ACCOUNTING CONVENTION
The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost
convention, in accordance with applicable mandatory accounting
standards prescribed under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules,
2006 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.
SALES
Sale of goods is recognised at the point of dispatch to the customer.
Sales include excise duty but exclude value added tax/sales tax. In
order to comply with Accounting Standards on Revenue Recognition (AS-
9), gross sales (including excise duty) and net sales (excluding excise
duty) is disclosed in the profit and loss account.
INVENTORIES
Stores and spare parts are stated at cost or under. Stock-in-trade is
valued at cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower. The bases
of determining cost for various categories of inventories are as
follows:
Raw and packing materials : First-in-first out
Stores and spare parts : Weighted average
Work-in-progress and
finished goods : Material cost plus appropriate
share of production overheads and
excise duty, wherever applicable.
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
Contributions to the provident fund and provision for pension and
gratuity are charged to revenue every year. Provision for pension is
made on the basis of an actuarial valuation carried out by an
independent actuary as at the year-end. Provision for gratuity is made
on the basis of actuarial valuation after taking into account the net
result of gratuity trust fund. Recognition of other long term employee
benefits, comprising largely of long service awards and compensated
absences, is done on a discounted, accrual basis over the expected
service period until the benefits become vested. Actuarial gains and
losses are recognised immediately in the profit and loss account.
Liability on account of short term employee benefits, including
performance incentives, is recognised on an undiscounted, accrual basis
during the period when the employee renders service / vesting period of
the benefit.
DEPRECIATION / AMORTISATION
Depreciation is provided as per the straight-line method at rates
provided in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, except for the
following
classes of fixed assets, where the useful life has been estimated as
under: -
Information technology equipment : 3 years
Furniture and fixtures and Vehicles : 5 years
Leasehold land and improvements : Lease period
Intangible fixed assets : Over their estimated economic
life.
IMPAIRMENT OF FIXED ASSETS
Regular review is done to determine whether there is any indication of
impairment of the carrying amount of the Company''s fixed assets. If any
indication exists, an asset''s recoverable amount is estimated. An
impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset
exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater
of the net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use,
the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value
based on an appropriate discount factor.
Reversal of impairment losses recognised in prior years is recorded
when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognised for
the asset no longer exist or have decreased. However, the increase in
carrying amount of an asset due to reversal of an impairment loss is
recognised to the extent it does not exceed the carrying amount that
would have been determined (net of depreciation) had no impairment loss
been recognised for the asset in prior years.
TAXATION
The provision for taxation for the period comprises the residual tax
liability for the assessment year 2011-2012 relevant to the period
April 1, 2010 to March 31, 2011 and the liability, which has accrued on
the profit for the period April 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011 under the
provisions of the Indian Income tax Act, 1961.
Deferred tax is recognised, subject to the consideration of prudence,
on timing difference, being the difference between taxable income and
accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of
reversal in one or more subsequent periods.
CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND PROVISIONS
Contingent liabilities are disclosed after a careful evaluation of the
facts and legal aspects of the matter involved, in line with the
provisions of Accounting Standard (AS) 29. Provisions are recognised
when the Company has a legal/constructive obligation and on management
judgement as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that a
cash outflow may be required and a reliable estimate can be made of the
amount of the obligation.
FIXED ASSETS
Fixed assets are stated at cost (net of CENVAT, wherever applicable)
less accumulated depreciation. Cost is inclusive of freight, duties,
levies and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets to
their working condition for intended use.
(Also refer to accounting policies on Borrowing Costs and Foreign
Exchange Transactions).
INVESTMENTS
Investments are classified into current and long-term investments.
Current investments are stated at the lower of cost or fair value.
Long-term investments are stated at cost.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded on initial recognition at
the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction.
Monetary items (i.e. receivables, payables, loans etc.) denominated in
foreign currency are reported using the closing exchange rate on each
balance sheet date.
The exchange difference arising on the settlement of monetary items or
on reporting these items at rates different from rates at which these
were initially recorded/reported in previous financial statements are
recognised as income/expense in the period in which they arise.
In line with Notification No. G.S.R. 225(E) dated March 31, 2009
(further amended by notification no. G.S.R.378 (E) dated 11.05.2011)
issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India, the
Company has opted for adjusting the exchange differences, arising on
long term foreign currency monetary items relating to acquisition of
depreciable capital asset to the cost of the capital asset and, to
depreciate over the balance useful life of the asset.
(Also refer Schedule E on ''Fixed Assets'', Schedule L on ''Interest and
Financing Expenses'' and note 20 and 21 of Schedule O)
In case of forward exchange contracts, the premium or discount arising
at the inception of such contracts, is amortised as income or expense
over the life of contract as well as exchange difference on such
contracts i.e. difference between the exchange rate at the
reporting/settlement date and the exchange rate on the date of
inception/the last reporting date, is recognised as income/expense for
the period except those relating to fixed assets in which case they are
capitalised with the cost of respective fixed assets.
BORROWING COSTS
Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of
those fixed assets which necessarily take a substantial period of time
to get ready for their intended use are capitalised. Other borrowing
costs are charged to the profit and loss account. |