1) General:
1.1 The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on the
historical cost convention, except where otherwise stated, and in
accordance with the accounting standards referred to in Section 211(3C)
of the Companies Act, 1956, and notified by the Companies (Accounting
Standards) Rules, 2006, read with guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank
of India (RBI) and conform to the statutory provisions and practices
prevailing within the banking industry in India.
1.2 The preparation of the financial statements, in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,
liabilities, revenues, expenses and disclosure of contingent
liabilities in the financial statements. Management believes that the
estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are
prudent and reasonable. Any revisions to the accounting estimates are
recognised prospectively in current and future periods.
2) Transactions involving Foreign Exchange:
2.1 Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are
translated at the balance sheet date at the exchange rates notified by
the Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (FEDAI) and the
resulting gains or losses are recognised in the profit and loss
account.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
2.2 All Foreign Exchange contracts outstanding at the balance sheet
date are re-valued at the rates of exchange notified by the FEDAI for
specified maturities and the resulting gains or losses are recognised
in the profit and loss account.
2.3 The Swap Cost arising on account of foreign currency swap contracts
to convert foreign currency funded liabilities into rupee liability is
charged to Profit and loss account as Interest –Others by amortizing
over the underlying swap period.
2.4 Income and Expenditure items are translated at the rates of
exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction.
2.5 Contingent liability at the balance sheet date on account of
outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts, guarantees,
acceptances, endorsements and other obligations denominated in foreign
currency is stated at the closing rates of exchange notified by FEDAI.
3) Investments:
The significant accounting policies in accordance with the RBI
guidelines and subsequent circulars issued by the RBI are as follows:
3.1 Categorisation of investments:
In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, the Bank classifies
its investment portfolio into the following three categories:
i) Held to Maturity (HTM) – Securities acquired by the Bank with the
intention to hold till maturity.
ii) Held for Trading (HFT) – Securities acquired by the Bank with the
intention to trade.
iii) Available for Sale (AFS) – Securities which do not fall within
the above two categories are classified as available for sale.
3.2 Classification of Investments:
For the purpose of disclosure in the Balance Sheet, investments have
been classified under six groups as required under RBI guidelines -
Government Securities, Other Approved Securities, Shares, Debentures
and Bonds, Investments in Subsidiaries/ Joint Ventures and Other
Investments.
3.3 Valuation of Investments:
(i) Held to Maturity – These investments are carried at their
acquisition cost. Any premium on acquisition is amortised over the
balance period to maturity. The amortised amount is deducted from
Interest earned – Income on investments (Item II of Schedule 13). The
book value of security is reduced to the extent of amount amortised
during the relevant accounting period. Diminution other than temporary,
if any, in the value of such investments is determined and provided for
on each investment individually.
(ii) Held for Trading – Each scrip in this category is re-valued at
the market price or fair value and the resultant depreciation of each
scrip in this category is recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
Appreciation, if any, is ignored. Market value of government securities
is determined on the basis of the prices/ YTM published by RBI or the
prices/ YTM periodically declared by Primary Dealers Association of
India (PDAI) jointly with Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives
Association (FIMMDA) for valuation at year-end. In case of unquoted
government securities, market price or fair value is determined as per
the prices/ YTM published by FIMMDA.
(iii) Available for Sale – Each scrip in this category is re-valued
at the market price or fair value and the resultant depreciation of
each scrip in this category is recognised in the Profit and Loss
account. Appreciation, if any, is ignored.
Market value of government securities (excluding treasury bills) is
determined on the basis of the price list published by RBI or the
prices periodically declared by PDAI jointly with FIMMDA for valuation
at year- end. In case of unquoted government securities market price or
fair value is determined as per the rates published by FIMMDA.
Market value of other debt securities is determined based on the yield
curve and spreads provided by FIMMDA.
Equity shares are valued at cost or the closing quotes on a recognised
stock exchange, whichever is lower.
Treasury bills are valued at carrying cost, which includes discount
amortised over the period to maturity.
Units of mutual funds are valued at the lower of cost and net asset
value provided by the respective mutual funds.
(iv) Investments in Equity Shares held as Long-term investments by
erstwhile IndusInd Enterprises & Finance Ltd. and Ashok Leyland Finance
Ltd. (since merged) are valued at cost. Provision towards diminution in
the value of such Long-term investments is made only if the diminution
in value is not temporary in the opinion of management.
(v) Settlement Date accounting method is followed for recording
purchase and sale of transactions in Government securities.
(vi) Broken period interest on debt instruments is treated as a revenue
item. Brokerage, commission, etc. pertaining to investments paid at
the time of acquisition is charged to revenue.
(vii) In line with the RBI guidelines on uniform accounting
methodology, with effect from 1st April 2010, Repurchase (Repo) /
Reverse Repurchase (Reverse Repo) transactions are accounted for as
Borrowing/ Lending respectively. On completion of the second leg of the
Repo / Reverse Repo transaction, the difference between the
consideration amounts is reckoned as Interest Expenditure / Income.
Amounts outstanding in Repo / Reverse Repo account as at the Balance
Sheet date is shown as a part of Borrowings/ Money at Call and at Short
Notice respectively, and only the accrued expenditure / income till the
Balance Sheet date is taken to Profit and Loss account. Outstanding
Repo transactions are marked to market as per the investment
classification of the security.
(viii) Profit in respect of investments sold from “HTM” category is
included in Profit on Sale of Investments and an equivalent amount (net
of taxes if any, and transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to
such profits) is transferred out of P & L Appropriation account after
tax to Capital Reserve account.
(ix) Security Receipts (SR) are valued at the lower of redemption value
of the security or the Net Asset Value (NAV) obtained from
Securitization Company / Reconstruction Company.
(x) In the event, provisions created on account of depreciation in the
AFS or HFT categories are found to be in excess of the required
amount in any year, the excess is credited to Profit and Loss account
and an equivalent amount (net of taxes, if any and net of transfer to
Statutory Reserves as applicable to such excess provision) is
appropriated to an Investment Reserve account (IRA) in Schedule 2 –
“Reserves &
Surplus” under the head Revenue & Other reserves. The balance in IRA
account is included under Tier II within the overall ceiling of 1.25%
of total Risk Weighted Assets prescribed for General Provisions / Loss
reserves.
The balance in IRA account is used to meet provision on account of
depreciation in AFS and HFT categories by transferring an equivalent
amount to Profit and Loss account as and when required.
4) Derivatives
Derivative contracts are designated as hedging or trading and accounted
for as follows:
(i) The hedging contracts comprise forward rate agreements, interest
rate swaps and currency swaps undertaken to hedge interest rate risk on
certain assets and liabilities. The net interest receivable / payable
is accounted on an accrual basis over the life of the swaps. However,
where the hedge is designated with an asset or liability that is
carried at market value or lower of cost and market value in the
financial statements, then the hedging is also marked to market with
the resulting gain or loss recorded as an adjustment to the market
value of designated assets or liabilities.
(ii) The trading contracts comprise proprietary trading in interest
rate swaps and currency futures. The gain / loss arising on unwinding
or termination of the contracts, is accounted for in the Profit and
Loss account. Trading contracts outstanding as at the balance sheet
date are re-valued at their fair value and resulting gains / losses are
recognised in the Profit and Loss account.
(iii) Premium paid and received on currency options is accounted
up-front in the Profit and Loss account as all options are undertaken
on a back-to-back basis.
(iv) Provisioning of overdue customer receivable on derivative
contracts, if any, is made as per RBI guidelines.
(v) In accordance with the Prudential Norms for Off-balance Sheet
Exposures issued by RBI, provisioning against outstanding credit
exposure as at the balance sheet date is made, as is applicable to the
assets of the concerned counterparties under standard category.
Credit exposures are computed as per the current marked to market value
of the contract arising on account of interest rate and foreign
exchange derivative transactions.
5) Advances:
5.1 Advances are classified as per the RBI guidelines into standard,
sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets after considering subsequent
recoveries to date.
5.2 Provision for non-performing assets is made in conformity with the
RBI guidelines.
5.3 In accordance with RBI guidelines, general provision on standard
assets has been made as under:
a) At 1% of standard advances to Commercial Real Estate Sector
b) At 0.25% of standard direct advances to SME and Agriculture
c) And at 0.40% of the balance outstanding standard advance.
5.4 Advances disclosed under Schedule 9 of the Balance Sheet are net of
provisions and interest suspended for non- performing advances.
Provision made against standard assets is included in Other
Liabilities and Provisions.
5.5 Advances include the Banks participation in / contributions to
Pass Through Certificates (PTCs) and /or to the asset-backed assignment
of loan assets of other banks / financial institutions where the Bank
has participated on risk-sharing basis.
5.6 Advances exclude derecognised securitised advances, inter-bank
participation and bills rediscounted.
5.7 Amounts recovered against bad debts written off in earlier years
are recognised to the Profit and Loss account.
5.8 Provisions no longer considered necessary in context of the current
status of the borrower as a performing asset, are written back to the
Profit and Loss account to the extent such provisions were charged to
the Profit and Loss account.
5.9 Restructured / rescheduled accounts:
In case of restructured / rescheduled accounts provision is made for
the sacrifice against erosion/ diminution in fair value of restructured
loans, in accordance with RBI guidelines.
The erosion in fair value of the advances is computed as the difference
between fair value of the loan before and after restructuring.
Fair value of the loan before restructuring is computed as the present
value of cash flows representing the interest at the existing rate
charged on the advance before restructuring and the principal,
discounted at a rate equal to the Banks BPLR / Base Rate as on the
date of restructuring plus the appropriate term premium and credit risk
premium for the borrower category on the date of restructuring.
Fair value of the loan after restructuring is computed as the present
value of cash flows representing the interest at the rate charged on
the advance on restructuring and the principal, discounted at a rate
equal to Banks BPLR / Base Rate as on the date of restructuring plus
the appropriate term premium and credit risk premium for the borrower
category on the date of restructuring.
In cases restructured under CDR, the amount of sacrifice is generally
as per the CDR package. The restructured accounts have been classified
in accordance with RBI guidelines, including special dispensation
wherever allowed.
6) Securitisation Transactions:
6.1 The Bank transfers loans through securitisation transactions. The
Bank securitises its loan receivables both through Bilateral Direct
Assignment route as well as transfer to Special Purpose Vehicles
(SPV) in securitisation transactions.
6.2 The securitisation transactions are without recourse to the Bank.
The transferred loans and such securitised-out receivables are
de-recognised in the balance sheet as and when these are sold (true
sale criteria being fully met) and the consideration has been received
by the Bank. Gains / losses are recognised only if the Bank surrenders
the rights to the benefits specified in the loan contracts.
6.3 In respect of certain transactions, the Bank provides credit
enhancements in the form of cash collaterals / guarantee and/or by
subordination of cashflows to senior Pass Through Certificates (PTC).
Retained interest and subordinated PTCs are disclosed under “Advances”
in the balance sheet.
6.4 Recognition of gain or loss arising out of Securitisation of
Standard Assets :
In terms of RBI guidelines, profit/premium arising on account of sale
of standard assets, being the difference between the sale consideration
and book value, is amortised over the life of the securities issued by
the Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV).
Any loss arising on account of the sale is recognized in the Profit and
Loss Account in the period in which the sale occurs.
7) Fixed Assets:
7.1 Fixed assets (including assets given on operating lease) have been
stated at cost (except in the case of premises which were re-valued
based on values determined by approved valuers) less accumulated
depreciation and impairment, if any. Cost includes incidental
expenditure incurred on the assets before they are ready for intended
use. The carrying amount of fixed assets is reviewed at each balance
sheet date if there are any indications of impairment based on internal
/ external factors.
7.2 The appreciation on revaluation is credited to Revaluation Reserve.
Depreciation relating to revaluation is adjusted against the
Revaluation Reserve.
7.3 Depreciation has been provided pro rata for the period of use, on
Straight Line Method at such rates that are reflective of managements
estimate of the useful life of the related fixed assets. These rates
are as prescribed under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, except
in respect of the following where the rates adopted are higher than the
prescribed rates:
(a) Computers at 33.33% p.a.
(b) Furniture and Fixtures at 10% p.a.
(c) Electrical Installations at 10% p.a.
(d) Other Office Equipment at 10% p.a.
(e) Vehicles at 20% p.a.
Taking into account various criteria such as changes in technology,
changes in business environment, utility and efficacy of an asset class
to meet with intended user needs, etc., the useful life of an asset
class is periodically assessed. Whenever there is a revision in the
estimated useful life of an asset, the unamortised depreciable amount
will be charged over the revised remaining useful life of the said
asset.
8) Revenue Recognition:
8.1 Income by way of interest and discount on performing assets is
recognised on accrual basis and on non- performing assets the same is
recognised on realisation.
8.2 Interest on Government securities, debentures and other fixed
income securities is recognised on accrual basis. Income on discounted
instruments is recognised over the tenor of the instrument on a
straight-line basis.
8.3 Dividend income is accounted on accrual basis when the right to
receive payment is established.
8.4 Commission (except for commission on Deferred Payment Guarantees
which is recognised on accrual basis), exchange and brokerage are
recognised on realisation.
8.5 Lease income and service charges earned on the Consumer Finance
Advances are recognised on accrual basis.
8.6 Income from distribution of third party products is recognised on
the basis of business booked.
9) Operating Leases:
Lease rental obligations in respect of assets taken on operating lease
are charged to profit and loss account on straight-line basis over the
lease term. Initial direct costs are charged to profit and loss
account.
Assets given under leases in respect of which all the risks and
benefits of ownership are effectively retained by the Bank are
classified as operating leases. Lease rentals received under operating
leases are recognized in the profit and loss account on accrual basis
as per contracts.
10) Retirement and Other Employee Benefits :
10.1 Payment obligations under the Group Gratuity scheme are managed
through purchase of appropriate insurance policies. The Gratuity scheme
of the Bank is a defined benefit scheme and the expense for the year is
recognized on the basis of actuarial valuation as at the balance sheet
date.
10.2 Provident fund contributions are made under trusts separately
established for the purpose and the scheme administered by Regional
Provident Fund Commissioner (RPFC), as applicable.
10.3 Provision for compensated absences has been made in the accounts
on the basis of actuarial valuation as at the balance sheet date. The
actuarial valuation is carried out as per the projected unit credit
method.
10.4 The Bank has applied the intrinsic value method to account for the
compensation cost of ESOP granted to the employees of the Bank.
Intrinsic value is the amount by which the quoted market price of the
underlying shares on the grant date exceeds the exercise price of the
options. Accordingly, the compensation cost is amortized over the
vesting period.
11) Segment Reporting:
In accordance with the guidelines issued by RBI, Bank has adopted
Segment Reporting as under:
1. Treasury includes all investment portfolio, profit / loss on sale
of investments, profit/loss on foreign exchange transactions, equities,
income from derivatives and money market operations. The expenses of
this segment consist of interest expenses on funds borrowed from
external sources as well as internal sources and depreciation/
amortisation of premium on Held to Maturity category investments.
2. Corporate/ Wholesale Banking includes lending and deposits from
corporate customers and identified earnings and expenses of the
segment.
3. Retail Banking includes lending and deposits from retail customers
and identified earnings and expenses of the segment.
4. Other Banking Operations includes all other operations not covered
under Treasury, Wholesale Banking and Retail Banking.
12) Income-tax:
Tax expenses comprise current and deferred taxes. Current income tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflect
the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income
and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences
of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and
the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet
date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there
is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.
Unrecognized
deferred tax assets of earlier years are re-assessed and recognised to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain that future taxable
income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be
realized.
13) Earnings per Share:
Earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss
for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted
earnings per equity share have been computed using the weighted average
number of equity shares and dilutive potential equity shares
outstanding as at end of the year.
14) Provisions:
A provision is recognised when there is an obligation as a result of
past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle the obligation, and in respect of which a reliable
estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to their present
value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the
obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each
balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.
15) Others:
Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise cash in
hand and balances with RBI (Schedule 6) and balances with banks and
money at call and short notice (Schedule 7).
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