a) Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects in accordance with the notified Accounting Standards issued
under Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the
relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial
statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on
an accrual basis except in case of assets for which revaluation is
carried out. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by
the Company and are consistent with those applied in the previous year.
b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
period end. Although these estimates are based upon managements best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
c) Fixed Assets
i) Fixed assets are stated at cost (or revalued amounts, as the case
may be) less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any.
Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing
the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing
costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which take substantial
period of time to get ready for its intended use are included to the
extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put
to use.
ii) Insurance spares / stand by equipments are capitalized as part of
respective mother assets.
iii) In respect of accounting periods commencing on or after 7th
December, 2006, exchange differences arising on reporting of the
long-term foreign currency monetary items at rates different from those
at which they were initially recorded during the period, or reported in
the previous financial statements are added to or deducted from the
cost of the asset and are depreciated over the balance life of the
asset, if these monetary items pertain to the acquisition of a
depreciable fixed asset.
d) Depreciation
i) Depreciation is provided using the Straight Line Method as per the
useful lives of assets estimated by the management, or at the rates
prescribed under schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956, whichever is
higher. The rates prescribed under schedule XIV of the Companies Act,
1956 are considered fair representation for the life estimated by the
management.
ii) Cost of Leasehold land is amortized over the period of lease and
leased plant and machinery is amortized over the period of lease or
their useful lives whichever is lower.
iii) Individual assets costing up-to Rs.5000/- are depreciated fully in
the month of purchase.
iv) Insurance spares / standby equipments are depreciated prospectively
over the remaining useful lives of the respective mother assets.
v) In respect of the revalued assets, the difference between the
depreciation calculated on the revalued amount and that calculated on
the original cost is recouped from the Revaluation Reserve Account.
e) Intangibles
Intangibles assets are amortized using straight-line method over their
estimated useful lives as follows:
S.
No. Intangible Assets Estimated Useful Life (Years)
1 Computer Software Over the estimated economic useful lives ranging
from 3.5 to 4 years
2 Technical Know-how Over the period of Technical Assistance
Agreement i.e. 8 years
Research & development costs
Research cost are expensed as incurred. Development expenditure
incurred on an individual project is recognized as an intangible asset.
f) Impairment
i) The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet
date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal /
external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the
carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The
recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and
value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average
cost of capital.
ii) After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
g) Leases
Where the Company is the lessee
Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the Company substantially
all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item,
are capitalized at the lower of the fair value and present value of the
minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease term and disclosed
as leased assets. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance
charges and reduction of the lease liability based on the implicit rate
of return. Finance charges are charged directly against income. Lease
management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs are
capitalised.
Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the
risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease
term.
Where the Company is the lessor
Assets given under a finance lease are recognised as a receivable at an
amount equal to the net investment in the lease. Lease rentals are
apportioned between principal and interest on the IRR method. The
principal amount received reduces the net investment in the lease and
interest is recognised as revenue. Initial direct costs such as legal
costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the Profit
and Loss Account.
Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease
income is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line
basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation are recognised
as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account. Initial direct costs
such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately
in the Profit and Loss Account.
h) Investments
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long - term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
an individual investment basis. Long - term investments are carried at
cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a
decline other than temporary in the value of such investments.
i) Inventories
Inventories are valued as follows:
Raw materials and components, Stores and spares (including packing
materials)
At Cost and Net Realizable Value, whichever is lower. However,
materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories
are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they
will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost.
Cost is determined on moving weighted average basis. Cost of raw
materials and components lying in bonded warehouse includes custom duty
accounted for on accrual basis.
Finished goods & Traded goods, Work-in-progress and Moulds, tools and
dies in process At Cost and Net Realizable Value, whichever is lower.
Cost of Finished goods and Work-in-progress (including moulds, tools
and dies in process) includes direct materials, labour and a proportion
of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of
traded goods is determined on moving weighted average basis. Cost of
finished goods includes excise duty.
Waste At Net Realizable Value.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business, less estimated costs of completion and to make the
sale.
j) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Sale of goods
Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of
ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer, which coincides with
their delivery to the customer. Excise Duty, Sales Tax and VAT deducted
from turnover (gross) are the amount that is included in the amount of
turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arised during
the year.
Interest
Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Dividend
Revenue is recognised when the shareholders right to receive payment
is established by the balance sheet date.
k) Foreign Currency Translation
Foreign currency transactions
i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction.
iii) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reinstatement of monetary items at rates different from those at which
they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous
financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses .
Exchange differences, in respect of accounting periods commencing on or
after 7th December, 2006, arising on reporting of long-term foreign
currency monetary items at rates different from those at which they
were initially recorded during the period, or reported in previous
financial statements, in so far as they relate to the acquisition of a
depreciable capital asset, are added to or deducted from the cost of
the asset and are depreciated over the balance life of the asset, and
in other cases, are accumulated in a Foreign Currency Monetary Item
Translation Difference Account in the enterprises financial
statements and amortized over the balance period of such long-term
asset/liability but not beyond accounting period ending on or before
31st March, 2011.
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items not
covered above, or on reporting such monetary items of company at rates
different from those at which they were initially recorded during the
year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as
income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.
iv) Forward exchange contracts not intended for trading or speculation
purposes
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the
contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the
statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates
change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of
forward exchange contract is recognized as income or as expense for the
year.
l) Retirement and other Employee Benefits
i) Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates.
Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial
valuation at the end of each year. The actuarial valuation is done as
per projected unit credit method.
ii) Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided
for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit cost
method made at the end of each financial year. The liability as at the
year end represents the differences between the actuarial valuation of
the future gratuity liability of continuing employees and the fair
value of the plan assets with the Life insurance Corporation of India
(LIC) as at the end of the year.
iii) Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss
account.
iv) The Company has superannuation obligation towards Lumax Industries
Limited Employees superannuation Scheme administered by the trustees.
There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to
the respective trusts.
v) Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund is a defined
benefit contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to Profit
and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the respective
funds are due. There are no other obligations other than the
contribution payable to the respective funds.
m) Income Taxes
Tax expense comprises of current, deferred and fringe benefit tax.
Current income tax and fringe benefit tax is measured at the amount
expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the
Indian Income Tax Act. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of
current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting
income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier
years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situation
where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax
losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred tax
assets can be realised against future taxable profits.
At each balance sheet date, the Company re-assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to
the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as
the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company recognises / writes-down the carrying amount of
a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably
certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient
future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax
asset can be realised. Any such write-down is subsequently reversed to
the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as
the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which deferred tax asset can be realized.
MAT credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there
is convincing evidence that the company will pay normal income tax
during the specified period. In the year in which the Minimum
Alternative tax (MAT) credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an
asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in guidance Note
issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said
asset is created by way of a credit to the profit and loss account and
shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each
balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit
Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the
effect that Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified
period.
n) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
o) Provisions
A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of
resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to
its present value and are determined based on best management estimate
required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are
reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current
best management estimates.
Accordingly, warranty costs are provided on an accrual basis, taking
into account the past trend of warranty claims received by the Company,
to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date.
p) Expenditure on new projects and substantial expansion
Expenditure directly relating to construction activity is capitalised.
Indirect expenditure incurred during construction period is capitalised
as part of the construction cost to the extent to which the expenditure
is indirectly related to construction or is incidental thereto. Other
indirect expenditure (including borrowing costs) incurred during the
construction period which is not related to the construction activity
nor is incidental thereto is charged to the Profit and Loss Account.
Income earned, if any, during construction period is deducted from the
total of the indirect expenditure.
All direct capital expenditure on expansion are capitalised. As regards
indirect expenditure on expansion, only that portion is capitalised
which represents the marginal increase in such expenditure involved as
a result of capital expansion. Both direct and indirect expenditure are
capitalised only if they increase the value of the asset beyond its
original standard of performance.
q) Segment Reporting Policies
The Companys operating businesses are organised and managed separately
according to the nature of products and services provided, with each
segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different
products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical
segments is based on the geographical location of the customers.
r) Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise cash at
bank and in hand and short- term investments with an original maturity
of three months or less.
s) Derivative instruments
As per the ICAI Announcement, accounting for derivative contracts,
other than those covered under AS-11, are marked to market on a
portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting
effect on the underlying hedge item is charged to the income statement.
Net gains are ignored. |