1. Accounting Assumption
The financial statements have been prepared under historical cost
convention on an accrual basis and in accordance with the generally
accepted accounting principles in India and the applicable Accounting
Standards specified in the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules,
2006, notified by the Central Government in terms of Section 211 (3C)
of the Companies Act, 1956.
2. Use of Estimates
The preparation and presentation of financial statements in conformity
with the generally accepted accounting principles requires the
management of the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported balances of assets and liabilities and disclosures
relating to contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial
statements and reported amounts of income and expenses during the year.
Examples of such estimates include provisions for doubtful debts,
employee retirement benefit plans, provision for income taxes and the
useful lives of fixed assets. The management believes that the
estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent
and reasonable. The actual results could differ from these estimates
and the differences between the actual result and estimates are
recognised in the period in which the results are known / materialised.
3. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at historical cost of acquisition or
construction less accumulated depreciation / amortisation. All costs
relating to the acquisition of or construction of the asset to bring it
to the site and in working condition for its intended use are
capitalised. The cost excludes the duty benefits admissible against
installation of the specific assets. Where the construction or
development of any such asset requiring substantial period of time to
set up for its intended use, is funded by borrowings, the corresponding
borrowing costs are capitalised upto the date when the asset is ready
for its intended use in accordance with the Accounting Standard-16
Borrowing Costs. Advances paid towards acquisition or construction
of fixed assets and the cost of assets not put to use as at reporting
date are disclosed under capital work-in-progress.
4. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets comprising of costs incurred to acquire computer
software licences and technical know-how are stated at cost less
accumulated amortisation. Where the development of any such asset
requiring substantial period of time for its intended use, is funded by
borrowings, the corresponding borrowing costs are capitalised upto the
date when the asset is ready for its intended use in accordance with
the Accounting Standard -16 Borrowing Costs. Advances paid towards
acquisition of intangible assets, which are not put to use as at
reporting date, are disclosed under capital work-in-progress.
6. Impairment of Assets
At each Balance Sheet date, the management makes an assessment whether
there is any indication that an asset / cash generating units may be
impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the
recoverable amount of those assets / cash generating units and an
impairment loss is recognised, if the carrying amount of those assets /
cash generating units exceeds their recoverable amount. The recoverable
amount is the greater of the net selling price and the value in use.
Value in use is arrived at by discounting future cash flows to their
present value based on appropriate discounting factor. When there is
indication as at each Balance Sheet date, that an impairment loss
recognised for asset in prior accounting year no longer exists or may
have decreased such reversal of impairment loss is recognised.
7. Investments
Long-term investments are stated at the cost, net of amount
written-off, less provision for diminution in value other than
temporary. Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be
held for not more than a year from the date of investment are
classified as current investments. Current investments are stated at
lower of cost and fair value.
8. Inventories
The finished and semi-finished inventories are valued at lower of cost
on absorption basis and net realisable value. The raw materials and
packing materials are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value.
However, materials and other items held for use in production of
finished goods are not written down below cost if the products, in
which they will be incorporated, are expected to be sold at or above
cost. Cost is determined on a transactional weighted average basis, net
of CENVAT benefits availed by the Company. The items imported under
Duty Entitlement Pass Book (DEPB) / Duty Free Replenishment Certificate
(DFRC) /Advance Licence (AL) / Special Import Licence (SIL) are valued
inclusive of the notional duty benefits availed. Damaged,
unserviceable and inert stocks are suitably provided for. Excise Duty
and Customs Duty payable on goods held in the bonded warehouse are
provided in the valuation of inventory. Excise Duty payable on
finished goods is included in the valuation of inventory. Consumables
and other spares, tools, etc., are valued at lower of cost
(transactional weighted average cost, net of CENVAT benefits availed by
the Company) and net realisable value.
9. Employee Benefits
The Company has both defined contribution and defined benefit plans, of
which some have assets in special funds or similar securities. The
plans are financed by the Company and in the case of defined
contribution plans by the Company along with its employees.
(a) Defined Contribution Plan
These are plans in which the Company pays pre-defined amounts to
separate funds and does not have any legal or informal obligation to
pay additional sums. These comprise of contributions to the Employees
Provident Fund and Family Pension Fund which are reported as expenses
in the Profit and Loss Account for the year in which the employees
perform the services.
(b) Defined Benefit Plan
At the reporting date, the Companys liabilities towards Gratuity and
Compensated absences are determined by independent actuarial valuation
using the projected unit credit method which considers each year of
service as giving rise to an additional unit of benefit entitlement and
measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. Past
services are recognised on a straight-line basis over the average
period until the amended benefits become vested. Actuarial gain and
losses are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account as
income or expense. Obligation is measured at the present value of
estimated future cash flows using a discounted rate that is determined
by reference to market yields at the Balance Sheet date on Government
bonds where the currency and terms of the Government bonds are
consistent with the currency and estimated terms of the defined benefit
obligation. Gratuity to employees is covered under Group Gratuity Life
Assurance Scheme of the Life Insurance Corporation of India.
The Company recognises in the Profit and Loss Account the undiscounted
amount of short-term employee benefits like Medical Reimbursement,
Leave Travel Assistance, etc., during the financial year based on
service rendered by the employees.
10. Provisions and Contingencies
A provision is recognised when the Company has a present legal or
constructive obligation as a result of past event, and it is probable
that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation,
in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions
(excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to its present value
but are determined based on best estimate required to settle the
obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each
Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.
Contingent liabilities are not recognised in the Profit and Loss
Account but are disclosed in the Notes to the Accounts.
11. Revenue Recognition
Domestic Sales are recognised at the time of despatch to the customer,
invoicing being the conclusive event. Export Sales are recognised on
the basis of dates of bills of lading. Gross Sales include the excise
duty recovered but exclude customs duty, education cess, sales tax and
are net of trade discounts. Other recoveries charged separately in the
invoice are set off against the respective expenditure heads.
12. Export Benefits
Export entitlements under Duty Entitlement Pass Book (DEPB) and Duty
Free Replenishment Certificate (DFRC) scheme are recognised in the
Profit and Loss Account when the right to receive credit as per the
terms of the scheme is established in respect of the exports.
Obligation / Entitlement on account of Advance Licence (AL) and Special
Import Licence (SIL) scheme for import of raw material is accounted for
on purchase of raw material and / or export sale. Export benefits from
DEPB and DFRC are considered as Other Operating Income. Benefits from
AL and SIL are netted from Materials Consumed.
13. Research and Development
Expenditure incurred during research phase is recognised as expense
when incurred.
Expenditure incurred during development phase is capitalised as Fixed
Asset(s) if it can be demonstrated that such expenditure would result
in future economic benefit. Other development expenditure is
recognised as expense when incurred.
14. Foreign Currency Translations
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the rates of exchange
in force at the time of occurrence of the transactions.
Monetary items denominated in foreign currency as at the reporting date
are stated at the rates of exchange prevailing at the reporting date
and resultant gains / losses are adjusted to Profit and Loss Account.
Forward contracts to which Accounting Standard -11 The Effect of
Change in Foreign Exchange Rates has been applied, the premium or
discount arising at the inception of such forward exchange contracts is
amortised as expense or income over the life of the relevant contracts.
Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised as expense or
income in the Profit and Loss Account in the reporting period in which
the exchange rates change. Derivative contracts open as at reporting
date, other than the forward contracts to which Accounting Standard-11
The Effect of Change in Foreign Exchange Rates has been applied, are
marked to market keeping in view the principle of prudence.
15. Assets Taken on Lease
Operating lease payments are recognised as expenditure in the Profit
and Loss Account on a straight-line basis, representative of the time
pattern of benefits received from the use of the assets taken on lease.
16. Loan Processing Fees
The processing fees paid on availment of loans have been charged
upfront to the Profit and Loss Account when incurred.
17. Taxation
The provision for Current Income Tax is the aggregate of the balance
provision for tax for three months ended March 31, 2010, and the
estimated provision based on the taxable profit of remaining months
upto December 31, 2010, the actual tax liability, for which, will be
determined on the basis of the results for the period April 1, 2010 to
March 31, 2011 in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961. Provision
for Fringe Benefit Tax (FBT) is made in accordance with the provisions
of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Pursuant to enactment of Finance Act,
2009, Fringe Benefit Tax (FBT) stands abolished w.e.f. April 1, 2009.
Deferred Tax is recognised, on timing differences (other than those
which are expected to be reversed during the tax holiday period), being
the difference between taxable income and accounting income that
originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more
subsequent periods. Deferred Tax Assets are recognised if there is
reasonable certainty that there will be sufficient future taxable
income to realise such assets. In situations where the Company has
unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward losses under tax laws,
Deferred Tax Assets are recognised only to the extent that there is
virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that there will be
sufficient future taxable income to realise such assets. The carrying
amount of Deferred Tax Assets is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date
and is written down to the extent that it is no longer reasonably /
virtually certain that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which Deferred Tax Asset can be realised.
18. Earnings Per Share
Basic Earnings Per Share is calculated by dividing the net profit for
the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average
number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted
for events of bonus issues and share split. For the purpose of
calculating Diluted Earnings Per Share, the net profit for the year
attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of
equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effect
of all dilutive potential equity shares. |