a) Fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation,
amortisation and impairment losses if any. Cost comprises the purchase
price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working
condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition
of fixed assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for
its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the
period till such assets are ready to be put to use.
c) Impairment
i. The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet
date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/
external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the
carrying amount of an asset exceed its recoverable amount. The
recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and
value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average
cost of capital that reflects current market assessments of the time
value of money and risks specific to the assets.
ii. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the assets over its remaining useful life.
iii. A previously recognized impairment loss is increased or reversed
depending on changes in circumstances. However the carrying value after
reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have
prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.
d) Operating Leases
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as
operating leases. Lease payments on operating leases are recognized as
expense in the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis, over
the lease term.
e) Government grants and subsidies
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is
reasonable assurance that the grant/subsidy will be received and all
attaching conditions will be complied with.
When the grant or subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognized
as income over the periods necessary to match them on a systematic
basis to the costs, which it is intended to compensate. Where the grant
or subsidy relates to an asset, its value is deducted from the gross
value in arriving at the carrying amount of the related asset.
Government grant in the nature of promoters'' contribution is credited
to the investment subsidy reserve.
f) Investment
Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at
cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a
decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.
g) Inventories
Inventories of raw materials, packing materials, work-in-progress,
finished goods, stores and consumables items are valued at cost or net
realizable value, whichever is lower. However, materials and other
items held for use in the production of inventories are not written
down below cost if the finished products in which they will be
incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost.
Cost is ascertained on First-in-First-out (''FIFO'') basis and includes
all applicable costs incurred in bringing goods to their present
location and condition. Cost of work in progress, manufactured packing
material and finished goods includes materials and all applicable
manufacturing overheads. The Company accrues for excise duty liability
in respect of manufactured finished goods/ intermediary inventories
lying in the factory.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business, less estimated cost of completion and estimated
cost necessary to make the sale.
h) Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Sale of Goods
Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of
ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Excise Duty, Sales Tax
and VAT deducted from turnover (gross) is the amount that is included
in the amount of turnover (gross) and not the entire amount of
liability arised during the year. Revenue includes the amount of excise
duty refund received/due in accordance with incentive scheme. Revenue
is net of trade discount given.
Interest
Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
i) Foreign currency translation
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
(iii) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting company''s monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise.
j) Retirement and other employee benefits
(i) Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund and
Superannuation Fund are defined contribution schemes and the
contributions are charged to the profit and loss account of the year
when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no
other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective
fund.
(ii) Gratuity liability is defined benefit obligation and is provided
for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit
method made at the end of each financial year.
(iii) Short-term compensated absences are provided for based on
estimates at the year end. Long-term compensated absences are provided
for based on actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as
per projected unit credit method.
(iv) Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss
account and are not deferred.
k) Sales promotion items
Sales promotion items are valued at cost or net realizable value,
whichever is lower. Cost is ascertained on First-in-First-out (''FIFO'')
basis and includes all applicable costs incurred in bringing goods to
their present location and condition.
l) Income-tax
Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax
is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act. Deferred income taxes
reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable
income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing
differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations
where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax
losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual
certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised
against future taxable profits.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available.
MAT credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there
is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax
during the specified period. In the year in which the Minimum
Alternative Tax (MAT) credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an
asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in guidance Note
issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said
asset is created by way of a credit to the profit and loss account and
shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each
balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit
Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the
effect that Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified
period.
m) Provisions
A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
n) Excise duty
Excise duty on turnover is reduced from turnover. Excise duty relating
to the difference between the opening stock and closing stock is
recognized as income/expense as the case may be, separately in the
Profit and Loss account.
o) Segment Reporting Policies
Identification of segments:
The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of products, with each segment representing a
strategic business unit that offers different products and serves
different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on
the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.
Segment policies:
The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the
accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial
statements of the Company as a whole.
Intersegment transfer:
The Company generally accounts for inter segment sales and transfers as
if the sales or transfer were to third parties at market price.
Allocation of common costs:
Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the
relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.
Unallocated items:
It includes general corporate income and expense items which are not
allocated to any business segment.
p) Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The
weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year
are adjusted for event of bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue
to existing shareholders, share split, and reverse share split.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
q) Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement
comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an
original maturity of three months or less.
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