(i) Basis of Accounting
The financial statements are prepared under historical cost convention
on an accrual basis and are in accordance with the requirements of the
Companies Act, 1956, and comply with the Accounting Standards referred
to in sub-section (3C) of Section 211 of the said Act.
(ii) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally
Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India, requires management to
make estimate and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets
and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities on the
date of financial statements and the reported amount of revenue and
expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could defer from
those estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised
prospectively in current and future period.
(iii) Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at their original cost of acquisition and
installation, less accumulated depreciation, amortisation and
impairment losses if any. Cost comprises of the purchase price and any
other directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working
condition for its intended use.
(iv) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of
qualifying assets are capitalised for the period until the asset is
ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is an asset that
necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its
intended use. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the
period in which they are incurred.
(v) Depreciation
(a) Depreciation is provided on the written down value method at the
rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. The rates
of depreciation prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956
are considered as the minimum rates. If the managements estimate of
the useful life of a fixed asset at the time of acquisition of the
asset or of the remaining useful life on a subsequent review is shorter
than that envisaged in the aforesaid schedule, depreciation is provided
at the higher rate based on the managements estimates of the useful
life / remaining useful life. Pursuant to this policy, in respect of
colour dispensers the rate of depreciation applied is 45 per cent,
which management considers as being representative of the useful
economic life of such assets.
(b) Leasehold land and leasehold improvements are amortised over the
primary period of lease.
(c) Purchase cost and user licence fees for major software are
amortised over a period of three years.
(vi) Impairment
The carrying amount of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external
factors. Impairment loss is provided to the extent the carrying amount
of assets exceed their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the
higher of an assets net selling price and its value in use. Value in
use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to
arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the
end of its useful life. Net selling price is the amount obtainable from
the sale of an asset in an arms length transaction between
knowledgeable, willing parties less the cost of disposal. If at the
balance sheet date there is an indication that the previously assessed
impairment loss no longer exist, the recoverable amount is reassessed
and the asset is refected at recoverable amount subject to maximum of
depreciable historical cost.
(vii) Investments
(a) Long term investments are stated at cost. A provision for
diminution is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the
value of long term investments. The determination for dimunition is
done separately for each individual investment.
(b) Current investments, consist of investments in mutual funds, are
stated at lower of cost and fair value where net asset value declared
by the respective funds is considered as fair value.
(c) Profit or loss on sale of investments is determined on the basis of
weighted average carrying amount of investments disposed off.
(viii) Inventories
(a) Stores and spare parts are valued at cost less amounts written
down.
(b) Stock in trade comprising of raw materials, packing materials,
stock in process and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost and
net realisable value after making such provisions as required on
account of damaged, unserviceable, inert and obsolete stocks. The
comparison of the cost and net realisable value is made on item by item
basis.
(c) Cost has been arrived at on the basis of weighted average method.
(d) The net realisable value of stock in process is determined with
reference to the selling prices of related finished goods. Raw
materials and other supplies held for use in production of inventories
are not written down below cost except in cases where material prices
have declined and it is estimated that the cost of finished products
will exceed their net realisable value. In such cases, the materials
are valued at replacement cost.
(ix) Revenue Recognition
(a) Sales are recognised in accordance with Accounting Standard 9 viz.
when the seller has transferred to the buyer, the property in the
goods, for a price, or significant risk and rewards of ownership have
been transferred to the buyer.
(b) Sales are inclusive of excise duty, processing charges, sale of
scrap and income from services and are net of trade discount and
product rebate.
(c) Dividend income is accounted when the right to receive payment is
established and known.
(d) Interest income is recognised on the time proportion basis.
(x) Employee Benefits
(a) Short term employee benefits :
Short term employee benefits are recognised as an expense at the
undiscounted amount in the profit and loss account of the year in which
the related service is rendered.
|