
(xiii) Taxation
Tax expense for the year comprises of current tax and deferred tax.
Income tax is computed using the tax effect accounting method, where
tax is accrued in the same period the related revenue and expense
arises. Provision is made for income tax annually based on the tax
liability computed, after considering tax allowances and exemptions.
The differences that result between the profit considered for income
taxes and the profit as per the financial statements are identified,
and thereafter a deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability is
recorded for timing differences, namely the differences that originate
in one accounting period and reverse in another, based on the tax
effect of the aggregate amount being considered. The tax effect is
calculated on the accumulated timing differences at the end of an
accounting period based on prevailing enacted or substantially enacted
regulations. Deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is
reasonable certainty that they will be realized and are reviewed for
the appropriateness of the respective carrying values at each balance
sheet date. The income tax provision for the interim period is made
based on the best estimate of the annual average tax rate expected to
be applicable for the full fiscal year.
(xiv) Cash Flow Statement
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit
before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash
nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or
payments. The cash flows from regular revenue generating, financing,
and investing activities of the company are segregated.
(xv) Contingent Liabilities
Depending on the facts of each case, and after evaluation of relevant
legal aspects, the Company makes a provision when there is a present
obligation as a result of a past event where the outflow of economic
resources is probable and a relevant estimate of the amount of
obligation can be made. The disclosure is made for all possible or
present obligations that may but probably will not require outflow of
resources as contingent liability in the financial statement.
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