(a) Basis of preparation of financial statements
The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) under the historical
cost convention on an accrual basis, except for certain financial
instruments which are measured at fair values and are in conformity
with mandatory accounting standards, as prescribed by the Companies
(Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, the provisions of the Companies
Act, 1956 and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of
India (SEBI).
(b) Use of estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP
requires Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported balances of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating to
contingent assets and liabilities as at the date of the financial
statements and reported amounts of income and expenses during the
period. Examples of such estimates include provisions for doubtful
debts, future obligations under employee retirement benefit plans,
income taxes, the useful lives and provision for impairment of fixed
assets and intangible assets.
Management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of
financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could
differ from these estimates.
(c) Fixed assets, intangible assets and capital work-in-progress
Fixed assets and intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition,
less accumulated depreciation and impairments, if any. Cost includes
taxes, duties, freight and other incidental expenses related to
acquisition and installation. Borrowing costs attributable to
acquisition, construction of qualifying asset (i.e. an asset requiring
substantive period of time to get ready for intended use) are
capitalized in accordance with the requirements of Accounting Standard
16 (AS 16), Borrowing Costs mandated by Rule 3 of the Companies
(Accounting Standards) Rules 2006. Other pre-operative expenses for
major projects are also capitalised, where appropriate.
Capital work-in-progress comprises outstanding advances paid to acquire
fixed assets and cost of fixed assets that are not yet ready for their
intended use at the year end.
(d) Depreciation and amortisation
I. Tangible assets
(i) Depreciation is provided at higher of the rates based on useful
lives of the assets as estimated by the management or those stipulated
in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. The depreciation rates
considered for the following items are higher than the rates stipulated
in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956:
Plant and Machinery:
a) Computer hardware and related peripherals - 33.33%
b) Moulds - 16.21%
c) Office Equipment - 10% to 50%
Furniture and Fittings: - 12.50 %
Vehicles: - 20 %
(ii) Depreciation on factory building and plant and machinery (other
than items specified in (i) above) is provided on written down value
basis. Depreciation on all other assets is provided on straight line
basis.
(iii) Extra shift depreciation is provided on Plant basis.
(iv) Assets individually costing Rs. 5,000 or less are depreciated
fully in the year of acquisition.
(v) Leasehold land is amortised over the primary period of the lease.
(vi) Fixtures in leasehold premises are amortised over the primary
period of the lease.
(vii) Depreciation on additions / deletions during the year is provided
from the month in which the asset is capitalized / up to the month in
which the asset is disposed off.
II. Intangible assets
Intangible assets are amortised over their respective individual
estimated useful lives on a straight line basis, but not exceeding the
period given here under:
Trademarks, copyrights and business & commercial rights 10 years
Computer software 3 years
(e) Assets taken on lease
(i) In respect of finance lease arrangements, the assets are
capitalized and depreciated. Finance charges are charged off to the
Profit and Loss account of the year in which they are incurred.
(ii) Operating lease payments are recognized as expenditure in the
Profit and Loss account as per the terms of the respective lease
agreement.
(f) Asset given on lease
The Company has given Plant and Machinery on an operating lease basis.
Lease rentals are accounted on accrual basis in accordance with the
respective lease agreements.
(g) Investments
(i) Long term investments are valued at cost. Provision for diminution,
if any, in the value of investments is made to recognise a decline in
value, other than temporary.
(ii) Current investments are valued at lower of cost and fair value,
computed individually for each investment. In case of investments in
mutual funds which are unquoted, net asset value is taken as fair
value.
(h) Inventories
(i) Raw materials, packing materials, stores, spares and consumables
are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. However, these
items are considered to be realizable at cost if the finished products
in which they will be used are expected to be sold at or above cost.
(ii) Work-in-process and finished products are valued at lower of cost
and net realizable value.
(iii) By-products and unserviceable / damaged finished products are
valued at net realizable value.
(iv) Cost is ascertained on weighted average method and in case of
work-in-process includes appropriate production overheads and in case
of finished products includes appropriate production overheads and
excise duty, wherever applicable.
(i) Research and development
Capital expenditure on research and development is capitalised and
depreciated as per the accounting policy mentioned in para 2(d) above.
Revenue expenditure is charged off in the year in which it is incurred.
(j) Revenue recognition
(i) Domestic sales are recognised at the point of dispatch of goods to
the customers, which is when risks and rewards of ownership are passed
to the customers, and stated net of trade discount and exclusive of
sales tax and excise duty.
(ii) Export sales are recognised based on the date of bill of lading
except, sales to Nepal which are recognized when the goods cross the
Indian territory, which is when risks and rewards of ownership are
passed to the customers.
(iii) Revenue from services is recognized on rendering of the services.
(iv) Interest and other income are recognised on accrual basis.
(k) Retirement and other benefits to employees
- Gratuity
Liabilities with regard to the gratuity benefits payable in future are
determined by actuarial valuation at each Balance Sheet date using the
Projected Unit Credit method and contributed to Employees Gratuity Fund
managed by HDFC Standard Life Insurance Limited. Actuarial gains and
losses arising from changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in
the Profit and Loss account in the period in which they arise.
- Superannuation
The Company makes contribution to the Superannuation Scheme, a defined
contribution scheme, administered by ICICI Prudential Life Insurance
Company Limited.
- Leave encashment / Compensated absences
The Company provides for the encashment of leave with pay subject to
certain rules. The employees are entitled to accumulate leave subject
to certain limits, for future encashment / availment. The liability is
provided based on the number of days of unutilized leave at each
balance sheet date on the basis of an independent actuarial valuation.
- Provident fund
Provident fund contributions are made to a trust administered by the
Company and are charged to the Profit and Loss account. The Company has
an obligation to make good the shortfall if any, between return on
investment by the trust and government administered interest rate.
- Long term service benefits
Liability on account of long term service benefits is determined and
provided on the basis of an independent actuarial valuation.
(l) Foreign currency transactions
- Transactions in foreign currencies are recognized at the prevailing
exchange rates on the transaction dates. Realized gains and losses on
settlement of foreign currency transactions are recognized in the
Profit and Loss account.
- Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities at the year end are
translated at the year end exchange rates and the resultant exchange
differences except those qualifying for hedge accounting are recognised
in the Profit and Loss account.
- In case of forward contracts with underlying assets or liabilities,
the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate on the
date of inception of a forward contract is recognized as income or
expense and is amortized over the life of the contract. Exchange
differences on such contracts are recognized in the Profit and Loss
account in the year in which they arise.
- The Company uses forward and options contracts to hedge its risks
associated with foreign currency transactions relating to certain firm
commitments and forecasted transactions. The Company also uses Interest
rates swap contracts to hedge its interest rate risk exposure. The
Company designates these as cash flow hedges. These contracts are
marked to market as at the year end and resultant exchange differences,
to the extent they represent effective portion of the hedge, are
recognized directly in ‘Hedge Reserve account. The ineffective portion
of the same is recognized immediately in the Profit and Loss account.
- Exchange differences taken to Hedge Reserve account are recognised in
the Profit and Loss account upon crystallization of firm commitments or
occurrence of forecasted transactions or upon discontinuation of hedge
accounting resulting from expiry / sale / termination of hedge
instrument or upon hedge becoming ineffective.
- Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost / fair value
and accordingly the investments in shares of foreign subsidiaries are
expressed in Indian currency at the rate of exchange prevailing at the
time when the original investments are made or fair values determined.
- Exchange differences arising on monetary items that in substance form
part of Companys net investment in a non-integral foreign operation
are accumulated in a ‘Foreign Currency Translation Reserve until the
disposal of the net investment. The same is recognized in the Profit
and Loss account upon disposal of the net investment.
(m) Accounting for taxes on income
(i) Provision for current tax is made, based on the tax payable under
the Income Ta x Act, 1961. Minimum Alternative Ta x (MAT) credit, which
is equal to the excess of MAT (calculated in accordance with provisions
of section 115JB of the Income tax Act, 1961) over normal income-tax is
recognized as an asset by crediting the Profit and Loss account only
when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company
will be able to avail the said credit against normal tax payable during
the period of ten succeeding assessment years.
(ii) Deferred tax on timing differences between taxable income and
accounting income is accounted for, using the tax rates and the tax
laws enacted or substantially enacted as on the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax assets on unabsorbed tax losses and unabsorbed tax
depreciation are recognised only when there is a virtual certainty of
their realisation. Other deferred tax assets are recognised only when
there is a reasonable certainty of their realisation.
(n) Impairment
The Company reviews the carrying values of tangible and intangible
assets for any possible impairment at each balance sheet date. An
impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount of an asset
exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater
of net selling price and value in use. In assessing the value in use,
the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value
at appropriate discount rates. If at the balance sheet date there is an
indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists,
the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the
recoverable amount.
(o) Employee Stock Option Plan
In respect of stock options granted pursuant to the Companys Employee
Stock Option Scheme, the intrinsic value of the options (excess of
market value of shares over the exercise price of the option at the
date of grant) is recognised as Employee compensation cost over the
vesting period.
(p) Employee Stock Appreciation Rights Scheme
In respect of Employee Stock appreciation rights granted pursuant to
the Companys Employee Stock Appreciation Rights Scheme, the intrinsic
value of the rights (excess of market value as at the year end and the
market price on the date of grant) is recognised as Employee
compensation cost over the vesting period.
(q) Contingent liabilities
Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations
that arise from past events but their existence will be confirmed by
the occurrence or non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events
not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present
obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources
or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made. A
Provision is made based on a reliable estimate when it is probable that
an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to
settle an obligation and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be
made. Provision is not discounted and is determined based on best
estimate required to settle the obligation at the year end date.
Contingent Assets are not recognized or disclosed in the financial
statements.
(r) Share issue expenses
Expenses incurred on issues of shares are adjusted against securities
premium.
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