(a) Basis of Preparation
The consolidated financial statements of IRB Infrastructure Developers
Limited (‘IRB'' or ‘the Company'' its subsidiary companies have been
prepared to comply in all material respects with the notified
Accounting Standards issued by the Companies (Accounting Standards)
Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies
Act, 1956. The financial statements have been prepared under the
historical cost convention on an accrual basis. The accounting policies
have been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with
those used in the previous year.
(b) Principles of Consolidation
i. The consolidated financial statements of the group have been
prepared in accordance with the Accounting Standard 21 ‘Consolidated
Financial Statements'' notified under by the Companies (Accounting
Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended).
ii. The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared using
uniform accounting policies for like transactions and other events in
similar circumstances and are presented, to the extent possible, in the
same manner as the Company''s separate financial statements.
iii. The financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries have
been combined on a line-by-line basis by adding together the book
values of like items of assets, liabilities, income and expenses after
eliminating all intra group transactions, balances and unrealized
surpluses and deficits on transactions except as stated in point no.
iv.
iv. The Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT)/Design, Build, Finance,
Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) contracts are governed by Service
concession agreements with government authorities (grantor). Under
these agreements, the operator does not own the road, but gets toll
collection rights against the construction services rendered. Since
the construction revenue earned by the operator is considered as
exchanged with the grantor against toll collection rights, profit from
such contracts is considered as realized.
Accordingly, BOT/DBFOT contracts awarded to group companies (operator),
where work is sub- contracted to fellow subsidiaries, the intra group
transactions on BOT/DBFOT contracts and the profits arising thereon are
taken as realised and not eliminated.
v. The excess of cost to the Company of its investments in subsidiary
companies over its share of the equity of the subsidiary companies at
the dates on which the investments in the subsidiary companies are
made, is recognized as ‘Goodwill'' being an asset in the consolidated
financial statements. Alternatively, where the share of equity in the
subsidiary companies as on the date of investment is in excess of cost
of investment of the Company, it is recognized as ‘Capital Reserve'' and
shown under the head ‘Reserves and Surplus'', in the consolidated
financial statements.
vi. Goodwill arising out of acquisition of subsidiary companies is
amortised over a period of ten years from the date of
acquisition/investment.
vii. Minority interest in the net assets of consolidated subsidiaries
is identified and present in the consolidated balance sheet separately
from liabilities and equity of the Company''s shareholders.
Minority interest in the net assets of consolidated subsidiaries
consists of:
a) The amount of equity attributed to minority at the date on which
investment in a subsidiary relationship came into existence.
b) The minority share of movement in equity since the date parent
subsidiary relationship came into existence.
c) Minority interest share of net profit/(loss) for the year of
consolidated subsidiaries is identified and adjusted against the profit
after tax of the group.
(c) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
period end. Although these estimates are based upon management''s best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
(d) Fixed Assets and Intangibles
Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
its intended use.
Intangible Assets
Toll Collection Rights
Intangibles are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization and
impairment losses, if any.
Costs for acquired toll rights include acquisition and incidental
expenses related to such acquisition.
Toll collection rights awarded by the grantor against construction
service rendered by the Company on BOT/DBFOT basis include direct and
indirect expenses on construction of roads, bridges, culverts etc. and
infrastructure at the toll plazas.
Capital work-in-progress
Expenditure related to and incurred during implementation of project
and related capital advances included under Capital Work-in-Progress
schedule. The same will be appropriately allocated to the respective
fixed assets on completion of project.
(e) Depreciation and Amortisation
Depreciation
Depreciation is provided using the Written Down Value Method as per
Schedule XIV of Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation is provided pro rata
to the period of use on all addition except addition below Rs. 5,000/-
which are depreciated at the rate of 100% in the year of purchase.
Amortisation
Toll Collection Rights are amortised over the concession period ranging
from 12 to 26 years as agreed with grantor. The rights are amortised
based on the projected toll revenue which reflects the pattern in which
the asset''s economic benefits are consumed. The projected total toll
revenue is based on the latest available base case traffic volume
projections. If there is material change in the expected pattern of
economic benefits, the amortization is revised.
(f) Impairment
(i) The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet
date if there is any indication of impairment based on
internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever
the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The
recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and
value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average
cost of capital.
(ii) After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life. Previously
recognized impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on
changes in circumstances.
(g) Leases
Lease payments under operating lease are recognised as an expense in
the profit and Loss on a straight line basis over the lease term.
(h) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or
construction of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of
time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part
of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consists of interest
and other cost that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing
of funds.
(i) Investments
Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at
cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a
decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.
(j) Inventories
Inventories are valued as follows:
Construction materials, components, stores and spares
Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined on
first-in-first-out basis.
Work-in-progress and finished goods.
Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials
and labour and a proportion of overheads based on normal operating
capacity.
Land and Plots
Land and Plots are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated
costs necessary to make the sale.
(k) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
reliably measured. Construction contracts
Contract revenue and contract cost associated with the construction of
road are recognized as revenue and expenses respectively by reference
to the stage of completion of the projects at the balance sheet date.
The stage of completion of project is determined by the proportion that
contract cost incurred for work performed upto the balance sheet date
bear to the estimated total contract costs. If total cost is estimated
to exceed total contract revenue, the company provides for foreseeable
loss.
Operation and maintenance contracts
Revenue from maintenance contracts are recognised pro-rata over the
period of the contract as and when services are rendered.
Income from Toll Contracts
The net income from Toll contracts BOT basis are recognized on actual
collection of toll revenue.
Technical Service Charges
Revenue from technical service charges are recognised pro-rata over the
period of contract as and when the services are rendered.
Revenue from Trading sales
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized in profit and loss when the
significant risks and rewards in respect of ownership of goods has been
transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the respective sales
order, and the income can be measured reliably and is expected to be
received.
Revenue from Wind-Mill Power Generation
Revenue from Wind-Mill Power Generation is recognised when the
electricity is delivered to Electricity Distribution Company at a
common delivery point and the same is measured on the basis of meter
reading.
Interest
Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account
the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
Dividends
Revenue is recognised when the shareholders'' right to receive payment
is established by the balance sheet date.
(l) Foreign currency translation
Foreign currecny transaction
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
(iii) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting company''s monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise.
(m) Retirement and other employee benefits
(i) Defined Contribution Plan
Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund and Pension Fund are
a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the
Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the
respective funds are due. There are no other obligations other than the
contribution payable to the respective authorities.
(ii) Defined Benefit Plan
Gratuity liability for eligible employees is defined benefit obligation
and are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on
projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year.
Obligation is measured at the present value of estimated future cash
flows using discounted rate that is determined by reference to market
yields at the Balance Sheet date on Government Securities where the
currency and terms of the Government Securities are consistent with the
currency and estimated terms of the defined benefit obligation.
(iii) Leave Encashment
Compensated absences arising during the calendar year can be availed
only upto the end of respective calendar year and are not encashable.
Compensated absences are provided for based on estimates.
(iv) Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to Profit and Loss
account and are not deferred. (n) Income taxes
Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax
is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961, enacted in India. Deferred
income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences
between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal
of timing differences of earlier years.
Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if legally
enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against current
tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax
liabilities related to the taxes on income levied by same governing
taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent
that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation
or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized
only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence
that they can be realized against future taxable profits.
At each balance sheet date the Group re-assesses unrecognised deferred
tax assets. It recognises previously unrecognised deferred tax assets
to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually
certain, as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will
be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
sufficient future taxable income will be available.
Minimum alternative tax (MAT) credit is recognised as an asset only
when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company
will pay income tax higher than that computed under MAT, during the
period that MAT is permitted to be set off under the Income Tax Act,
1961 (specified period). In the year, in which the MAT credit becomes
eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the
recommendations contained in the guidance note issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), the said asset is created by
way of a credit to the profit and loss account and shown as MAT credit
entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date
and writes down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the
extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the
Company will pay income tax higher than MAT during the specified
period.
(o) Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit for
the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting
attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares
outstanding during the period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting attributable taxes) and the weighted average number of shares
outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all
dilutive potential equity shares.
(p) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
Contingent liabilities are not recognised but disclosed by way of notes
to the accounts. Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed
in financial statements.
(q) Resurfacing Expenses
Resurfacing costs are recognised and measured in accordance with AS-29
Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets i.e. at the
best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present
obligation at the balance sheet date.
(r) Deferred Revenue expenditure
Costs incurred in raising funds are amortised equally over the period
for which the funds are raised. Where such period is not practically
determinable they are amortised equally over a period of 5 years.
(s) Derivative Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as interest rate
swaps to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations
and interest rate. As per the ICAI Announcement, accounting for
derivative contracts, other than those covered under AS – 11, ‘Effects
of changes in foreign exchange rates (revised 2003) are marked to
market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the
offsetting effect on the underlying hedge item is charged to the income
statement. Unrealised net gains are ignored.
(t) Cash and Cash equivalent
Cash and cash equivalent in the Balance Sheet comprise cash at bank and
in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three
month and less.
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