1. Accounting Convention and Concepts
These financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost
convention in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
in India, the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and the applicable
accounting standards.
2. Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements, in conformity with the
generally accepted accounting principles, requires estimates and
assumptions to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported
amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Differences between actual results and estimates are recognised in the
period in which the results are known/ materialised. Example of such
estimates include provision for doubtful debts, employee benefits,
provision for income taxes, accounting for contract costs expected to
be incurred to complete software development, the useful lives of
depreciable fixed assets and provisions for impairment.
3. Revenue Recognition
a) Revenues from software solutions and consulting services are
recognized on specified terms of contract in case of contract on time
basis and in case of fixed price contracts revenue is recognized using
percentage of completion method of accounting. The cumulative impact of
any revision in estimates of the percentage of work completed is
reflected in the year in which the change becomes known. Provisions for
estimated losses on such engagements are made during the year in which
a loss becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated. Amount
received or billed in advance of services performed are recorded as
unearned revenue. Unbilled services included in other current assets
represents amount recognized based on services performed in advance of
billing in accordance with contract terms.
b) Dividend income is recognised when right to receive is established.
c) Interest Income is recognised on time proportion basis.
d) Profit on sale of investments is recorded on transfer of title from
the Company and is determined as the difference between the sales price
and the then carrying value of the investment.
4. Fixed Assets
Fixed assets stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated
depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Cost includes all expenses
incurred for acquisition of assets. Intangible assets are recorded at
cost and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and
accumulated impairment loss, if any.
5. Depreciation and Amortisation
Depreciation and amortisation on fixed assets is provided on
straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets
as determined by the management.
The management estimates the useful lives for various fixed assets as
follows:
6. Investments
Long-term investments are stated at cost. Provision is made for
diminution in the value of long term investments, if such decline is
other than temporary. Current investments are carried at cost or fair
value, whichever is lower.
7. Foreign Currency Transaction/ Translation
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the original rate of
exchange in force at the time transactions are affected. Exchange
differences arising on settlement of foreign currency transactions are
recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.
Monetary items denominated in foreign currency are restated using the
exchange rate prevailing at the date of the Balance Sheet and the
resulting net exchange difference is recognized in the Profit and Loss
Account.
In respect of forward contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency
exposure in respect of recognized monetary items, the premium or
discount on such contracts is amortised over the life of the contract.
The exchange difference measured by the change in exchange rate between
the inception dates of the contract/ last reporting date as the case
may be and the balance sheet date is recognized in the profit and loss
account. Any gain/ loss on cancellation of such forward contracts is
recognised as income/ expense of the period.
Foreign Branches
In respect of the foreign branches, being integral foreign operations,
all revenues and expenses (except depreciation) during the year are
reported at average rate prevailing during the period. Monetary assets
and liabilities are restated at the yearend exchange rate.
Non-monetary assets and liabilities are stated at the rate prevailing
on the date of the transaction. Balance in ''head office'' account
whether debit or credit is translated at the amount of the balance in
the ''foreign branch'' account in the books of the head office. Net gain/
loss on foreign currency translation is recognized in the Profit and
Loss Account.
8. Derivative Instruments and Hedge Accounting
The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts and currency
options contracts to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency
fluctuations relating to highly probable forecast transactions. The
Company designates these instruments as hedges applying the recognition
and measurement pr in cripples set out in the Accounting Standard (AS)
30 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. Accordingly,
the Company records the gain or loss on effective cash flow hedges in
the Hedging Reserve account until the forecasted transaction
materializes. Gain or loss on ineffective cash flow hedges is
recognized in the profit and loss account. (Refer Note No. 14 of
Schedule 12B).
9. Employee Benefits
a) Post employment benefits and other long-term benefit plans:
Payments to defined contribution retirement schemes are expensed as
incurred. For defined benefit schemes and other long-term benefit
plans, (compensated absences) the cost of providing benefits is
determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial
valuations being carried out at balance sheet date. Actuarial gains and
losses are recognized in full in the profit and loss account for the
period in which they occur. Past service cost is recognized immediately
to the extent that the benefits are already vested, and otherwise is
amortised on a straight line basis over the average period until the
benefits become vested. The retirement benefit liability recognized in
the balance sheet represents the present value of the defined benefit
obligation as adjusted for unrecognized past service cost, as reduced
by the fair value of scheme assets. Any asset resulting from this
calculation is limited to the lower of the amount determined as the
defined benefit liability and the present value of available refunds
and reduction in future contributions to the scheme.
b) Short term employee benefits:
The undiscounted amount of short term employee benefits expected to be
paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees is recognized
as an expense during the period when the employee renders those
services. These benefits include compensated absences such as leave
expected to be availed within a year and bonus payable.
10. Borrowing Cost
Borrowing cost attributable to the acquisition or construction of
qualifying assets is capitalised as part of the cost of such assets. A
qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes a substantial period of
time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing
costs are charged to revenue.
11. Leases Finance Lease
Assets taken on finance lease are accounted for as fixed assets at
lower of present value of the minimum lease payments and the fair
value. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charge and
reduction in outstanding liability.
Operating Leases
Assets taken on lease under which all risks and rewards of ownership
are effectively retained by the lesser are classified as operating
lease. Lease payments under operating leases are recognised as expenses
on straight line basis.
Furnished and equipped premises leased out under operating lease are
capitalised in the books of the Company. Lease income is recognised in
Profit and Loss Account over the lease term on a straight line basis.
12. Taxes on Income
Income Taxes are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standard
22 (AS 22) on Accounting for Taxes on Income. Tax expense comprises
of current tax and deferred tax. Current tax is measured at the amount
expected to be paid or recovered from the tax authorities using the
applicable tax rates. Deferred taxes are recognised for future tax
consequence attributable to timing difference between taxable income
and accounting income, measured at relevant enacted tax rates and in
the case of deferred tax assets, on consideration of prudence, are
recognized and carried forward to the extent of reasonable certainty/
virtual certainty, as the case maybe.
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit entitlement is recognized in
accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for credit available
in respect of Minimum Alternate Tax under the Income Tax Act, 1961
issued by ICAI. MAT credit is recognised as an asset only when and to
the extent there is convincing evidence that the company will pay
normal income tax during the specified period. At each balance sheet
date the Company reassesses MAT credit assets, to the extent they
become reasonably certain or virtually certain of realization, as the
case may be and adjusts the same accordingly.
In the event of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses,
deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is
virtual certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be
available to realise such assets. In other situations, deferred tax
assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available to
realise these assets.
Advance taxes and provisions for current income taxes are presented in
the balance sheet after off-setting advance tax paid and income tax
provision arising in the same tax jurisdiction and the entity intends
to settle the asset and liability on a net basis.
13. Impairment of Assets
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of asset exceeds
its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Profit and
Loss Account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired.
The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting period is reversed
if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.
14. Share based Compensation
The compensation cost of stock options granted to employees is measured
by the intrinsic value method, i.e. difference between the market price
of the Company''s shares on the date of grant of options and the
exercise price to be paid by the option holders. The compensation cost,
if any, is amortised over the vesting period of the options.
15. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement
are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past
events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources.
Contingent liabilities are not recognised, but are disclosed in the
notes. Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the
financial statements. |