(i) Accounting convention
The financial statements have been prepared and presented under the
historical cost convention on the accrual basis of accounting and
comply with the Accounting Standards (AS) as specified in the Companies
(Accounting Standards) Rules 2006 and the relevant provisions of the
Companies Act, 1956, to the extent applicable.
(ii) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the
date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues
and expenses during the year. Actual results could differ from those
estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised
prospectively in current and future periods.
(iii) Fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at the cost of acquisition or construction less
accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Cost
comprises the purchase price and any directly attributable costs of
bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.
Items of fixed assets retired from active use and held for disposal are
valued at the lower of their net book value and net realisable value.
(iv) Impairment
The carrying values of assets are reviewed at each reporting date to
determine if there is indication of any impairment. If any indication
exists, the assets recoverable amount is estimated. For assets that
are not yet available for use, the recoverable amount is estimated at
each reporting date. An impairment loss is recognised whenever the
carrying amount of an asset or its cash generating unit exceeds its
recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the profit and
loss account. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change
in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An
impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the assets
carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have
been determined net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment
loss had been recognised.
(v) Depreciation
a) Depreciation on fixed assets except for leasehold land is provided
on a pro-rata basis using straight line method.
b) The rates of depreciation prescribed in Schedule XIV to the
Companies Act, 1956 are considered as the minimum rates. If the
managements estimate of the useful life of a fixed asset at the time
of acquisition of the asset or of the remaining useful life on a
subsequent review is shorter than that envisaged in the aforesaid
schedule, depreciation is provided at a higher rate based on the
managements estimate of the useful life / remaining useful life.
Pursuant to this policy, depreciation on certain assets has been
provided at the following rates which are higher than the corresponding
rates prescribed in Schedule XIV:
Dies 20.00% per annum
Jigs and fixtures 20.00% per annum
Computers 33.33% per annum
Office Equipment,
Air Conditioners, 20.00% per annum
Fans and Heaters
Furniture and Fixtures 12.50% per annum
Cars and Jeeps 20.00% per annum
c) Leasehold land is amortised over the period of the lease.
d) Assets costing individually Rs.5,000 or less are depreciated fully
in the year of purchase.
(vi) Intangible assets and amortization thereof
Intangible assets comprise model fee, technical know how and computer
software and are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and
accumulated impairment loss, if any.
Model fee is amortised over a period of five years, which in
managements view represents the economic useful life of the model fee.
Unamortised model fee in respect of models discontinued during the year
is fully charged to the profit and loss account.
Technical know how is amortised over a period of six years.
Software is amortized over a period of three years.
Amortization expense is charged on a pro-rata basis for assets
purchased during the year. The appropriateness of the amortization
period and the amortization method is reviewed at each financial
year-end.
(vii) Inventories
Stores, raw materials and components, process stock and finished goods
are valued at weighted average cost and net realisable value, whichever
is lower.
In determining cost of process stock and finished goods, fixed
production overheads are allocated on the basis of normal capacity of
production facilities. The proportionate amount of additional duty of
customs paid on finished goods imported for trading and lying unsold as
at the year end has been included in the value of the finished goods
stock.
Stores, raw materials and components held for use in production of
finished goods are not written down below cost except in cases where
material prices have declined, and it is estimated that the cost of the
finished goods will exceed their net realisable value.
(viii) Revenue recognition
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised on transfer of all significant
risks and rewards of ownership to the customer, which generally
coincides with despatch against orders from customers in accordance
with the contract terms.
Revenue from services is recognised on rendering of services to
customers in accordance with the terms of contracts with the customers.
Interest income is recognised using the time proportion method, based
on underlying interest rates.
(ix) Export benefits
Export benefit representing customs duty rebate entitlement against
exports made on advance licences under duty exemption scheme and duty
credit entitlement for exports made to focus markets under the focus
market scheme of Government of India is accounted for on an accrual
basis.
(x) Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate
prevailing at the date of the transaction. Exchange differences arising
on foreign currency transactions settled during the year are recognised
in the profit and loss account for the year.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies as at
the balance sheet date are translated at the closing exchange rates on
that date; the resultant exchange differences are recognised in the
profit and loss account.
(xi) Leases
Lease arrangements, where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership
of an asset substantially vest with the lessor, are recognised as
operating lease.
Lease payments under operating lease are recognised as an expense in
the profit and loss account on straight line basis over the lease
period.
(xii) Employee benefits
1. Short - term employee benefits
All employee benefits payable / available within twelve months of
rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits.
Benefits such as salaries, wages and bonus etc., are recognised in the
profit and loss account in the period in which the employee renders the
related service.
2. Retirement benefits
a) Defined Benefit
a. Gratuity
The Company has an obligation towards gratuity, a defined benefit
retirement plan covering eligible employees. The plan provides for a
lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death while in
employment or on termination of employment of an amount based on the
respective employees salary and the tenure of employment. Vesting
occurs upon completion of five years of service. The Company makes
annual contributions to gratuity fund established as trust which has
taken up a group policy with Life Insurance Corporation of India. The
Company accounts for the liability for gratuity benefits payable in
future based on an independent actuarial valuation report using the
projected unit credit method as at the year end.
b. Provident Fund
The eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits
under the provident fund set up as an irrevocable trust. Both the
employees and the Company make monthly contributions at a specified
percentage of the covered employees salary. The aggregate
contributions along with interest thereon are paid at retirement,
death, incapacitation or termination of employment. The interest rate
payable by the trust to the beneficiaries every year is notified by the
appropriate authorities. The Company has an obligation to make good the
shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of the trust
and the notified interest rate.
The annual contributions paid by the Company to the provident fund are
charged off to the profit and loss account. In addition the Company
provides for the interest shortfall, if any.
Actuarial gains and losses arising on the defined benefits plan are
recognised immediately in the profit and loss account.
b) Defined Contribution
(i) Superannuation fund
Under the superannuation scheme, a defined contribution plan, the
Company pays fixed contributions into a separate trust and has no
obligation to pay further amounts. The trust has taken up a policy with
the Life Insurance Corporation of India. Benefits are paid by Life
Insurance Corporation of India to the vesting employees on retirement,
death, incapacitation or termination of employment. Contributions paid
by the Company to the superannuation trust are charged to the profit
and loss account.
3. Other long term employee benefits
a. Compensated absences
As per the Companys policy eligible leaves can be accumulated by the
employees and carried forward to future periods to either be utilised
during the service, or encashed. Encashment can be made during the
service, on early retirement, on withdrawal of scheme, at resignation
by employee and upon death of employee. The scale of benefits is
determined based on the seniority and the respective employees salary.
The Company accounts for the liability for compensated absences payable
in future based on an independent actuarial valuation using the
projected unit credit method as at the year end.
(xiii) Earning per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit for
the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average
number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The company has
not issued any potential equity shares and accordingly the basic
earnings per share and diluted earnings per share is the same.
(xiv) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
A provision is created when there is a present obligation as a result
of a past event that probably requires an outflow of resources and a
reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. A
disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible
obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not,
require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or
a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of
resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made. The Company
does not recognise assets which are of contingent nature until there is
virtual certainty of realisability of such assets. However, if it has
become virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will
arise, asset and related income is recognised in the financial
statements of the period in which the change occurs.
(xv) Warranty and Service Coupon Costs
Warranty and Service Coupons costs are estimated by the management
based on the past experience of claims and provided on an accrual basis
on the sales made during the year.
(xvi) Taxation
Income-tax expense comprises current tax (i.e. amount of tax for the
year determined in accordance with the income-tax law) and deferred tax
charge or credit (reflecting the tax effects of timing difference
between accounting income and taxable income for the period). The
deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred tax
liabilities and assets are recognised using the tax rates that have
been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent there is
reasonable certainty that the assets can be realised in future;
however, where there is unabsorbed depreciation or carried forward
losses under taxation laws, deferred tax assets are recognised only if
there is a virtual certainty of realisation of such assets. Deferred
tax assets are reviewed as at each balance sheet date and written down
or written-up to reflect the amount that is reasonably / virtually
certain (as the case may be) to be realized.
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