2.1 Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the notified accounting standards by Companies
(Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant
provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The accounting policies applied
by the Company are consistent with those used in the previous year.
2.2 Accounting estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles (‘GAAP) requires that
management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent
liabilities as of the date of financial statements and the reported
amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Management
believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the financial
statements are prudent and reasonable. Actual results could differ from
these estimates. Any difference between the actual result and estimates
are recognized in the period in which the results are known or
materialize.
2.3 Fixed assets and depreciation
Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for
its intended use. Financing costs relating to acquisition of fixed
assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its
intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period
till such assets are ready to be put to use.
Machine spares which are specific to a particular item of fixed asset
and their use is expected to be irregular have been capitalized.
Depreciation is provided on the straight line method at the rates and
in the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 on
all assets except for the following assets which are depreciated at the
higher rates based on managements estimate of the useful life:
a. Moulds and Tools : 3 years b. Computers : 3 to 4 years
c. Furniture & Fittings : 5 to 8 years d. Office Equipments : 3 to 5
years
e. Electrical Fittings : 7 years f. Toolkits : 3 years
g. Vehicles : 4 to 6 years
For the assets added during the financial year under review,
depreciation is charged on pro-rata basis from the date of
commissioning.
Intangible assets are amortised, based on managements estimate of its
useful economic life using straight line method, on pro- rata basis as
under:
a. Technical Know-how fees : 5 years b. Software : 3 years
Depreciation on individual assets costing upto Rs. 5000.00 is provided
at the rate of 100% in the month of purchase.
Impairment
The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date
if there is any indication of impairment based on internal or external
factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount
of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is
the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted
to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects
current market assessments of the time value of money and risk specific
to the asset.
After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
2.4 Inventories
Inventories are valued as follows:
(i) Raw materials and stores and spare parts are valued at lower of
cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held
for use in the production of inventories are not written down below
cost if the finished products in which they will be utilised are
expected to be sold at or above cost.
(ii) Work in progress is valued at lower of cost and net realizable
value. Costs include material cost, direct expenses and a proportion of
manufacturing overheads.
(iii) Manufactured finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net
realizable value. Cost includes material cost, excise duty, direct
expenses and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal
operating capacity. Traded finished goods are valued at lower of cost
and estimated net realizable value.
Cost is determined on the basis of weighted average method and includes
all costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present
location and condition. Net realizable value is the estimated selling
price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated cost necessary
to make the sale.
(iv) Goods in transit are valued at cost incurred till date.
(v) Custom duty on goods where title has passed to the Company and
material has reached Indian ports is included in the value of
inventories.
2.5 Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that the economic
benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably
measured.
(i) Sale of Goods
Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of
ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Sales are inclusive of
freight, octroi and insurance, installation charges in some cases,
export incentives, scrap sales and net of sales returns and trade
discounts. Excise duty deducted from the sales (gross) is the amount
that is included in the amount of sales (gross) and not the entire
amount of liability arised during the year.
(ii) Service Income
Revenue from service operations is recognised as and when services are
rendered in accordance with the terms of the contract. Maintenance
revenue is recognised over the period of respective contracts.
(iii) Interest
Interest Income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into
account the outstanding amount and the applicable rate.
2.6 Employee benefits
(i) Retirement benefits in the form of Provident and superannuation
Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged
to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to
the respective funds are due. There are no other obligations other than
the contribution payable to the respective fund.
(ii) Gratuity liability is defined benefit obligation and is provided
for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit
method made at the end of each financial year.
(iii) Short term compensated absences are provided for based on
estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on
actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is on projected unit
credit method made at the end of each financial year.
(iv) Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to Profit and Loss
Account and are not deferred.
2.7 Foreign currency transactions
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction.
(iii) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on account of settlement of monetary items
or exchange differences arising on monetary items at rates different
from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or
reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or
as expenses in the year in which they arise.
(iv) Forward exchange contracts not intended for trading or speculation
purpose
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the
contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised in the
statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates
change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of
forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the
year.
2.8 Provisions
A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources
will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a
reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its
present value and are determined based on best estimate required to
settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at
each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates.
2.9 Income Taxes
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income Tax Act 1961. Deferred income tax reflects
the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income
and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences
of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and
the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet
date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset.
Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is
reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. If
the Company has carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax
losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual
certainty backed by convincing evidence that such deferred tax assets
can be realised against future taxable profits. Unrecognised deferred
tax assets of earlier years are re- assessed at the balance sheet date
and recognised to the extent that it has become reasonably certain that
future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax
assets can be realised.
2.10 Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) Credit
MAT credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there
is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax
during the specified period. In the year in which the MAT credit
becomes eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the
recommendations contained in guidance Note issued by the Institute of
Chartered Accountants of India, the said asset is created by way of a
credit to the Profit and Loss Account and shown as MAT Credit
Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each Balance Sheet date
and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit Entitlement to the
extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that
Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified period.
2.11 Earnings Per Share (EPS)
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
2.12 Leases
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense
in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease
term.
2.13 Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise cash at
bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity
of three months or less.
2.14 Segment Reporting
Identification of Segment
The Companys operating businesses are organised and managed separately
according to the nature of products and services provided, with each
segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different
products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical
segments is based on the locations of Customers.
2.15 Capital work in progress
All expenditure, including advances given during the project
construction period, are accumulated and shown as capital work in
progress until the assets are ready for commercial use. Assets under
construction are not depreciated.
2.16 Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction
or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period
of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as
part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest
and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing
of funds.
2.17 Research and Development Costs
All revenue expenses pertaining to research and development costs are
charged to profit and loss account in the year in which they are
incurred and development expenditure of a capital nature is capitalized
as fixed assets.
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