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IRB Infrastructure Developers
BSE: 532947|NSE: IRB|ISIN: INE821I01014|SECTOR: Construction & Contracting - Civil
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« Mar 10
Accounting Policy Year : Mar '11
(a) Basis of Preparation
 
 The consolidated financial statements of IRB Infrastructure Developers
 Limited (‘IRB'' or ‘the Company'' its subsidiary companies have been
 prepared to comply in all material respects with the notified
 Accounting Standards issued by the Companies (Accounting Standards)
 Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies
 Act, 1956. The financial statements have been prepared under the
 historical cost convention on an accrual basis. The accounting policies
 have been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with
 those used in the previous year.
 
 (b) Principles of Consolidation
 
 i. The consolidated financial statements of the group have been
 prepared in accordance with the Accounting Standard 21 ‘Consolidated
 Financial Statements'' notified under by the Companies (Accounting
 Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended).
 
 ii. The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared using
 uniform accounting policies for like transactions and other events in
 similar circumstances and are presented, to the extent possible, in the
 same manner as the Company''s separate financial statements.
 
 iii. The financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries have
 been combined on a line-by-line basis by adding together the book
 values of like items of assets, liabilities, income and expenses after
 eliminating all intra group transactions, balances and unrealized
 surpluses and deficits on transactions except as stated in point no.
 iv.
 
 iv. The Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT)/Design, Build, Finance,
 Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) contracts are governed by Service
 concession agreements with government authorities (grantor). Under
 these agreements, the operator does not own the road, but gets toll
 collection rights against the construction services rendered. Since
 the construction revenue earned by the operator is considered as
 exchanged with the grantor against toll collection rights, profit from
 such contracts is considered as realized.
 
 Accordingly, BOT/DBFOT contracts awarded to group companies (operator),
 where work is sub- contracted to fellow subsidiaries, the intra group
 transactions on BOT/DBFOT contracts and the profits arising thereon are
 taken as realised and not eliminated.
 
 v. The excess of cost to the Company of its investments in subsidiary
 companies over its share of the equity of the subsidiary companies at
 the dates on which the investments in the subsidiary companies are
 made, is recognized as ‘Goodwill'' being an asset in the consolidated
 financial statements.  Alternatively, where the share of equity in the
 subsidiary companies as on the date of investment is in excess of cost
 of investment of the Company, it is recognized as ‘Capital Reserve'' and
 shown under the head ‘Reserves and Surplus'', in the consolidated
 financial statements.
 
 vi. Goodwill arising out of acquisition of subsidiary companies is
 amortised over a period of ten years from the date of
 acquisition/investment.
 
 vii. Minority interest in the net assets of consolidated subsidiaries
 is identified and present in the consolidated balance sheet separately
 from liabilities and equity of the Company''s shareholders.
 
 Minority interest in the net assets of consolidated subsidiaries
 consists of:
 
 a) The amount of equity attributed to minority at the date on which
 investment in a subsidiary relationship came into existence.
 
 b) The minority share of movement in equity since the date parent
 subsidiary relationship came into existence.
 
 c) Minority interest share of net profit/(loss) for the year of
 consolidated subsidiaries is identified and adjusted against the profit
 after tax of the group.
 
 (c) Use of estimates
 
 The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
 accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
 and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
 liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
 financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
 period end. Although these estimates are based upon management''s best
 knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
 from these estimates.
 
 (d) Fixed Assets and Intangibles
 
 Fixed Assets
 
 Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
 impairment losses if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
 attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
 its intended use.
 
 Intangible Assets
 
 Toll Collection Rights
 
 Intangibles are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization and
 impairment losses, if any.
 
 Costs for acquired toll rights include acquisition and incidental
 expenses related to such acquisition.
 
 Toll collection rights awarded by the grantor against construction
 service rendered by the Company on BOT/DBFOT basis include direct and
 indirect expenses on construction of roads, bridges, culverts etc. and
 infrastructure at the toll plazas.
 
 Capital work-in-progress
 
 Expenditure related to and incurred during implementation of project
 and related capital advances included under Capital Work-in-Progress
 schedule. The same will be appropriately allocated to the respective
 fixed assets on completion of project.
 
 (e) Depreciation and Amortisation
 
 Depreciation
 
 Depreciation is provided using the Written Down Value Method as per
 Schedule XIV of Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation is provided pro rata
 to the period of use on all addition except addition below Rs. 5,000/-
 which are depreciated at the rate of 100% in the year of purchase.
 
 Amortisation
 
 Toll Collection Rights are amortised over the concession period ranging
 from 12 to 26 years as agreed with grantor. The rights are amortised
 based on the projected toll revenue which reflects the pattern in which
 the asset''s economic benefits are consumed. The projected total toll
 revenue is based on the latest available base case traffic volume
 projections. If there is material change in the expected pattern of
 economic benefits, the amortization is revised.
 
 (f) Impairment
 
 (i) The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet
 date if there is any indication of impairment based on
 internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever
 the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The
 recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and
 value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
 flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average
 cost of capital.
 
 (ii) After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
 amount of the asset over its remaining useful life. Previously
 recognized impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on
 changes in circumstances.
 
 (g) Leases
 
 Lease payments under operating lease are recognised as an expense in
 the profit and Loss on a straight line basis over the lease term.
 
 (h) Borrowing Costs
 
 Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or
 construction of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of
 time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part
 of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
 expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consists of interest
 and other cost that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing
 of funds.
 
 (i) Investments
 
 Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not
 more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
 investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
 investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on
 an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at
 cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a
 decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.
 
 (j) Inventories
 
 Inventories are valued as follows:
 
 Construction materials, components, stores and spares
 
 Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined on
 first-in-first-out basis.
 
 Work-in-progress and finished goods.
 
 Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials
 and labour and a proportion of overheads based on normal operating 
 capacity.
 
 Land and Plots
 
 Land and Plots are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value.
 
 Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
 course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated
 costs necessary to make the sale.
 
 (k) Revenue Recognition
 
 Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
 economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
 reliably measured.  Construction contracts
 
 Contract revenue and contract cost associated with the construction of
 road are recognized as revenue and expenses respectively by reference
 to the stage of completion of the projects at the balance sheet date.
 The stage of completion of project is determined by the proportion that
 contract cost incurred for work performed upto the balance sheet date
 bear to the estimated total contract costs. If total cost is estimated
 to exceed total contract revenue, the company provides for foreseeable
 loss.
 
 Operation and maintenance contracts
 
 Revenue from maintenance contracts are recognised pro-rata over the
 period of the contract as and when services are rendered.
 
 Income from Toll Contracts
 
 The net income from Toll contracts BOT basis are recognized on actual
 collection of toll revenue.
 
 Technical Service Charges
 
 Revenue from technical service charges are recognised pro-rata over the
 period of contract as and when the services are rendered.
 
 Revenue from Trading sales
 
 Revenue from sale of goods is recognized in profit and loss when the
 significant risks and rewards in respect of ownership of goods has been
 transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the respective sales
 order, and the income can be measured reliably and is expected to be
 received.
 
 Revenue from Wind-Mill Power Generation
 
 Revenue from Wind-Mill Power Generation is recognised when the
 electricity is delivered to Electricity Distribution Company at a
 common delivery point and the same is measured on the basis of meter
 reading.
 
 Interest
 
 Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account
 the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.
 
 Dividends
 
 Revenue is recognised when the shareholders'' right to receive payment
 is established by the balance sheet date.
 
 (l) Foreign currency translation
 
 Foreign currecny transaction
 
 (i) Initial Recognition
 
 Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
 by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
 the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
 transaction.
 
 (ii) Conversion
 
 Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
 Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
 denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
 at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
 carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
 foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
 when the values were determined.
 
 (iii) Exchange Differences
 
 Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
 reporting company''s monetary items at rates different from those at
 which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
 previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses
 in the year in which they arise.
 
 (m) Retirement and other employee benefits
 
 (i) Defined Contribution Plan
 
 Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund and Pension Fund are
 a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the
 Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the
 respective funds are due. There are no other obligations other than the
 contribution payable to the respective authorities.
 
 (ii) Defined Benefit Plan
 
 Gratuity liability for eligible employees is defined benefit obligation
 and are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on
 projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year.
 Obligation is measured at the present value of estimated future cash
 flows using discounted rate that is determined by reference to market
 yields at the Balance Sheet date on Government Securities where the
 currency and terms of the Government Securities are consistent with the
 currency and estimated terms of the defined benefit obligation.
 
 (iii) Leave Encashment
 
 Compensated absences arising during the calendar year can be availed
 only upto the end of respective calendar year and are not encashable.
 Compensated absences are provided for based on estimates.
 
 (iv) Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to Profit and Loss
 account and are not deferred.  (n) Income taxes
 
 Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax
 is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
 accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961, enacted in India. Deferred
 income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences
 between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal
 of timing differences of earlier years.
 
 Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws
 enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
 tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if legally
 enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against current
 tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax
 liabilities related to the taxes on income levied by same governing
 taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent
 that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable
 income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
 realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation
 or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized
 only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence
 that they can be realized against future taxable profits.
 
 At each balance sheet date the Group re-assesses unrecognised deferred
 tax assets. It recognises previously unrecognised deferred tax assets
 to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually
 certain, as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will
 be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
 
 The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance
 sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred
 tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or
 virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable
 income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be
 realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes
 reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that
 sufficient future taxable income will be available.
 
 Minimum alternative tax (MAT) credit is recognised as an asset only
 when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company
 will pay income tax higher than that computed under MAT, during the
 period that MAT is permitted to be set off under the Income Tax Act,
 1961 (specified period). In the year, in which the MAT credit becomes
 eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the
 recommendations contained in the guidance note issued by the Institute
 of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), the said asset is created by
 way of a credit to the profit and loss account and shown as MAT credit
 entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date
 and writes down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the
 extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the
 Company will pay income tax higher than MAT during the specified
 period.
 
 (o) Earnings Per Share
 
 Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit for
 the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting
 attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares
 outstanding during the period.
 
 For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
 profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
 deducting attributable taxes) and the weighted average number of shares
 outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all
 dilutive potential equity shares.
 
 (p) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
 
 A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation
 as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources
 will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
 reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
 present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
 settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at
 each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
 estimates.
 
 Contingent liabilities are not recognised but disclosed by way of notes
 to the accounts. Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed
 in financial statements.
 
 (q) Resurfacing Expenses
 
 Resurfacing costs are recognised and measured in accordance with AS-29
 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets i.e. at the
 best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present
 obligation at the balance sheet date.
 
 (r) Deferred Revenue expenditure
 
 Costs incurred in raising funds are amortised equally over the period
 for which the funds are raised. Where such period is not practically
 determinable they are amortised equally over a period of 5 years.
 
 (s) Derivative Instruments
 
 The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as interest rate
 swaps to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency fluctuations
 and interest rate. As per the ICAI Announcement, accounting for
 derivative contracts, other than those covered under AS – 11, ‘Effects
 of changes in foreign exchange rates (revised 2003) are marked to
 market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the
 offsetting effect on the underlying hedge item is charged to the income
 statement. Unrealised net gains are ignored.
 
 (t) Cash and Cash equivalent
 
 Cash and cash equivalent in the Balance Sheet comprise cash at bank and
 in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three
 month and less.
 
Source : Dion Global Solutions Limited
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