1. BASIS FOR PREPARATION OF ACCOUNTS
The Financial Statements have been prepared to comply with all material
aspects in respect with the notified Accounting Standards by Companies
Accounting Standard Rules, 2006 and the relevant provision of the
Companies Act, 1956. Accounting policies have been consistently
applied by the Company.
2. USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of
the financial statements and the results of operations during the
reporting period end. Although these estimates are based upon
management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, actual
results could differ from these estimates.
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRACTICES
a) REVENUE RECOGNITION
1) Revenue is recognised only when it can be reliably measured and it
is reasonable to accept ultimate collection.
2) Sales
Domestic Sales are accounted exclusive of Excise, net of Central Sales
Tax, VAT, sales return and rate difference, if any. Exports sales are
accounted on the basis of dates of Bill of Lading. Sales do not include
Inter Division transfer.
3) Export Benefits
Incomes in respect of Duty Drawback and Duty Entitlement Pass Book
Scheme (DEPB) in respect of exports made during the year are accounted
on accrual basis. Profit or losses on transfer of DEPB licenses are
accounted in year of the sales. Duty free imports of material under
Advance License matched with the export made against the said licenses
4) Dividend income is recognised on the basis of dividend declared by
the companies.
b) FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
(i) Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded in Indian Rupees
using the rates of exchange prevailing
on the dates of the transactions. At each balance sheet date, recorded
monetary balances are reported in Indian Rupees at the rates of
exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date. All realised and
unrealised exchange adjustment gains and losses are dealt with in the
profit and loss account.
(ii) In order to hedge exposure to foreign exchange risks arising from
Export or Import foreign currency, bank
borrowings and trade receivables, the Company enters into forward
contracts. In case of forward exchange contracts, the cost of the
contracts is amortised over the period of the contract. Any profit or
loss arising on the cancellation or renewal of a forward exchange
contract is recognised as income or expenses for the year.
(iii) Exchange difference is calculated as the difference between the
foreign currency amount of the contract
translated at the exchange rate at the reporting date, or the
settlement date where the transaction is settled during the reporting
period and the corresponding foreign currency amount translated at the
later of the date of inception of the forward exchange contract and the
last reporting date. Such exchange differences are recognized in the
profit and loss account in the reporting period in which the exchange
rates change.
(iv) Non monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are
reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
c) FIXED ASSETS
(i) Fixed assets are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less
accumulated depreciation, including
borrowing cost as specified in point (i) till such assets are ready for
its intended use, less specific grants received and Cenvat Credit
availed if any.
(ii) Fixed assets in the course of work-in-progress for production or
administrative purposes are carried at
cost less any impairment loss. Work in Progress includes expenditure
pending for capitalization.
Cost includes land and building improvement costs, related acquisition
expenses and construction costs incurred during the period of
construction. Depreciation of these assets, on the same basis as the
other property assets, commences when the assets are ready for their
intended use.
(iii) The cost of self-constructed assets includes cost of materials
plus any other directly attributable costs of
bringing the assets to working condition for its intended use.
d) EXPENDITURE ON NEW PROJECTS AND SUBSTANTIAL EXPANSION
Expenditure directly relating to construction activity (net of income,
if any) is capitalized. Indirect expenditure incurred during
construction period capitalized as part of the indirect construction
cost to the extent to which the expenditure is indirectly related to
construction or is incidental thereto. Other indirect expenditure
(Including borrowing costs) incurred during the construction period,
which is not related to the construction activity nor is incidental
thereto is charged to Profit & Loss Account Income earned during
construction period deducted from the total of the indirect
expenditure.
All direct capital expenditure on expansion is capitalized. As regards
indirect expenditure on expansion only that portion is capitalized
which represents the marginal increase in such expenditure as a result
of capital expansion. The same is treated as pre-operative expenditure
pending allocation to fixed assets in progress and is shown Capital
Work-in-Progress. The same is transferred to fixed assets on
progressive basis and is capitalized along with fixed assets on
commencement of commercial activities.
e) INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets are recognized at acquisition cost when the asset is
identifiable , non-monetary in nature, without physical substance and
it is probable that such expenditure is to result in future economic
benefits to the entity.
f) IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS
At each balance sheet date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of
its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any
indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any
such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is
estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss, if
any. Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an
individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the
cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. An intangible asset is
tested for impairment annually whenever there is an indication that
asset may be impaired.
Recoverable amount is the higher of net selling price and value in use.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are
discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that
reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the
risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash
flows have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is
estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of
the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable
amount. Impairment losses are recognized as an expense immediately.
Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of
the asset (or cash generating unit) is increased to the revised
estimate of its recoverable amount, but only to the extent that the
increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that
would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for
the asset (or cash generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an
impairment loss is recognized as income immediately.
g) DEPRECIATION
Except for freehold land, leasehold land and Capital work-in-progress
and other assets as stated below depreciation is charged on Straight
Line Method (SLM) as per rate and in the manner prescribed under
Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
Intangible assets are amortized over useful life of assets as per
management perception as under:-
(i) ETP waste Rights - 5 Years
(ii) Software - 5 Years
(iii) License - 5 Years
Leasehold land is amortized over the available balance lease period.
Depreciation is not provided on freehold land and capital
work-in-progress.
When assets are disposed or retired, their cost and accumulated
depreciation are removed from the financial statements.
The gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an asset is
determined as the difference between sales proceeds and the carrying
amount of the asset and is recognized in profit and loss account for
the relevant financial year.
h) INVESTMENTS
Long term investments are stated at cost less amount written off, where
there is a diminution in its value of long term nature. Current
investments are stated at lower of cost and fair value. Gain or loss
arising from sale or disposal of such investment is accounted at the
time of actual sale or disposal.
i) INVENTORIES
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value.
Cost of Raw Material is determined on a monthly moving weighted average
basis.
Stores and Consumables are valued at cost (net of CENVAT) or net
realizable value whichever is lower.
Finished goods are valued at cost or net realizable value whichever is
lower. Cost comprises direct materials and where applicable, direct
labour costs, those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the
inventories to their present location and condition and excise duty
payable on finished goods.
For finished goods of Export Oriented Units (EOUs) where prima facie
finished goods of EOUs are meant for export and no excise duty is
leviable, therefore no excise duty is added in finished goods
valuation. However in case of EOU also Excise duty is included in
valuation of finished goods in proportion to DTA sales. Net realizable
value represents the estimated selling price less all estimated costs
of completion and costs to be incurred in marketing, selling and
distribution.
Work in progress is valued at cost or net realizable value whichever is
less. Cost comprises direct materials and appropriate portion of direct
labour costs, manufacturing overheads and depreciation.
j) BORROWING COSTS
Borrowing Costs that are attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost
of such assets, wherever applicable, till the assets are ready for
their intended use. A qualifying asset is one which necessarily takes
substantial period to get ready for intended use. All other borrowing
costs are charged to revenue account. Capitalisation of borrowing cost
is suspended when active development is interrupted.
k) PRIOR YEAR EXPENSES AND INCOME
Transactions pertaining to period prior to Current Accounting Year are
adjusted through prior year adjustments, if any.
l) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
Contribution to Defined Contribution schemes such as Provident Fund,
etc. are charged to the Profit and Loss account as incurred. The
Company also provides for retirement / post-retirement benefits in the
form of gratuity and leave encashment. Such benefits (Defined benefit
plans) are provided for based on valuations, as at the balance sheet
date, made by independent actuaries. Termination benefits are
recognized as an expense as and when incurred.
m) EXCISE DUTY
Excise duty (including Education Cess) on Finished Goods are shown
separately in Manufacturing and other expenses and included in the
valuation of finished goods.
n) CENVAT
CENVAT Credit of raw materials and other consumables is accounted at
the time of purchase and the same is being adjusted to the cost of raw
materials and other consumables.
o) ACCOUNTING FOR TAXES ON INCOME
Current tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of
taxable income for the year.
Deferred tax is recognized, on timing difference, being the difference
between taxable incomes and accounting income that originate in one
period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods.
Where there is unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward losses,
deferred tax assets are recognized if there is virtual certainty that
sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such
assets can be realized. Other deferred tax assets are recognized only
to the extent there is reasonable certainty of realization in future.
Such assets are reviewed at each Balance sheet date to reassess
realization.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates
and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the
balance sheet date.
p) PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
A provision is recognized when it is more likely than not that an
obligation will result in an outflow of resources. Provisions are not
discounted to their present value and are determined based on
management''s estimation of the obligation required to settle the
obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each
balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect current management
estimates.
Contingent Liabilities are disclosed for all possible obligations that
are not remote and all present obligations of which outflow of economic
resources is not estimable.
q) FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES HEDGING TRANSACTIONS
In respect of derivative contracts, premium paid, gains / losses on
settlement and provision for losses for cash flow hedges are recognized
in the profit and loss account, in view of Announcement made by ICAI in
respect of AS 30 and AS 1.
r) LEASES
All lease are classified into operating and finance lease at the
inception of the lease. Leases that transfer substantially all risks
and rewards from lessor to lessees are classified as finance lease and
others being classified as operating lease.
There are no finance lease transactions entered in to by the Company.
Rent Expense and Rent Income represent operating leases which are
recognized as an expense in the statement of Profit and Loss Account on
a Straight Line basis over the lease terms.
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