1) BASIS OF PREPARATION OF ACCOUNTS:
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
aspects with the Accounting Standards notified by the Companies
(Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant
provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have
been prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis
except in respect of fixed assets for which revaluation is carried out.
Further, insurance & other claims, on the ground of prudence or
uncertainty in realisation, are accounted for as and when accepted /
received. The accounting policies applied by the Company are consistent
with those used in the previous year.
2) USE OF ESTIMATES :
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally
Accepted Accounting Principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the balance
sheet date and the results of operations during the reporting year.
Although these estimates are based upon management''s best knowledge of
current events and actions, actual results could differ from these
estimates.
3) FIXED ASSETS:
Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition inclusive of duties (net
of CENVAT/VAT), taxes, incidental expenses, erection/ commissioning
expenses and interest etc. up to the date the asset is ready to be put
to use. In case of revaluation of fixed assets, the cost as assessed by
the valuer is considered in the accounts and the differential amount is
transferred to revaluation reserve.
Exchange differences, in respect of accounting periods commencing from
1st April 2007, on reporting of long-term foreign currency monetary
items at rates different from those at which they were initially
recorded, or reported in previous financial statements, in so far as
they relate to the acquisition of a depreciable capital asset, are
added to or deducted from the cost of the asset except for that part of
exchange difference which is regarded as an adjustment to interest
costs and are depreciated over the balance life of the respective
asset.
b) Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with a
particular item of fixed assets and whose use, as per the technical
assessment, is expected to be irregular, are capitalised and
depreciated prospectively over the residual life of the respective
asset.
c) The carrying amount of assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date
to determine if there is any indication of impairment thereof based on
external / internal factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever
the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount, which
represents the greater of the net selling price of assets and their
''value in use''. The estimated future cash flows are discounted to their
present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current
market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the
asset.
4) DEPRECIATION:
a) The classification of Plant & Machinery into continuous and
non-continuous process is done as per technical certification and
depreciation thereon is provided accordingly
b) Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on straight-line method at
the rates and in the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies
Act, 1956 or at rates determined based on the useful life of the assets
estimated by the management, whichever is higher. ,
c) Depreciation on value adjustments made to the fixed assets due to
change in foreign exchange rates prevailing at the end of the year, is
provided prospectively from the date of procurement over the balance
life of the respective assets.
d) Depreciation on revalued assets is provided at the rates specified
in Section 205 (2) (b) of the Companies Act, 1956. However, in case of
fixed assets whose life is determined by the valuer to be less than
their useful life under Section 205, depreciation is provided at the
higher rates, to ensure the amortisation of these assets over their
useful life.
e) Leasehold Land is amortised over the period of lease.
f) in case of impairment, if any, depreciation is provided on the
revised carrying amount of the assets over their remaining useful life.
5) FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS:
a) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency by
applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the
reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
b) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
c) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences, in respect of accounting periods commencing from
1st April 2007, arising on reporting of long-term foreign currency
monetary items at rates different from those at which they were
initially recorded, or reported in previous financial statements, in so
far as they relate to the acquisition of a depreciable capital asset,
are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset (except for that
part of exchange difference which is regarded as an adjustment to
interest costs) and are depreciated over the balance life of the asset,
in other cases, such exchange differences are accumulated in a Foreign
Currency Monetary Items Translation Difference Account and amortised
over the balance period of such long-term asset/liability but not
beyond 31st March, 2011, and recognised directly to Profit & Loss
Account as income or expense after 31 st March, 2011.
Exchange differences arising on the settlement or reporting of monetary
items, not covered above, at rates different from those at which they
were initially recorded, or reported in previous financial statements,
are recognised as income or expenses in the period in which they arise.
d) Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation
purposes
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the
contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised in the
statement of Profit & Loss in the period in which the exchange rates
change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of
forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the
year. However, exchange differences in respect of accounting period
commencing from 1st April, 2007 arising on the forward exchange
contracts undertaken to hedge the long term foreign currency monetary
item, in so far as they relate to the acquisition of depreciable
capital asset, are added to or deducted from the cost of asset, in
other cases, such exchange differences are accumulated in Foreign
Currency Monetary Items Translation Difference Account and amortised
over the balance period of such long term asset/ liability but not
beyond 31st March, 2011, and recognised directly to Profit & Loss
Account as income or expense after 31st March, 2011.
e) Derivative Instruments
In terms of the announcement made by the Institute of Chartered
Accountants of India, the accounting for derivative contracts (other
than those covered under AS-11) is done based on the marked to market
principle on a portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the
offsetting effect of the underlying hedged item, is charged to the
Profit & Loss Account. Net gains are ignored as a matter of prudence.
6) INVESTMENTS:
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at
cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a
decline ''other than temporary'' in the value of the investments.
7) INVENTORIES:
Inventories are valued as follows :
Raw materials, components, stores and spare parts:
At the lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and
other items held for use in the production of inventories are not
written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be
incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is
determined on a weighted average basis.
Work-in-process and finished goods:
At the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct
materials and labour and a part of manufacturing overheads based on
normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty.
Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.
By-Products and Saleable Scraps are measured at its net realizable
value.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business, less estimated costs of completion and sale
thereof.
8) BORROWING COSTS :
Borrowing costs relating to the acquisition / construction of
qualifying assets are capitalized until the time all substantial
activities necessary to prepare the qualifying assets for their
intended use are complete. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily
takes substantial period ot time to get ready for its intended use. All
other borrowing costs including exchange differences to the extent they
are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs, are charged to
revenue.
9) EXCISE DUTY & CUSTOM DUTY :
Excise duty is accounted for at the point of manufacture of goods and
accordingly is considered for valuation of finished goods stock lying
in the factories as on the balance sheet date. Similarly, customs duty
on imported materials in transit / lying in bonded warehouse is
accounted for at the time of import / bonding of materials.
10) EARNING PER SHARE :
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting
preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted average
number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the
weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
11) REVENUE RECOGNITION :
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured.
Sale of Goods
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when significant risks and
rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer, which
generally coincides with delivery. Sales are net of returns, claims,
trade discounts, Sales Tax and VAT etc.
Interest
Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
12) RETIREMENT AND OTHER EMPLOYEE BENEFITS :
a) Retirement benefits in the form of Provident and Superannuation
Funds are defined contribution schemes and these contributions are
charged to Profit & Loss Account in the year when these become due to
the respective funds.
b) Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided
for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, as per projected unit
credit method made at the Balance Sheet date.
c) Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates.
Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial
valuation, as per projected unit credit method.
d) Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Profit & Loss
Account and are not deferred.
13) TAXATION :
Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax
is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflect
the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income
and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences
of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and tax laws enacted or
substantially enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets
and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right
exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities
and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the
taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws. Deferred tax is
recognised, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing
differences, being differences between taxable and accounting income
that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more
subsequent period(s). Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the
extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future
taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets
can be realised. If the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry
forward tax losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is
virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that such deferred
tax assets can be realised against future taxable profits.
At each Balance Sheet date, the Company re-assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance
Sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available.
14) SEGMENT REPORTING :
Identification of Segments
The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of products and services provided, with each
segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different
products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical
segments is based on the areas in which customers of the Company are
located.
Unallocable items
The unallocable items consist of general corporate incomes and expenses
which are not allocable to any business segment.
15) LEASES:
Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the Company substantially
all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item,
are capitalized at the lower of the fair value and present value of the
minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease term and disclosed
as leased assets.
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the Profit & Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease
term.
16) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS :
Cash and cash equivalents as indicated in the Cash flow statement
comprise of cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an
original maturity of three months or less.
17) PROVISION:
A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as
a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle such obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
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