i) Basis of preparation of financial statements
The financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with
Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) under the
historical cost convention on the accrual basis. GAAP comprises
accounting standards notified by the Central Government of India under
Section 211 (3C) of the Companies Act, 1956, other pronouncements of
the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the provisions of the
Companies Act, 1956 and guidelines issued by Securities and Exchange
Board of India.
ii) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent
assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period reported.
Actual results could differ from these estimates. Any revision to
accounting estimates is recognized prospectively in the current and
future periods.
iii) Revenue recognition
Revenue from sale of goods is recognized upon transfer of all
significant risks and rewards of ownership to the buyer which generally
corresponds with the dispatch/delivery of goods to buyers based on the
terms of the contract. The amount recognized as sale is exclusive of
sales tax and trade discounts.
Service income is recognized as the services are rendered on an accrual
basis in accordance with the terms of the relevant contract.
Dividend income is recognized when the unconditional right to receive
the payment is established.
Interest income on deposits and interest bearing securities is
recognized on a time proportionate basis.
iv) Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated
depreciation. The cost of fixed assets includes freight, duties and
taxes and other incidental expenses related to the acquisition, but
exclude duties and taxes that are recoverable subsequently from tax
authorities. Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition of
those fixed assets which necessarily take a substantial period of time
to get ready for their intended use are capitalized.
Advance paid towards the acquisition of fixed assets outstanding at
each balance sheet date and the cost of fixed assets acquired but not
ready for their intended use before such date are disclosed as capital
work-in-progress.
v) Depreciation
Depreciation is provided on the straight line method at the rates of
depreciation prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. If
the managements estimate of the useful life of a fixed asset at the
time of acquisition of the asset or of the remaining useful life on a
subsequent review is shorter than that envisaged in the aforesaid
Schedule, depreciation is provided at a higher rate based on the
managements estimate of the useful life/remaining useful life.
Pursuant to this policy, based on the estimated useful life of the
assets, depreciation is provided at the following rates which
corresponds to the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies
Act, 1956.
Intangible assets and amortization
Intangible assets are recorded at the consideration paid for
acquisition. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated
economic useful lives on a straight line basis commencing from the date
the asset is available for its use. The management estimates the useful
lives for the intangible asset (software) at 5 years.
vi) Leases
Assets taken on lease where the Company acquires substantially the
entire risks and rewards incidental to ownership are classified as
finance leases. The amount recorded is the lesser of the present value
of the minimum lease rental and other incidental expenses during the
lease term or the assets fair value.
The rental obligations, net of interest charges, are reflected in
secured loan. Leases that do not transfer substantially all of the
risks and rewards of ownership are classified as operating leases and
recorded as expenses as and when payments are made on a straight line
basis over the lease term.
vii) Impairment
The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any
indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication
exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount (higher of net
realizable value and value in use) of the asset. If such recoverable
amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the cash generating
unit to which the asset belongs is less than the carrying amount, the
carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is
treated as an impairment loss and is recognized in the profit and loss
account. If at the balance sheet date there is an indication that a
previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable
amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable
amount subject to a maximum of depreciable historical cost.
viii) Investments
Long-term investments are stated at cost less any other-than-temporary
diminution in value, determined separately for each individual
investment. Current investments are carried at the lower of cost and
fair value.
ix) Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value.
Cost of inventories comprises all cost of purchase, cost of conversion
and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present
location and condition. Cost includes all taxes and duties, but
excludes duties and taxes that are subsequently recoverable from tax
authorities.
x) Foreign currency transactions
Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rates
prevailing on the date of the transactions. Monetary assets and
liabilities denominated in foreign currencies as at the balance
sheet date are translated at the closing exchange rates on that
date. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions
during the year and on restatement of monetary assets and liabilities
are recognized in the profit and loss account of the year.
Premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contracts is amortized as expense or income over the life of the
contract. Any profit or loss arising on the cancellation or renewal of
forward contracts is recognized as income or as expense for the period.
In relation to the forward contracts entered into to hedge the foreign
currency risk of the underlying outstanding at the balance sheet date,
the exchange difference is calculated as the difference between the
foreign currency amount of the contract translated at the exchange rate
at the reporting date, or the settlement date where the transaction is
settled during the reporting period, and the corresponding foreign
currency amount translated at the later of the date of inception of the
forward exchange contract and the last reporting date. Such exchange
differences are recognized in the profit and loss account in the
reporting period in which the exchange rates change.
xi) Employee benefits
Provisions for /contributions to retirement benefit scheme are made as
follows:
Defined contribution plan
Provident fund: Eligible employees receive benefits from the provident
fund, which is a defined contribution plan. Both the employee and the
Company make monthly contributions to the provident fund plan equal to
a specified percentage of the covered employees basic salary. The
Company has no further obligations under the plan beyond its monthly
contributions. The Companys contribution to the Employees Provident
Fund scheme maintained by the Central Government is charged to the
profit and loss account.
Super annuation fund: Eligible employees receive benefits from the
super annuation fund, which is a defined contribution plan. The Company
makes annual contributions to the super annuation fund plan equal to a
specified percentage of the covered employees basic salary. The
Company has no further obligations under the plan beyond its yearly
contributions. The Companys contribution to the super annuation fund
scheme maintained by the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) is
charged to the profit and loss account.
Defined benefit plan
Compensated absences: Provision for long term compensated absences is
made on the basis of an actuarial valuation as at the balance sheet
date carried out by an independent actuary as at March 31 each year.
Provision for short term compensated absences is made on actual
basis.
Gratuity: The Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit
retirement Plan (the Gratuity Plan) covering eligible employees. The
Plan provides payment to vested employees at retirement, death or
termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective
employees salary and the tenure of employment with the Company. The
Company provides the gratuity benefit through annual contribution to a
fund managed by the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). Under
this scheme the settlement obligation remains with the Company although
the LIC administers the scheme and determines the contribution premium
required to be paid by the Company. Liabilities related to the Gratuity
Plan are determined by actuarial valuation done by an independent
actuary using projected unit credit method as at March 31 each year.
Actuarial gains and losses in respect of post employment and other
long-term benefits are charged to the Profit and Loss Account.
xii) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net profit or loss for
the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average
number of shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per
share amounts are computed after adjusting the effects of all dilutive
potential equity shares. The number of shares used in computing diluted
earnings per share comprises the weighted average number of shares
considered for deriving basic earnings per share, and also the weighted
average number of equity shares, which could have been issued on the
conversion of all dilutive potential shares. The diluted potential
equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable, had the shares
been actually issued at fair value (i.e. the average market value of
the outstanding shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed
converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later
date
xiii) Taxation
Income-tax expense comprise current tax (i.e. amount of tax for the
period determined in accordance with the income-tax law) and deferred
tax charge or credit (reflecting that tax effects of timing differences
between accounting income and taxable income for the period). The
deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred tax
liabilities or assets are recognized using the tax rates and tax laws
that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet
date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent there is a
reasonable certainty that the assets can be realized in future;
however, where there is unabsorbed depreciation or carried forward
loss under taxation laws, deferred tax assets are recognized only if
there is a virtual certainty of realization of such assets. Deferred
tax assets are reviewed as at the balance sheet date and written down
or written up to reflect the amount that is reasonably/virtually
certain (as the case may be) to be realized.
Current tax and deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset to the
extent to which the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off
and they relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing
taxation laws.
xiv) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
The Company creates a provision when there is present obligation as a
result of past event that probably requires an outflow of resources and
a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. A
disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible
obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not,
require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible obi igation
or a present obi igation i n respect of wh ich the likelihood of
outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the financial
statements.
xv) Cash flows
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit
before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash
nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or
payments. The cash flows from regular revenue generating, financing and
investing activities of the Company are segregated. Cash flows in
foreign currencies are accounted at average monthly exchange rates that
approximate the actual rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the
transactions.
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