a. Basis of preparation of financial statements
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects in respects with the Accounting standards notified by
Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, (as amended) and the
relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial
statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on
an accrual basis. The accounting policies have been consistently
applied by the Company and are consistent with those used in the
previous year.
b. Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date
of the financial statements and reported amounts of income and expenses
during the period. Although these estimates are based upon management''s
best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could
differ from these estimates.
c. Fixed Assets and capital work in progress
Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated
depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase
price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working
condition for its intended use and includes freight, duties and taxes
and other incidental expenses related to the acquisition. Borrowing
costs directly attributable to acquisition of those fixed assets which
necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their
intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period
till such assets are ready to be put to use.
Capital work-in-progress includes advances paid to acquire fixed assets
and cost of assets not ready for intended use as at the balance sheet
date.
d. Impairment of fixed assets
i. The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet
date if there is any indication of impairment based on
internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever
the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The
recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and
value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount
rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of
money and risks specific to the asset.
ii. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
iii. A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed
depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value
after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would
have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no
impairment.
e. Depreciation
Depreciation on assets is provided using the straight-line method based
on rates specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 or on
estimated useful lives of assets estimated by the management, whichever
is higher. Individual assets costing less than 5 are depreciated fully
in the year of purchase.
f. Leased assets
Finance Lease
Leases under which the Company assumes substantially all the risks and
rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Such assets are
capitalized at fair value of the asset or present value of the minimum
lease payments at the inception of the lease, whichever is lower. Lease
payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the
lease liability at the implicit rate of return. Finance charges are
charged to the profit and loss account. Lease management fees, legal
charges and other initial direct costs are capitalised.
If there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain the
ownership by the end of the lease term, capitalized leased assets are
depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset
or the lease term.
Operating Lease
Leases, where the lessor, effectively retains substantially all the
risks and benefits of ownership of the leased asset, are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the profit and loss account on a straight line basis over the lease
term.
g. inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value.
However, materials and other items held for use in the production of
inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in
which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above
cost. Cost of raw materials and traded goods is determined using the
moving weighted average method and includes freight, taxes and duties
wherever applicable.
The valuation of manufactured finished goods and work in progress
includes the combined cost of materials, labour and all applicable
manufacturing overheads, based on normal operating capacity.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated
costs necessary to make the sale.
h. Revenue recognition
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised on dispatch of goods to
customers which corresponds with transfer of all significant risks and
rewards of ownership. The amount recognized as sale is exclusive of
sales tax, and trade and quantity discounts.
Interest income on deposits is recognized on the time proportionate
method taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate
applicable.
Royalty income is recognized on accrual basis.
Income in respect of export benefits, such as duty credit entitlement
and the transport assistance is recognized in the year of exports.
i. Foreign currency transactions
(i) Initial Recognition
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the
transaction.
(ii) Conversion
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
(iii) Exchange Differences
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
reporting company''s monetary items at rates different from those at
which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in
previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses
in the year in which they arise.
j. Taxation
Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax
is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act. Deferred income taxes
reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable
income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing
differences of earlier years.
The deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred tax
liabilities or assets are recognized using the tax rates and tax laws
that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet
date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent there is a
reasonable certainty that the assets can be realized in future.
Deferred tax assets are reviewed as at each balance sheet date and
written down or written up to reflect the amount that is reasonably
certain to be realized.
MAT credit is recognized as an asset only when and to the extent there
is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax
during the specified period. In the year in which the Minimum
Alternative tax (MAT) credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an
asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in guidance note
issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said
asset is created by way of a credit to the profit and loss account and
shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each
balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit
Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the
effect that Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified
period.
k. Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share amounts are computed by dividing net profit or
loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after
deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted
average number of shares outstanding during the year.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net
profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and
the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are
adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
I. Government grants
Grants and subsidies from the government are recognised when there is
reasonable assurance that the grant / subsidy will be received and all
attaching conditions will be complied with. Government grants related
to depreciable fixed assets are treated as deferred income which is
recognised in the profit and loss account over the useful life of the
asset in the proportion in which the depreciation on those assets is
charged.
m. Employee benefits
i. Short term employee benefit plans
All short term employee benefit plans such as salaries, wages, bonus,
special awards and medical benefits which fall due within 12 months of
the period in which the employee renders the related services which
entitles him to avail such benefits are recognized on an undiscounted
basis and charged to the profit and loss account.
ii. Defined Contribution Plan
Contributions to the provident funds are made monthly at a
predetermined rate to the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner and
debited to the profit and loss account on an accrual basis. There is no
other obligation of the company except the contribution to the
provident fund.
iii. Defined Benefit Plan
The Company has an arrangement with Life Insurance Corporation of India
(LIC) to administer its gratuity scheme. The contribution paid/payable
is debited to the profit and loss account on an accrual basis.
Liability towards gratuity is provided on the basis of an actuarial
valuation using the Projected Unit Credit method and debited to the
profit and loss account on an accrual basis. Actuarial gains and losses
arising during the year are recognized in the profit and loss account.
iv. Leave Salary
Short term encashment of accumulated leave balances are accounted for
in the year in which the leave balances are credited to employees on
actual basis.
n. Cash flow statements
Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit
before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash
nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or
payments. The cash flows from regular revenue generating, financing and
investing activities of the Company are segregated.
Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow statement comprise cash at
bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity
of three months or less.
o. Provisions
A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of
resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted
to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required
to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed
at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best
estimates. Provision for expenditure relating to voluntary retirement
is made when the employee accepts the offer of early retirement.
p. Segment Reporting Policies
Identification of segments
The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately
according to the nature of the products provided with each segment
representing a strategic business unit that offers different products
and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is
based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company
operates.
Segment accounting policies
The accounting policies consistently used in the preparation of the
financial statements are also applied to record revenue and expenditure
in individual segments.
Revenue and direct expenses in relation to segments are categorized
based on items that are individually identifiable to that segment,
while other costs, where allocable, are apportioned to the segments on
an appropriate basis.
Fixed assets used in the Company''s business or liabilities contracted,
other than those specifically identifiable, have not been identified to
any of the reportable segments, as such fixed assets and services are
used interchangeably between segments.
Unallocated items
Certain expenses are not specifically allocable to individual segments
as the underlying services are used interchangeably. The Company
believes that it is not practicable to provide segment disclosures
relating to such expenses, and accordingly, such expenses are
separately disclosed as ''unallocable'' and directly charged against
total income.
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