1. BASIS OF ACCOUNTING
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared and
presented under the historical cost convention, on the accrual basis of
accounting in accordance with the accounting principles generally
accepted in India and comply with the mandatory Accounting Standards
notified under section 211(3C) of the Companies Act, 1956 and the
relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.
2. FIXED ASSETS
Fixed Assets including in-house capitalisation and Capital
Work-In-Progress are stated at cost except those which are revalued
from time to time on the basis of current replacement cost / value to
the Company, net of accumulated depreciation.
Assets taken on finance lease on or after April 1, 2001 are stated at
fair value of the assets or present value of minimum lease payments
whichever is lower.
Intangible Assets are stated at cost net of amortisation.
3. DEPRECIATION
(a) Depreciation has been calculated as under:
(i) Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on a prorata basis using
the straight-line method based on economic useful life determined by
way of periodical technical evaluation.
(ii) The assets taken on finance lease on or after April 1, 2001 are
depreciated over their expected useful lives.
(b) Leasehold land is amortised over a period of lease. Leasehold
improvements are amortised on straight line basis over the period of
three years or lease period whichever is lower.
(c) Intangible assets other than Goodwill are amortised over their
estimated useful life i.e. over a period of 1-5 years.
(d) Goodwill arising on acquisition is tested for impairment at each
balance sheet date.
(e) Individual assets costing Rs. 5,000 or less are depreciated/
amortised fully in the year of acquisition.
4. INVESTMENTS
Long-term investments are stated at cost of acquisition inclusive of
expenditure incidental to acquisition. Any decline in the value of the
said investment, other than a temporary decline, is recognised and
charged to profit and loss account.
Current investments are carried at lower of cost or fair value where
fair value for mutual funds is based on net asset value and for bonds
is based on market quote.
5. INVENTORIES
Raw Materials and Components held for use in the production of
inventories and Work-In-Progress are valued at cost if the finished
goods in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or
above cost. If there is a decline in the price of materials/ components
and it is estimated that the cost of finished goods will exceed the net
realisable value, the materials/ components are written down to net
realisable value measured on the basis of their replacement cost. Cost
is determined on the basis of weighted average.
Finished Goods and Work-In-Progress are valued at lower of cost and net
realisable value.
Cost of Finished Goods and Work-In-Progress includes cost of raw
materials and components, direct labour and proportionate overhead
expenses. Cost is determined on the basis of weighted average.
Stores and Spares are valued at lower of cost and net realisable
value/future economic benefits expected to arise when consumed during
rendering of services. Adequate adjustments are made to the carrying
value for obsolescence. Cost is determined on the basis of weighted
average.
Goods in Transit are valued inclusive of custom duty, where applicable.
6. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
a) Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rates
prevailing at the date of transaction. Exchange differences arising on
settlement of transactions, are recognised as income or expense in the
year in which they arise.
b) At the balance sheet date, all monetary items denominated in foreign
currency, are reported at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance
sheet date and the resultant gain or loss is recognised in the profit
and loss account. Non- monetary items which are carried in terms of
historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using
the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
c) Pursuant to notification under section 211(3C) of the Companies Act,
1956 issued by Ministry of Corporate Affairs on March 31, 2009 amending
Accounting Standard - 11 (AS - 11) ''The Effects of Changes in Foreign
Exchange Rates (revised 2003)'', exchange differences arising on
translation of long term foreign currency monetary items having a term
of 12 months or more are recognised as stated below:
(i) Exchange differences relating to long term foreign currency
monetary items, arising during the year, in so far as they relate to
the acquisition of a depreciable capital asset are added to or deducted
from the cost of the asset and depreciated over the balance life of the
asset.
(ii) In other cases, such differences are accumulated in the Foreign
Currency Monetary Translation Difference Account and amortised over
the balance period of the long term assets/liabilities but not beyond
March 31, 2011.
d) In case of forward foreign exchange contracts where an underlying
asset or liability exists at the balance sheet date, the difference
between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the inception of the
contract is recognised as income or expense over the life of the
contract.
e) In case of forward foreign exchange contracts taken for highly
probable/forecast transactions, the net loss, if any, calculated on
''Mark to Market'' principle as at the balance sheet date is recorded.
f) Profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of a forward
contract is recognised as income or expense in the year in which such
cancellation or renewal is made.
7. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
Defined Benefit:
Liability for gratuity is provided as determined on actuarial valuation
made at the end of the year which is computed using projected unit
credit method. Gains/losses arising out of actuarial valuation are
recognised immediately in the profit and loss account as
income/expense.
Company''s contributions towards recognised Provident Fund is accounted
for on accrual basis. The Company has an obligation to make good the
shortfall, if any, between the return from the investment of the
provident fund trust and the notified interest rate.
Defined Contribution:
Company''s contributions towards Superannuation Fund is accounted for on
accrual basis.
The Company makes defined contributions to a superannuation trust
established for the purpose. The Company has no further obligation
beyond the monthly contributions.
Other Benefit:
Liability for leave encashment is provided as determined on actuarial
valuation made at the end of the year which is computed using projected
unit credit method. Gains/losses arising out of actuarial valuation are
recognised immediately in the profit and loss account as
income/expense.
8. REVENUE RECOGNITION
(a) Sales, after adjusting trade discount, are inclusive of excise duty
and the related revenue is recognised (after providing for expenses to
be incurred connected to such sale) on transfer of all significant
risks and rewards of ownership to the customer and when no significant
uncertainty exists regarding realisation of the consideration.
(b) Composite contracts, outcome of which can be reliably estimated,
where no significant uncertainty exists regarding realisation of the
consideration, revenue is recognised in accordance with the percentage
completion method, under which revenue is recognised on the basis of
cost incurred as a proportion of total cost expected to be incurred.
The foreseeable losses on the completion of contract, if any, are
provided for immediately.
(c) Service income includes income:
i) From maintenance of products and facilities under maintenance
agreements and extended warranty, which is recognised upon creation of
contractual obligations rateably over the period of contract, where no
significant uncertainty exists regarding realisation of the
consideration.
ii) From software services:
(a) The revenue from time and material contracts is recognised based on
the time spent as per the terms of contracts.
(b) In case of fixed priced contracts revenue is recognised on
percentage of completion basis. Foreseeable losses, if any, on the
completion of contract are recognised immediately.
9. GOVERNMENT GRANTS
Revenue grants, where reasonable certainty exists that the ultimate
collection will be made are recognised on a systematic basis in profit
and loss account over the periods necessary to match them with the
related cost which they are intended to compensate.
10. ROYALTY
Royalty expense, net of performance based discounts, is recognised when
the related revenue is recognised.
11. LEASES
a) Assets taken under leases where the Company has substantially all
the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases.
Such assets are capitalised at the inception of the lease at the lower
of fair value or the present value of minimum lease payments and a
liability is created for an equivalent amount. Each lease rental paid
is allocated between the liability and the interest cost, so as to
obtain a constant periodic rate of interest on outstanding liability
for each period.
b) Initial direct costs relating to the finance lease transactions are
included as part of the amount capitalised as an asset under the lease.
c) Assets taken on leases where significant portion of the risks and
rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as
operating leases. Lease rentals are charged to the profit and loss
account on straight-line basis over the lease term.
d) Profit on sale and leaseback transactions is recognised over the
period of the lease.
e) Assets given under finance lease are recognised as receivables at an
amount equal to the net investment in the lease. Inventories given on
finance lease are recognised as deemed sale at fair value. Lease income
is recognised over the period of the lease so as to yield a constant
rate of return on the net investment in the lease.
f) Assets leased out under operating leases are capitalised. Rental
income is recognised on accrual basis over the lease term.
g) In sale and leaseback transactions and further sub-lease resulting
in financial leases, the deemed sale is recognised at fair value at an
amount equal to the net investment in the lease where substantially all
risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the sub-lessee.
A liability is created at the inception of the lease at the lower of
fair value or the present value of minimum lease payments for sale and
leaseback transaction. Each lease rental payable/receivable is
allocated between the liability/receivable and the interest
cost/income, so as to obtain a constant periodic rate of interest on
outstanding liability/receivable for each period.
12. INCOME TAXES
The current charge for income taxes is calculated in accordance with
the relevant tax regulations.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for timing
differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of
existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates
that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the balance sheet
date. Deferred tax asset is recognised and carried forward when it is
reasonably certain that sufficient taxable profits will be available in
future against which deferred tax assets can be realised except in case
of carry forward tax losses or unabsorbed depreciation where deferred
tax asset is recognised only when it is virtually certain that
sufficient taxable profit will be available in future against which
deferred tax assets can be realised.
13. PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company creates a provision when there is a present obligation as a
result of a past event that probably requires an outflow of resources
and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. A
disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible
obligation or a present obligation that probably will not require an
outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the amount of the
obligation cannot be made.
14. USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally
Accepted Accounting Principles requires the management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of
the financial statements and the results of operations during the
reporting period. Examples of such estimates include estimate of cost
expected to be incurred to complete performance under composite
arrangements, income taxes, provision for warranty, employment benefit
plans, provision for doubtful debts and estimated useful life of the
fixed assets. The actual results could differ from those estimates. Any
revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current
and future periods.
15. EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION SCHEME
The Company calculates the employee stock compensation expense based on
the intrinsic value method wherein the excess of market price of
underlying equity shares as on the date of the grant of options over
the exercise price of the options given to employees under the Employee
Stock Option Scheme of the Company, is recognised as deferred stock
compensation expense and is amortised over the vesting period on the
basis of generally accepted accounting principles in accordance with
the guidelines of Securities and Exchange Board of India.
16. BORROWING COSTS
Borrowing costs to the extent related/attributable to the
acquisition/construction of assets that necessarily take substantial
period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised
along with the respective fixed asset up to the date such asset is
ready for use. Other borrowing costs are charged to the profit and loss
account.
17. SEGMENT ACCOUNTING
The segment accounting policy is in accordance with the policies
consistently used in the preparation of financial statements. The
basis of reporting is as follows:
a) Revenue and expenses distinctly identifiable to a segment are
recognised in that segment. Identified expenses include direct
material, labour, overheads and depreciation on fixed assets. Expenses
that are identifiable with/allocable to segments have been considered
for determining segment results.
Allocated expenses include support function costs which are allocated
to the segments in proportion of the services rendered by them to each
of the business segments. Depreciation on fixed assets is allocated to
the segments on the basis of their proportionate usage.
b) Unallocated expenses/income are enterprise expenses/income, which
are not attributable or allocable to any of the business segment.
c) Assets and liabilities which arise as a result of operating
activities of the segment are recognised in that segment. Fixed assets
which are exclusively used by the segment or allocated on a reasonable
basis are also included.
d) Unallocated assets and liabilities are those which are not
attributable or allocable to any of the segments and includes liquid
assets like investments, bank deposits and investments in assets given
on finance lease.
e) Segment revenue resulting from transactions with other business
segments is accounted on the basis of transfer price which is at par
with the prevailing market price.
18. IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS
At the each balance sheet date, the Company assesses whether there is
any indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication
exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount and if the
carrying amount of the asset exceeds its recoverable amount, an
impairment loss is recognised in the profit and loss account to the
extent the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount.
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