1. Basis of preparation of financial statements
The financial statements have been prepared and presented under the
historical cost convention on an accrual basis of accounting and are in
compliance with the applicable Accounting Standards notified in the
Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the
relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act). Except
otherwise mentioned, the accounting policies have been consistently
applied by the Company and are consistent with those used in the
previous year.
2. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with Indian
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, which require the management
to make estimates and assumptions, that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities on the
date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues
and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ
from those estimates and differences between actual results and
estimates are recognised in the periods in which the results are
known/materialised.
3. Revenue recognition
Fees are recognised on accrual basis in accordance with
agreements/arrangements.
Dividend income on investments is accounted for when the Companys
right to receive dividend is established.
Interest income is recognised on accrual basis.
4. Fixed assets and depreciation Owned tangible assets
Tangible fixed assets are stated at original cost of acquisition less
accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Cost comprises of all
costs incurred to bring the assets to their present location and
working condition.
Depreciation on tangible fixed assets is provided, on a pro-rata basis
for the period of use, on the Straight Line Method (SLM), based on
rates as per managements estimate of useful life of the fixed assets,
or at the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Act whichever is
higher. The estimated useful life is as per the following table:
Assets Useful Life
Furniture 10 years
Office equipment 5 years
Computers 5 years
Leasehold improvements 10 years or lease period whichever
is lower
Office premises 61 years
Assets costing Rs. 5,000/- or less are fully depreciated in the year of
acquisition.
Owned intangible assets
Intangible fixed assets are stated at the cost of acquisition or
internal generation, less accumulated amortisation and impairment
losses. An intangible asset is recognised, where it is probable that
the future economic benefits attributable to the assets will flow to
the enterprise and where its cost can be reliably measured. The
depreciable amount of the intangible assets is allocated over the best
estimate of its useful life on a straight line basis.
The Company capitalises software and related implementation costs where
it is reasonably estimated that the software has an enduring useful
life. Software is depreciated over management estimate of its useful
life not exceeding 5 years.
Leased assets
Assets acquired under finance lease are capitalised at the inception of
lease at the fair value of the assets or present value of minimum lease
payments whichever is lower. These assets are fully depreciated on a
straight line basis over the lease term or its useful life whichever is
shorter.
5. Impairment of assets
An asset is considered as impaired when on the balance sheet date there
are indications of impairment in the carrying amount of the assets, or
where applicable the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs,
exceeds its recoverable amount (i.e., the higher of the assets net
selling price and value in use). The carrying amount is reduced to the
level of recoverable amount and the reduction is recognised as an
impairment loss in the profit and loss account.
6. Investments
Investments are classified as long term or current. Long term
investments are carried at cost; however, provision for diminution in
the value of long term investments is made to recognise a decline,
other than temporary, in the value of investments. The provision for
diminution in the value of the quoted long term investments is made to
recognise the decline at lower of cost and market value, determined on
the basis of the quoted prices of individual investment. Provision for
diminution in the value of unquoted long term investments is made as
per the Managements estimate. Current investments are carried at
lower of cost or fair value.
7. Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the rate of exchange
prevailing on the date of transaction. Foreign currency monetary items
are reported using closing rate of exchange at the end of the year. The
resulting exchange gain/loss is reflected in the profit and loss
account. Other non-monetary items like fixed assets, investments in
equity shares, are carried in terms of historical cost using the
exchange rate at the date of transaction.
8. Employee benefits Defined contribution plan
The Company makes defined contribution to the provident fund, which is
recognised in the profit and loss account on accrual basis.
Defined benefit plan
The Companys liabilities under the Payment of Gratuity Act are
determined on the basis of actuarial valuation made at the end of each
financial year using the projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains
and losses are recognised in the
statement of profit and loss account as income or expense respectively.
Obligation is measured at the present value of estimated future cash
flows using a discounted rate that is determined by reference to market
yields on the date of balance sheet on government bonds where the
currency and terms of the government bonds are consistent with the
currency and estimated terms of the defined benefit obligation.
Short-term employee benefits
Short-term employee benefits are recognised as an expense at the
undiscounted amount in the profit and loss account of the year in which
the related services are rendered.
9. Taxation
Tax expenses comprise current and deferred tax.
A provision for current tax is made on the basis of the estimated
taxable income for the current accounting year in accordance with the
provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961.
Deferred tax for timing differences between the book and tax profits
for the year is accounted for, using the tax rates and laws that apply
substantively as on the date of balance sheet. Deferred tax assets,
arising from timing differences, are recognised only if there is
reasonable certainty that these will be realised in future.
Deferred tax assets, in case of unabsorbed losses and unabsorbed
depreciation, are recognised only if there is virtual certainty that
such deferred tax asset can be realised against future taxable profits.
At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. Any
such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably
certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient
future taxable income will be available.
10. Operating leases
Leases, where significant portion of risk and reward of ownership
retained by the lessor, are classified as operating leases and lease
rentals thereon are charged to the profit and loss account.
11. Employee stock option scheme
The stock options granted are accounted for as per the accounting
treatment prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Board of India
(SEBI) (Employees Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase
Scheme) Guidelines, 1999, whereby the intrinsic value of the option is
recognised as deferred employee compensation. The deferred employee
compensation is charged to the profit and loss account over the period
of vesting. The employee stock option outstanding account, net of any
unamortised deferred employee compensation, is shown separately as part
of Reserves.
12. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
Contingent liabilities are possible but not probable obligations as on
the balance sheet date, based on the available evidence. Provisions are
recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past
event; and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required
to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can
be made. Provisions are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. Contingent assets are
not recognised in the financial statements.
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