1. Basis of Preparation
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on historical
basis and conform, in all material aspects, to Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (GAAP) in India which encompasses applicable
statutory provisions, regulatory norms prescribed by Reserve Bank of
India (RBI), Accounting Standards (AS) and prevailing practices in
Banking industry.
2. Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires the management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets,
liabilities, expenses, income and disclosure of contingent liabilities
as at the date of the financial statements. Management believes that
these estimates and assumptions are reasonable and prudent. However,
actual results could differ from estimates. Any revision to accounting
estimates is recognized prospectively in current and future periods.
3. Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that the economic
benefits will flow to the Bank and the revenue can be reliably
measured:
Interest income and lease rentals are accrued except in the case of non
performing assets where it is recognised upon realisation as per the
prudential norms of the RBI.
Commissions on LC/ guarantee are reckoned as accrued, upfront in cases
where the commission does not exceed Rs 1 lakh and, in other cases,
accrued over the period of LC/ Guarantees.
iii. Fee based income are accrued on certainty of receipt and is based
on milestones achieved as per terms of agreement with the client.
iv. Income on discounted instruments is recognised over the tenure of
the instrument on a constant yield basis.
v. Dividend is accounted on an accrual basis when the right to receive
the same is established.
4. Advances and Provisions:
i. Advances are classified into Standard, Sub-standard, Doubtful and
Loss assets and provisions are made in accordance with the prudential
norms prescribed by RBI. Advances are stated net of provisions towards
non- performing advances.
ii. Advances are classified as Secured by Tangible Assets'' when
security of at least 10% of the advance has been stipulated/created
against tangible security including book debts. Security in the nature
of escrow, guarantee, comfort letter, charge on brand, license, patent,
copyright etc are not considered as Tangible Assets''.
5. Investments:
Classification:
i. Held To Maturity,
ii. Available For Sale and
iii. Held For Trading.
Investments under each category are further classified as
i. Government Securities
ii. Other Approved Securities
iii. Shares
iv. Debentures and Bonds
v. Subsidiaries/Joint Ventures
vi. Others (Commercial Paper, Mutual Fund Units, etc.).
Basis of Classification:
a) Investments that the Bank intends to hold till maturity are
classified as ''Held to Maturity''.
b) Investments that are held principally for resale within 90 days from
the date of purchase are classified as ''Held F Trading''.
c) Investments, which are not classified in the above two categories,
are classified as ''Available For Sale''.
d) An investment is classified as ''Held To Maturity'', ''Available For
Sale'' or ''Held For Trading'' at the time of purchase and subsequent
shifting amongst categories and its valuation is done in conformity
with regulat guidelines.
e) Investments in subsidiaries and joint ventures are classified as
''Held To Maturity''.
f) The debentures/ bonds/ preference shares deemed to be in the nature
of advance, are subject to the usual prude norms of asset
classification and provisioning that are applicable to advances.
Valuation:
i) In determining the acquisition cost of an investment:
a) Brokerage, commission, stamp duty and other taxes paid are included
in cost of acquisition in r< of acquisition of equity instruments from
the secondary market whereas in respect of other investments, including
treasury investments, such expenses are charged to revenue.
b) Upfront incentives received on subscription to securities are
recognized as income.
c) Broken period interest paid/ received is excluded from the
acquisition cost/ sale and treated as interest expense/ income.
d) Cost is determined on the weighted average cost method.
ii) Investments ''Held To Maturity'' are carried at acquisition cost
unless it is more than the face value, in which case the premium is
amortised on straight line basis over the remaining period of maturity.
Diminution, other than temporary, in the value of investments in
subsidiaries/ joint ventures under this category is provided for each
investment individually. Profits on sale of investments in this
category is first credited to Profit and Loss Account and thereafter
appropriated net of applicable taxes to the Capital Reserve Account at
the year/period end. Loss on sale is recognized in the Profit and Loss
Account.
iii) Investments ''Held For Trading'' and ''Available For Sale'' are marked
to market scrip-wise and the resultant net depreciation, if any, in
each category is recognized in the Profit and Loss account, while the
net appreciation, if any, is ignored.
a) Treasury Bills, commercial papers and certificates of deposit being
discounted instruments are valued at carrying cost,
b) In respect of traded/ quoted investments, the market price is taken
from the trades/ quotes available on the stock exchanges. Government
Securities are valued at market prices or prices declared by Primary
Dealers Association of India (PDAI) jointly with Fixed Income Money
Market and Derivative Association of India (FIMMDA)
c) The unquoted shares/ units are valued at break-up value/ repurchase
price or at Net Asset Value if the latest balance sheet is available,
else, at Rs 1/- per company, as per relevant RBI guidelines. The
unquoted fixed income securities (other than government securities) are
valued on Yield to Maturity (YTM) basis with appropriate mark-up over
the YTM rates for Central Government securities of equivalent maturity.
Such mark-up and YTM rates applied are as per the relevant rates
published by FIMMDA.
d) Profit or Loss on sale of investments is credited/ debited to Profit
and Loss Account (Sale of Investments).
iv) Investments are shown net of provisions.
v) Investments are shown net of securities given against borrowing and
include securities received against lending under Repo/ Reverse Repo
arrangements respectively.
6. Derivative Transactions:
In Transactions designated as ''Hedge'':
a. Net interest payable/ receivable on derivative transactions is
accounted on accrual basis.
b. On premature termination of Hedge swaps, any profit/ losses are
recognised over the remaining contractual life of the swap or the
residual life of the asset/ liability whichever is lesser.
c. Redesignation of hedge swaps by change of underlying liability is
accounted as the termination of one hedge and acquisition of another.
d. Hedge contracts are not marked to market unless the underlying is
also marked to market. In respect of hedge contracts that are marked to
market, changes in the market value are recognized in the profit and
loss account.
ii. '' In Transactions designated as ''Trading'':
Outstanding derivative transactions designated as ''Trading'', which
includes interest rate swaps, cross currency swaps, cross currency
options and forward rate agreements, are measured at their fair value.
The resulting profits/ losses are included in the profit and loss
account. Premium on options, is recorded as a balance sheet item and
transferred to Profit and Loss Account on maturity/ cancellation.
7. Fixed Assets and depreciation:
i. Fixed assets are carried at historical cost (inclusive of
installation cost) except wherever revalued. The appreciation on
revaluation, if any, is credited to the Revaluation Reserve'' Account.
In respect of revalued assets, the additional depreciation consequent
to revaluation is transferred from Revaluation Reserve to the Profit
and Loss account.
ii. Fixed assets individually costing less than Rs 5000 are fully
depreciated in the year of addition.
iii. Depreciation is provided on Straight Line Method (SLM) from the
date of addition. The rates of depreciation prescribed in Schedule XIV
of the Companies Act, 1956 are considered as the minimum rates. If the
management''s estimate of the useful life of a fixed asset at the time
of acquisition of the asset or of the remaining useful life on a
subsequent review is shorter, depreciation is provided at a higher rate
based on management''s estimates of the useful life/ remaining useful
life. Pursuant to this policy, depreciation has been provided using the
following rates:
iv. Depreciation on additions/ sale of fixed assets during the year is
provided for the actual period.
v. Leasehold land is amortised over the period of lease.
vi. Computer Software (non-integral) individually costing more than Rs
2.50 lakh is capitalised and depreciated over its useful life, not
exceeding 5 years.
8. Assets given on lease
i. Assets given on finance lease by the Bank on or before March 31,
2001 are classified as Leased Assets under Fixed Assets.
Depreciation thereon is provided on SLM basis at the rates prescribed
under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956. The amount of Lease
Equalisation representing the difference between the annual lease
charge and the depreciation is adjusted in the Profit & Loss Account.
ii. Assets given under finance lease after March 31, 2001 are accounted
in accordance with the provisions of AS 19 and included under
Advances.
9. Securitisation Transactions:
Securitisation of various loans result in sale of these assets to
Special Purpose Vehicles (''SPVs''), which, in turn issue securities to
investors. Financial assets are partially or wholly derecognised when
the control of the contractual rights in the securitised assets is
lost. The Bank accounts for any loss arising on sale immediately at the
time of sale and the profit/ premium arising on account of sale is
amortised over the life of the securities issued or to be issued by the
SPV to which the assets are sold.
10. Sale of financial assets to Securitization Companies/
Reconstruction Companies:
Sale of financial assets to Securitisation Companies (SCs)/
Reconstruction Companies (RCs) is reckoned at the lower of the
redemption value of Security Receipts (SRs)/ Pass Through Certificates
(PTCs) received and the net book value of the financial asset. Gains
arising on such sale or realisation are not recognised in the profit
and loss account but earmarked as provisions for meeting the losses/
shortfall arising on sale of other financial assets to SCs/ RCs or
sale/ realisation of other SRs/ PTCs. Losses arising on such sale or
realisation are first set off against balance of provisions, if any,
created out of earlier gains and residual amount of losses are charged
to profit and loss account. The PTCs are carried at the value as
determined above, till their sale or realisation. The SRs are carried,
in the aggregate, at book value or at latest NAV, whichever is lower.
11. Foreign Currency Transactions:
i. Foreign currency transactions, on initial recognition are recorded
at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary
foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated at the closing
rates prescribed by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India
(FEDAI) and the resultant gain or loss is recognised in the profit and
loss account. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of
monetary items are recognised as income or expense in the period in
which they arise.
ii. Premium or discount arising at the inception of Forward Exchange
Contracts which are not intended for trading or speculation is
amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Premium
or discount on other Forward Exchange Contracts is not recognised.
iii. Outstanding Forward Exchange Contracts which are not intended for
trading or speculation are revalued at closing FEDAI rates. Other
outstanding Forward Exchange Contracts are revalued at rates of
exchange notified by FEDAI for specified maturities or at interpolated
rates for in-between maturities. The resultant profit/ losses are
included in the profit and loss account.
iv. Prof it/losses arising on premature termination of Forward Exchange
Contracts, together with unamortized premium or discount, if any, is
recognised on the date of termination.
V. Contingent liability in respect of outstanding forward exchange
contracts is calculated at the contracted rates of exchange and in
respect of guarantees, acceptances, endorsements and other obligations
are calculated at the closing FEDAI rates.
vi. Operations of foreign branch are classified as integral Foreign
Operations'' and are translated using the same principles and procedures
as those of the bank.
12. '' Employee Benefits
i. a) Payments to defined contribution schemes are charged as expense
as they fall due.
b) For defined benefit schemes, the cost of providing benefits is
determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial
valuations being carried out at each Balance Sheet date. Actuarial
gains or losses are recognized in full in the profit and loss account
for the period in which they occur. Past Service cost is recognized
immediately to the extent that the benefits are already vested and
otherwise is amortised on a straight-line basis over the average period
until the benefits become vested.
ii. Short-term employee Benefit:
The undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be
paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees is recognized
during the period when the employee renders the service.
iii. Transitional Liability
The Bank has adopted Accounting Standard-15 (Revised 2005), ''Employee
Benefits'' with effect from April 1, 2007. The transitional liability
arising on such adoption is amortised over a period of five years
commencing from the financial year 2007-08 in accordance with the
provisions of AS-15.
iv. The intrinsic value of options under Employee Stock Option Plan
(ESOP) is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of
the ESOP.
13. Income Tax
i. Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax.
ii. Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit is recognized as an asset only
when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Bank will
pay normal income tax during the specified period.
iii. Deferred tax for timing differences between the book and tax
profits for the year is accounted for, using the tax rates and laws
that have been substantively enacted as of the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax assets arising from timing differences are recognized to
the extent there is reasonable certainty that these would be realized
in future.
iv. Deferred tax assets in case of unabsorbed losses are recognized
only if there is virtual certainty that such deferred tax asset can be
realized against future taxable profits.
v. Disputed taxes not provided for including departmental appeals are
included under Contingent Liabilities.
14. Earnings Per Share:
i. The Bank reports basic and diluted Earnings Per Share in accordance
with AS 20. Basic Earnings Per Share is computed by dividing the net
profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares
outstanding for the year.
ii. Diluted Earnings Per Share reflect the potential dilution that
could occur if securities or other contracts to issue equity shares
were exercised or converted during the period. Diluted Earnings Per
Share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the sum of
the weighted average number of equity shares and dilutive potential
equity shares outstanding at the year end.
15. Impairment of Assets
Fixed Assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in
circumstances warrant that the carrying amount of an asset may not be
recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured
by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated
current realizable value. If such assets are considered to be impaired,
the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the
carrying amount of the asset exceeds estimated current realizable value
of the asset.
16. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
i. In conformity with AS 29, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and
Contingent Assets, the Bank recognizes provisions only when it has a
present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an
outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to
settle the obligation, and when a reliable estimate of the amount of
the obligation can be made.
ii. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are
determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at
the balance sheet date.
iii. Reimbursement expected in respect of expenditure required to
settle a provision is recognised only when it is virtually certain that
the reimbursement will be received.
iv. Contingent Assets are not recognized.
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