a) BASIS OF PREPARATION
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material
respects with the mandatory Accounting Standards issued by the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and the relevant provisions
of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have been prepared
under the historical cost convention, except where otherwise stated,
and on an accrual basis. The accounting policies have been consistently
applied by the Company and are consistent with those used in the
previous year.
b) USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements are in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles & it requires management to
make estimates and assumptions that effect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the
date of the financial statements and the results of operations during
the reporting period end. Although these estimates are based upon
managements best knowledge of current events and actions, actual
results could differ from these estimates.
c) FIXED ASSETS
Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and
impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any
directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working
condition for its intended use. Financing cost relating to acquisition
of fixed assets are also included to the extent they relate to the
period till such assets are ready to be put to use. Expenditure for
addition, improvement and renewal are capitalized and expenditure for
repairs and maintenance are charged to Profit & Loss Account. Expenses
specifically attributable to completion of project are considered as
part of project cost.
d) BORROWING COST
Borrowing cost related to acquisition or construction of the qualifying
fixed assets for the period up to the completion of their acquisition
or construction are included in the book value of the respective assets
and other borrowing costs are charged to profit & loss account.
e) DEPRECIATION
i) Depreciation is provided on straight line method as prescribed in
Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.
ii) Lease hold land is amortized over the period of lease.
iii) Depreciation on the amount of addition made to fixed assets due to
up gradation /improvement is provided at the rate applied to the
existing assets.
iv) Intangible assets are accounted for at their cost of acquisition &
amortized over their estimated economic life not exceeding 5years.
v) Research & Development are accounted for at their cost of
acquisition /generation .
f) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
(a) Short-term Employee benefits :
All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering
the service are classified as short-term employee benefits. These
benefits include compensated absences such as paid annual leave .The
undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid
in exchange for the services rendered by employees is recognized during
the period.
(b) Post-employment benefits:
(i) Retirement benefits in the form of the Companys contribution to
Provident Fund are charged to the Profit & Loss Account of the year
when the contributions to the respective funds are due.
(ii) The Companys gratuity benefit scheme is a defined benefit plan.
The Companys net obligation in respect of the gratuity benefit scheme
is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees
have earned in return for their service in the current and prior
periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value, and
the fair value of any plan assets is deducted.
The present value of the obligation under such defined benefit plan is
determine based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit Credit
method, which recognizes each period of service as giving rise to
additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit
separately to build up the final obligation.
The obligation is measured at the present value the estimated future
cash flows. The discount rates used for determining the present value
of the obligation under defined benefit plan, are based on the market
yields on government securities as at the balance sheet date.
When the calculation results in a benefit to the company, the
recognized asset is limited to the net total of any unrecognized
actuarial losses and past service costs and the present value of any
future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to
the plan.
Actuarial gains and losses are recognized immediately in the profit &
loss account.
(c) Other Long-term employment benefits:
Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve
months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the
related services, are provided for on the basis of actuarial valuation
made at the end of each financial year.
g) FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTION
Initial Recognition:
Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency,
by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between
the reporting currency and the foreign currency transactions.
Conversion:
Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate.
Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate
at the date of the transaction, and non monetary items which are
carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a
foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed
when the values were determined.
Exchange Difference:
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on
restatement of reporting Companys monetary items at rates different
from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or
reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or
as expenses in the year in which they arise.
Forward Exchange Contracts :( Derivative Instruments) not intended for
trading or speculation purposes:-
The company uses derivative financial instruments including forward
exchange contracts to hedge its risk associated with foreign currency
fluctuations. The premium or discount arising at the inception of
forward exchange contracts is amortised as expense or income over the
life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are
recognised in the statement of profit & loss in the year in which the
exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or
renewal of forward exchange contract is recognized as income or as
expense for the year.
h) INVENTORY VALUATION
Inventories are valued as follows:
Raw Materials & Others:
Lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other
items held for use in the production of inventories are not written
down below cost if the finished products, in which they will be
incorporated, are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is
determined on transaction moving weighted average.
Work in Progress and Finished Goods
Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials
and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal
operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty where
ever applicable.
By Products and Waste – Net realizable value.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary
course of business, less estimated costs of completion and to make the
sale.
i) Leases:
Where the company is lessee:- Finance leases, which effectively
transfer to the company substantially all the risks and benefits
incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalized at the
lower of the fair value and present value of the minimum lease payments
at the inception of the lease term and are disclosed as leased assets.
Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and
reduction of the lease liability based on the implicit rate of return.
Finance charges are charged directly against income. Lease management
fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs are capitalized.
It there is no reasonable certainty that the company will obtain the
ownership by the end of the lease term, capitalized leased assets are
depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset
or the lease term.
Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks
and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as
operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense
in the Profit & Loss Account on a straight line basis over the lease
term.
j) REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be
measured. Sale of Goods Revenue is recognized when the significant
risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the
buyer. Sales are net of return, volume discount and sales/vat tax but
including excise duty.
i) Warranty claims settled including replacements are adjusted against
sales.
ii) Interest: Interest is recognized on a time proportion basis taking
into account the amount outstanding at the applicable date.
iii) Dividend:
Dividend is recognized when the shareholders right to receive payment
is established by the balance sheet date.
k) INVESTMENT
Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not
more than a year are classified as current investments. All other
investments are classified as long-term investments. Current
investments and investments held for sale are carried at lower of cost
and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long term
investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in
value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value
of such investments.
l) INCOME TAX
Tax expense comprises of current, deferred tax. Current income tax is
measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes
reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable
income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing
difference of earlier year.
Deferred taxes are measured based on the tax rates and the tax law
enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred
assets are recognized only to the extend that there is reasonable
certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. If the company
has carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation and tax losses, deferred
tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty that such
deferred tax assets can be realized against future taxable profits.
Unrecognized deferred tax assets of earlier year are reassessed and
recognized to the extent that it has become reasonable certain that
future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax
assets be realised.
Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) Credit is recognised as an asset only
when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the company
will pay normal Income Tax during the specified period. In the year in
which the Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) Credit becomes eligible to be
recognized as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained
in guidance note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India, the said asset is created by way of a Credit to the Profit &
Loss account and shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews
the same at each Balance Sheet date and writes down the carrying amount
of MAT Credit Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing
evidence to the effect that company will pay normal Income Tax during
the specified period.
m) PROVISIONS:
A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation
as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of
resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted
to its present value and are determined based on best management
estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date.
These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect
the current management estimates.
n) IMPAIRMENT OF FIXED ASSETS
Consideration is given at each balance sheet date to determine whether
there is any indication of impairment of the carrying amount of the
Companys fixed assets. If any indication exists, an assets
recoverable amount is estimated. An impairment loss is recognized
whenever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable
amount. The recoverable amount is greater of the net selling price and
the value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
flows are discounted to their present value based on an appropriate
discount factor.
Reversal of impairment losses recognized in prior years is recorded
when there is an indication that the impairment losses recognized for
the asset no longer exist or have decreased. However, the increase in
carrying amount of an asset due to reversal of an impairment loss is
recognized to the extent it does not exceed the carrying amount that
would have been determined (net of depreciation) had no impairment loss
been recognized for the asset in prior years.
o) Intangible Assets
Research and Development Costs
Research & development costs which relate to the design and testing of
new or improved materials, products or processes which are recognized
as an intangible asset to the extent that it is expected that such
assets will generate future economic benefits. Research and development
expenditure of a capital nature is added to fixed assets. Development
costs carried forward is amortised over the period of expected future
sales from the related project, not exceeding five years.
The carrying value of development costs is reviewed for impairment
annually when the asset is not yet in use, and otherwise when events or
changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be
recoverable.
Other Research and development costs, incurred for development of
products are expensed as incurred,
p) EARNINGS PER SHARE:
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or
loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting
preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted average
number of equity shares outstanding during the year. For the purpose of
calculating Diluted Earning per Share, the net profit or loss for the
year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average
number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the
effects of all dilutive potential Equity Shares.
q) Segment Reporting Policies
Identification of segments:
Primary Segment
Business Segment
During the year the company has bifurcated its business in two separate
segments. Accordingly operating businesses are organized and managed
separately according to the nature of products, with each segment
representing a strategic business unit that offers different products
and serves different markets. The identified segments are Manufacturing
& Sale of Auto Lamps and General Lighting Lamps.
a) Revenue and expenses have been identified to a segment on the basis
of relationship to operating activities of the segment. Revenue and
expenses which relate to enterprise as a whole and are not allocable to
a segment on reasonable basis have been disclosed as Unallocable.
b) Segment assets and segment liabilities represent assets and
liabilities in respective segments. Investments, tax related assets and
other assets and liabilities that cannot be allocated to a segment on
reasonable basis have been disclosed as Unallocable.
Secondary Segment
Geographical Segment
The analysis of geographical segments is based on the geographical
location of the customers.
The geographical segments considered for disclosure are as follows:
- Sales within India include sales to customers located within India.
- Sales outside India include sales to customers located outside India.
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