a) Accounting Convention
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost
convention, on an accrual basis of accounting, to comply in all
material respects with the notified accounting standards by the
Companies Accounting Standards Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions
of the Companies Act, 1956. The accounting policies discussed more
fully below, are consistent with those used in the previous year.
b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
period end. Although these estimates are based upon managements best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
c) Inflation
Assets and liabilities are shown at historical cost except revalued
assets, which are shown at revalued amounts. No adjustments are made
for changes in purchasing power of money.
d) Fixed Assets
i. Fixed assets are recorded at cost of acquisition or construction
less CENVAT/Service Tax/VAT credit availed. Revalued assets are
recorded at revalued amounts.
ii. Project expenses pending allocation are apportioned to the fixed
assets of the project proportionately.
iii. Cost of borrowing for assets taking substantial time to be ready
for use is capitalised for the period up to the time the asset is ready
for use.
iv. Intangible Assets are recorded at cost of acquisition.
v. Leasehold land is amortised over the leasehold period.
e) Investments
Long term Investments are stated at cost. Provisions are made for
diminution in value of investments other than temporary in nature.
Current Investments are stated at cost or market value which ever is
lower.
f) Depreciation, Amortisation and Impairment
i) Depreciation on all assets of the Company is charged on straight
line method over the useful life of assets estimated by the management
in the manner provided in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 for
the proportionate period of use during the year. Intangible assets are
amortised over the economic useful life estimated by the management.
ii) The Company carries out exercise of assessment of any impairment to
its fixed assets as at each balance sheet date. Changes in level of
impairment are accounted in Profit and Loss Account separately.
Impairment loss in respect of assets sold / scrapped are reversed and
consequent profit or loss on such sale is accounted.
Impairment loss, if any, is provided to the extent, the carrying amount
of assets exceeds their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is
higher of an assets net selling price and its value in use. Value in
use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to
arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the
end of its useful life.
Depreciation charged on assets impaired is adjusted in future period
over its remaining useful life.
g) Inventories
Items of inventories are valued on the basis given below :
Raw Materials and Packing
Materials a) At Cost net of CENVAT/VAT
computed on First-in-First-out method.
b) Bulk drugs produced for captive
consumption are valued at cost.
Work-in-process and
Finished Goods At cost including material cost net
of CENVAT, labour cost and all
overheads other than selling and
distribution overheads for
work-in-process and the same or
net realisable value, whichever is
lower in case of finished goods
except physicians samples which
are valued at cost as computed above.
Excise duty is considered as cost for
finished goods wherever applicable.
Stores and Spares Stores and spare parts are valued at
purchase cost computed on
First-in-First-out method.
h) Employee Benefits
i. Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined
contribution scheme and contributions are charged to the Profit and
Loss Account for the year/period when the contributions are due.
ii. Gratuity being a defined benefit obligation is provided on the
basis of an actuarial valuation made at the end of each year/ period.
iii. Leave encashment is recognised on the basis of an actuarial
valuation made at the end of each year.
iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss
account and are not deferred.
v. Leave Travel Assistance (LTA) liability has been provided on the
basis of actual accumulated obligation.
i) Excise Duty and CENVAT Credit
I. The excise duty expenses are bifurcated into three components:
excise duty expenses related to sales is reduced from gross sales,
excise duty relating to the difference between the closing and opening
stock of finished goods is recognized in the material cost and
inventory adjustments and the un-recovered excise duty is recognized
under manufacturing and other expenses.
II. CENVAT credit utilised during the year is accounted in excise duty
and unutilised CENVAT balance at the year end is considered as advance
excise duty.
j) Service Tax Credit
Service tax credit utilised during the year towards excise liability is
accounted in excise duty and unutilised service tax credit at the
year-end is considered as advance excise duty.
k) Sales
Revenue from sale of products is recognized on transfer of all
significant risk and rewards of ownership of the products on to the
customers, which is generally on dispatch of goods .Local sales include
excise duty and sales tax.
l) Foreign Exchange Transactions
Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded at the
exchange rate on the date of transaction. The exchange gain/ loss on
settlement / negotiation during the year is recognised in the Profit
and Loss Account.
Foreign currency transactions remaining unsettled at the end of the
year are converted at year-end rates. Gain or loss arising on account
of transactions covered by forward contract is recognised over the
period of contracts.
Current assets and current liabilities at the end of the year are
converted at the year end rate and the resultant gain or loss is
accounted for in the Profit and Loss Account.
The overseas trading and non trading offices are integral foreign
operation and are accounted accordingly.
m) Derivative instruments and hedge accounting
The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts and currency
options to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency
fluctuations relating to certain firm commitments and forecasted
transactions. The Company designates these hedging instruments as cash
flow hedges applying the recognition and measurement principles set out
in the Accounting Standard 30 Financial Instruments: Recognition and
Measurement (AS–30).The use of hedging instruments is governed by the
Company s policies approved by the Board of Directors, which provide
written principles on the use of such financial derivatives consistent
with the Companys risk management strategy.
Hedging instruments are initially measured at fair value, and are
remeasured at subsequent reporting dates. Changes in the fair value of
these derivatives that are designated and effective as hedges of future
cash flows are recognised directly in shareholders funds and the
ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the profit and loss
account.
Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that do
not qualify for hedge accounting are recognised in the profit and loss
account as they arise.
Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or
is sold, terminated or exercised or no longer qualifies for hedge
accounting. At that time for forecasted transactions, any cumulative
gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in shareholders
funds is retained there until the forecasted transaction occurs. If a
hedged transaction is no longer expected to occur, the net cumulative
gain or loss recognised in shareholders funds is transferred to the
profit and loss account for the period
n) Research and Development
Revenue expenditure on research and development is charged to Profit
and Loss Account in the year in which it is incurred. Capital
expenditure on research and development is considered as an addition to
fixed assets.
o) Revenue Recognition
i. In respect of incentives attributable to the export of goods, the
Company following the accounting principle of matching revenue with the
cost has recognised export incentive receivable when all conditions
precedent to the eligibility of benefits have been satisfied and when
it is reasonably certain of deriving the benefit. Since these schemes
are meant for neutralisation of duties and taxes on inputs pursuant to
exports, the same are grouped under material costs.
ii. The other export incentives that do not arise out of
neutralisation of duties and taxes are disclosed under income from
operations.
iii. Revenue in respect of insurance/other claims, commission, etc. are
recognised only when it is reasonably certain that the ultimate
collection will be made.
iv. Interest income is recognised on time proportion method basis
taking into account the amounts outstanding and the rate applicable.
v. Dividend income is accounted when the right to receive the same is
established.
p) Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalized. Other borrowing
costs are recognized as expenses in the period in which they are
incurred. In determining the amount of borrowing costs eligible for
capitalization during a period, any income earned on the temporary
investment of those borrowings is deducted from the borrowing costs
incurred.
q) Employee Stock Option Scheme
Employee stock options are evaluated and accounted on intrinsic value
method as per the accounting treatment prescribed under Guidance Note
on Accounting for Employee Share-based payments issued by the ICAI
read with SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme & Employee Stock Purchase
Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 issued by Securities and Exchange Board of
India. Accordingly the excess of market value of the stock options as
on the date of grant over the exercise price of the options is
recognized as deferred employee compensation and is charged to profit
and loss account on graded vesting basis over the vesting period of the
options. The un-amortized portion of the deferred employee compensation
is reduced from Employee Stock Option Outstanding which is shown under
Reserves and Surplus.
r) Taxation
Tax expenses comprise Current Tax and Deferred Tax.:
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