(I) Basis of Preparation:
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the Accounting Standards notified by Companies
(Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant
provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have
been prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis,
except in case of certain fixed assets for which revaluation is carried
out. Except otherwise mentioned, the accounting policies have been
consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those used
in the previous year.
(II) Revenue Recognition:
(a) Revenue from sale of goods and services rendered is recognised upon
passage of title and rendering of services to the customers.
(b) Insurance and other claims, to the extent considered recoverable,
are accounted for in the year of claim. However, claims and refunds
whose recovery cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty, are
accounted for on acceptance basis.
(c) Interest is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into
account the amount outstanding and rate applicable.
(d) Dividends are recognized when the shareholders right to receive
payment is established by the balance sheet date. Dividend from
subsidiaries are recognized even if the same are declared after the
balance sheet date but pertain to the period on or before the date of
balance sheet as per the requirement of Schedule VI of the Companies
Act, 1956.
(III) Fixed Assets:
(a) Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition inclusive of duties
(net of Cenvat and VAT), taxes, incidental expenses, erection /
commissioning expenses and technical know-how fees etc. upto the date
the asset is put to use, less accumulated depreciation and impairment
losses, if any. In case of revaluation of fixed assets, the original
cost as written up by the valuer is considered in the accounts and the
differential amount is transferred to capital reserve.
(b) Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with an item
of fixed asset and whose use as per technical assessment is expected to
be irregular, are capitalised and depreciated over the residual useful
lives of the respective assets.
(c) The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet
date to determine if there is any indication of impairment based on
external / internal factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever
the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount which
represents the greater of the net selling price and Value in use of
the respective assets. The estimated future cash flows considered for
determining the value in use are discounted to their present value at
the weighted average cost of capital.
(d) Assets awaiting disposal are valued at lower of written down value
and net realisable value and disclosed separately
(IV) Foreign Currency Transactions:
(a) Initial Recognition:
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency by
applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the
reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(b) Conversion:
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at
fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency
are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were
determined.
(c) Exchange Differences:
Exchange differences arising on the settlement / conversion of monetary
items are recognised as income or expenses in the year in which they
arise.
(d) Forward Exchange contracts not intended for trading or speculation
purpose :
The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange
contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of respective
contracts. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised in the
statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates
change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of
forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the
year.
(V) Depreciation:
(a) Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided on Straight Line Method at
the rates arrived at on the basis of their useful lives, which are
equivalent to the rates specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act,
1956.
(b) The classification of Plant and Machinery into continuous and
non-continuous process is done as per technical certification and
depreciation thereon is provided accordingly.
(c) Technical Know-how fees included under the head Intangible Assets
are amortised over the period of respective agreements / over the
useful life of 10 years, whichever is lower. Other Intangible Assets
are amortised over a period of three to five years on a straight line
basis, being their estimated useful lives.
(d) Depreciation includes the amount amortised in respect of leasehold
land over the respective lease period.
(e) Depreciation on revalued assets is provided at the rates specified
under Section 205(2)(b) of the Companies Act, 1956 or at the rates
based on their estimated useful life, whichever is higher.
(f) Depreciation on fixed assets added / disposed off during the year,
is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the month of addition /
disposal.
(g) In case of impairment, if any, depreciation is provided on the
revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
(VI) Fixed Assets acquired under leases:
(a) Finance Lease:
Assets acquired under lease agreements which effectively transfer to
the Company substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to
ownership of the leased items, are capitalised at the lower of the fair
value and present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception
of the lease term and disclosed as leased assets. Lease payments are
apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of the lease
liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining
balance of the liability. Finance charges are charged directly to
Expenses account.
Leased assets capitalised are depreciated over the shorter of the
estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term.
(b) Operating Lease:
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased assets, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense
in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight line basis over the lease
term.
(VII) Intangibles :
Technical know-how fees / acquired computer software and licenses are
capitalized on the basis of costs incurred to bring the specific
intangibles to its intended use.
Research and Development Costs
Research and Development costs are expensed, except for certain
development expenses which are capitalized from the time commercial and
technological feasibility criteria are met. Expenditure already charged
to Profit and Loss Account is not restated.
(VIII) Investments:
(a) Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for
not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments.
(b) Current Investments are stated at lower of cost or market rate on
individual investment basis. Long Term Investments are considered at
cost, unless there is other than temporary decline in value thereof,
in which case, adequate provision is made against such diminution in
the value of investments.
(c) Investments in foreign companies are considered at the exchange
rates prevailing on the date of their acquisition.
(IX) Inventories:
(a) Inventories are valued at lower of cost, computed on annual
weighted / moving average basis, and net realisable value.
(b) The closing stock of materials inter-transferred from one unit to
another is valued at cost of the transferor unit or net realisable
value whichever is lower.
(c) Net realisable value is the selling price in the ordinary course of
business, less costs of completion and costs necessary to make the
sale.
(d) Cost of finished goods and work in progress include direct
materials, labour and an appropriate proportion of manufacturing
overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods
includes excise duty.
(X) Excise Duty & Customs Duty:
Excise Duty on Finished Goods stock lying at the factories is accounted
for at the point of manufacture of goods and is accordingly considered
for valuation of finished goods stock lying in the factories as on the
Balance Sheet date. Similarly, Customs Duty on Imported Materials in
transit / lying in Bonded Warehouse is accounted for at the time of
import / bonding of materials.
(XI) Cash & Cash Equivalents:
Cash and Cash equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise Cash at
bank and in hand and short term investments with an original maturity
of three months or less.
(XII) Derivative Instruments:
As per ICAI announcement, derivative contracts, other than those
covered under AS -11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and
the net loss after considering the offsetting effects on the underlying
hedge item, is charged to the income statement. Net gains are ignored.
(XIII) Retirement & other employee benefits :
(a) Defined Contribution plans:
Companys contributions to Provident Fund and Superannuation Schemes
are charged to Profit & Loss Account of the year when the contributions
to the respective funds are due. The Company has no obligations other
than the contributions payable to the respective trusts.
(b) Defined Benefit plans:
Gratuity liability and compensated leave liability are provided for
based on actuarial valuation made at the end of each financial year.
The actuarial valuation is done on Projected Unit Credit method.
Actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in the statement
of Profit & Loss Account as income or expense.
(XIV) Borrowing Costs:
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or
construction of qualifying assets are capitalised until the time all
substantial activities necessary to prepare the qualifying assets for
their intended use are complete. A qualifying asset is one that
necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its
intended use. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.
(XV) Provisions:
A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of
resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
which a reliable estimate can be made.
Provisions made in terms of Accounting Standard 29 are not discounted
to its present value and are determined based on the management
estimates required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date.
These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect
the current management estimates.
(XVI) Taxation:
(a) Tax expenses comprise of current & deferred tax. Current income tax
is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred Income taxes
reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable
income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing
differences of earlier years.
(b) Deferred tax is accounted for using the tax rates and laws that
have been substantively enacted as of the Balance Sheet date. Deferred
tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. If the Company
has carry forward unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses, deferred tax
assets are recognised only to the extent there is virtual certainty
supported by convincing evidence that sufficient taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
(c) At each balance sheet date, the Company re-assesses unrecognised
deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to
the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain,
as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
(XVII) Segment Reporting:
(a) Identification of Segments:
The Company has identified that its operating segments are the primary
segments. The Companys operating businesses are organised and managed
separately according to the nature of products, with each segment
representing a strategic business unit that offers different products
and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is
based on the areas in which the customers of the Company are located.
(b) Allocation of Common Costs:
Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment on case to case
basis applying the ratio appropriate to each relevant case. Revenue and
expenses which relate to the enterprise as a whole and are not
allocable to segments on a reasonable basis, have been included under
the head Unallocated-Common.
The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with
those of the Company.
(XVIII) Product related Warranty Claims:
Provision for product related warranty costs is based on the claims
received upto the year end as well as the management estimates of
further liability to be incurred in this regard during the warranty
period, computed on the basis of past trend of such claims.
(XIX) Contingencies:
Liabilities which are material and whose future outcome cannot be
ascertained with reasonable certainty, are treated as contingent and
disclosed by way of Notes to the Accounts.
(XX) Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders, by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and
weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
(XXI) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting
year. Although these estimates are based upon managements best
knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ
from these estimates.
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